...In response to the act of violence done towards Trayvon Martin, President Obama explains, “When Trayvon Martin was first shot I said that this could have been my son. Another way of saying that is Trayvon Martin could have been me 35 years ago… I think it’s important to recognize that the African American community is looking at this issue through a set of experiences and a history that doesn’t go away”. The history of the African American community in the United States that President Obama is mentioning is the concept of the construction of whiteness and how that “whiteness” has been used repeatedly against the Black community. Trayvon Martin is not the first nor the last victim of this history and stand your ground culture which Kelly Douglas explains in her book, Stand Your Ground: Black Bodies and the Justice of God. Then the question comes to us when we observe these acts of violence, who or what is responsible for the acts of violence in the world like the murder of Trayvon Martin? Do we blame the murderer, George Zimmerman, who felt that Trayvon Martin was a...
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...From Arrest To Adjudication American International University CRSJ101 10/21/2012 Katisha Howard Abstract There are different types of search warrants. In this presentation I will talk about the different types of search warrants. Also I will discuss the process of the search warrant how it is sought and issued. I also will talk about what is probable cause. As well as the standards that is met by probable cause. A search warrant is a court order that allows a law enforcement agency to search your home, car, or the office for evidence. It must state what they are allowed to search in home, car and so forth on and what they are looking for according to http://answers.ask.com/reference/other/what_is_a_search. To get a search warrant the officer must persuade a judge that they have probable cause to believe they will find evidence of criminal activity in the placed to be search. The officer do this through an affidavit, which is an oral or written statement made under oath according to the link http://www.streetlaw.org/en/page/340/search_warrants_what_Are_They_and_How_Do_They_Work. In the report the officer only identify the placed to be search and items that are to be seized. If a judge believes the officer provided probable cause, the judge will then issue the search warrant. If the judge does not believe the officer provided probable cause the warrant will not be issued. The following link has an example of a case where a search was conducted http://sandarose.com/2012/05...
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...Criminal Justice Cases Research Paper DIRECTIONS: You are to type the assignment. The paper should be APA style. Assignment #2 requires for you to write a detail research paper about your topic below. The paper should consist of the itemized guidelines. The title page consists of the assignment’s title, your name, your student I.D. number, the course title, and the due date of the assignment. The length of the paper should be 5-7 pages, excluding the title and reference page. The paper should be double-space, 12 font and APA cited .The topics that you can select are below: * Casey Anthony Case * Boston Marathon Case * Trayvon Martin Case * Jerry Sandusky Case * O.J Simpson Case * Jodi Arias Case INTRODUCTION: The introduction should consist of why you chose this topic. BODY: In this section, you must be able to discuss the dynamics of your topic. For example, you may want to discuss the historical foundation, controversial issues, relevant research, and related work. SUMMARY: Discuss the significant aspects of the criminal justice system and its /practitioners did in your selected case in your paper. CONCLUSION: Indicate whether you believe that there need to further research conducted on your topic. Also, how does the outcome of this case/trial influence our society and the criminal justice system? Give specific details to explain your response. REFERENCES: Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information...
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...In 2013, three radical Black coordinators Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi made a Black-focused political will and movement development project called #BlackLivesMatter. This hashtag was made after the violent death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin at the hands of neighborhood watch captain George Zimmerman in 2012. The Black Lives Matter Movement is an ideological and political mediation in a reality where we bear witness to black lives who are deliberately and purposefully targeted for death. The Black Lives Matter Movement has developed into the biggest black driven crusade since the 1960s. While particular objectives and strategies for the movement shift by city and state, generally speaking the development tries to focus on...
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...regard to this context is racial disproportionality within the criminal Justice system. By definition, racism is the perception that inherent differences between various racial groups consequently lead to the superiority of certain races and discrimination of other groups. This is the perception that great men such as Booker. T. Washington, as well as Martin Luther King, fought against during the 1960’s in a bid to end racism. For years these men under the African- American Civil Rights movement advocated for equality for all leading to the ‘end’ of racist perceptions. Today, the belief that their efforts halted racism stands to be questioned, on further examination of this subject it is eminent that racism is still existent in the twenty- first century. Racism has simply found ways of adapting to our daily activities thus dodging the common eye. To achieve this, racism has gradually encroached into fields such as education where coloured students experience disproportionality in disciplinary measures and in the criminal justice system where African Americans are inevitably the victims of the criminal justice system. This paper thus seeks to succinctly discuss the...
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...someone for a crime based on their race, while others might say that it does not exist. The term racial profiling is not precisely in the dictionary, but according to the Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, the term profiling, specifically for racial profiling, means “the act of suspecting or targeting a person on the basis of observed characteristics or behavior” (Merriam-Webster). The misconception and miscommunication on profiling, its true meaning, and intended purpose have led to the ethical dilemma and current-day social issue of racism seen in profiling. Racial profiling has been abused and implemented in many different situations and circumstances. It continues to take place today in many different instances outside policing, but this research paper focuses mainly on the unethical practice of race profiling in policing. Police have used profiling for years, but the fine line between criminal profiling and racial profiling seems to have been blurred by the police. The lack of differentiation between the two in our current society has led to this ethical dilemma of racial profiling prevailing. Profiling based on race is not ethical as it is purposeful and done with malicious intent; it harms the people targeted by it, and the offenders go unpunished due to racism. Profiling based on race has been around since the end of slavery, as the premise of today’s police force was blueprinted and first enforced in the 1700s. “The origins of modern-day policing can be traced back to the "Slave...
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...An Trinh CMST 340 Pros. Amy Miller Mar 19th, 2015 Research Paper The United States is an immigrant nation, so there are different religion and color in America. Since the United States is one of the most wealthy nation in the world, other nations assume that America also an equitable country, which all race live happily together. However, they do not aware of how much racism still occur in schools, workforces, and any where else in the United States. Racism is the discrimination of different races and is the thought of one race or color of skin has more physical or mental abilities than another. Clinton (1997) believed over 100 different racial and ethnic groups would attend in colleges and universities, and Nobel Prize winners have given to various nations. While Clinton (1997) believed that there would not be such racism in the United States for the next half century, Ballman (2011) argued that discrimination has gotten more clearly over these years. While blacks and whites generally agree that they get along well, Robert (2013) stated that about seven in ten black people and more than one in four white people coincide that blacks are treated unfairly by the criminal system. Additionally, in public schools, white students have more benefits than black students. This unequal treatment also happens in workplace. Moreover, one in three blacks, one in five Hispanic Americans and one in ten whites claimed that they received inequitable respect last year because of perceptions...
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...Racially Biased Policing Turns Fatal B.J. Johnson English 102 December 2014 This past summer on August 9th, in Ferguson Missouri, Officer Darren Wilson heard a dispatcher report of a stealing in progress. Following protocol, Officer Wilson radioed in to offer help to the officers searching for the suspects in question. Wilson’s offer wasn’t needed due to the fact that the suspects had disappeared. Moments later Wilson drove past two young black males and ordered them to move off the street. After a second look, Wilson realized one of the young men matched the description of the stealing progress. Wilson radioed for backup and in little over minute and young man lay dead at the scene. He was unarmed. That young man was Michael Brown; the 18-year-old black boy who’s shooting this past summer sparked a major controversy and raised a lot of questions about Police Shootings in the U.S. and their undeniably pattern of racial issues. Currently young black males risk of being shot by police officers is 21 times more likely greater than young white males (Staples). Due to police tactics motivated by racial profiling, racially bias news and media that enhance minority stereotypes, United States law enforcement is targeting minorities that results in Police Shootings caused by racism. After Michael Brown’s tragic death, many realized that our country had seen similar circumstances like this before. A young, unarmed, black male shot dead, taking with him, the alternative...
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...The project, which I am going to substantially revise is project 3A because I enjoyed this project the best, I was disappointed with the grade I got for this project and I believe that I could bring my grade up from a B- to an A on this particular paper. I like setting myself challenges and by revising this project I am determined to redo it to the best of my ability and get a better score on it. To achieve a better grade on this paper I am going to respond more critically to the text, identify more evidence and also use quotes throughout my essay. Rebekah McMullan ENG. 100E Project 3A Dr. Malone Fall 2014 Fighting for justice I have chosen to analyze an article written by Brittney Cooper, the article is called “Dark skinned and plus-sized:...
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...that made this event unique was that it was documented on Twitter” this would clearly indicate that there was a relationship between the fans knowledge of the current affair which was the hockey game and the Literary review-RQ- 1. Is there a relationship between social media use and KNOWLEDGE of current affairs? 2. What is the relationship between social media use and knowledge of stand your ground law? 3. What is the relationship between social media use and attitude toward stand your ground law? Methodology- In the text it is stated that Twitter is a fairly new medium within the sport communication scenery; a growing body of literature has examined its utilization among various user groups such as athletes. Sport-specific research regarding Twitter has largely focused on general usage trends, however, this particular event summarized a crisis event situation, where the framing and perception of the event and larger cultural frameworks could be examined on a digital medium. Variables were modified from Billings and Angelini’s...
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...2375-6527 PHENOMENOLOGY OF RACIAL OPPRESSION LAUREN FREEMAN Lauren.Freeman@Louisville.edu University of Louisville ABSTRACT. This paper attempts to further understand the lived experiences of racial oppression by bringing together personal testimonies, resources from phenomenology, and empirical work on stereotype threat. Integrating these three areas provides a psychological, existential, physiological, and embodied understanding of the fundamental harm of racial oppression. My aim is to show that the harm of existing as racially oppressed is not just psychological or physiological. That is, racial oppression is not only harmful with regards to the immediate and lasting effects of the compiled stresses that result from continually being made aware of one’s bodily existence as “other” in a predominantly and normatively white world. In addition, racially oppressed people also often lose a sense of themselves, become alienated from themselves, and come to understand themselves vis-à-vis the oppressor. Combining contextualized analyses of the psychological, existential, physiological, and embodied dimensions of oppression, I argue that existing as racially oppressed in a white supremacist society also changes the ontological structure of one’s being-in-the-world. Keywords: phenomenology; oppression; stereotype threat; Martin Heidegger “Only when we come to be very clear about how race is lived, in its multiple manifestations, only when we can come to appreciate...
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...Hate Crime Analysis Bonule Johnson AJS/514 Professor: Reyes 7/25/16 For this hate crime analysis paper I choose the group of African Americans because of the fact that they are being targeted in social media for police brutality crimes. Hate Crimes resemble messages to individuals from a specific gathering that they are unwelcome in a specific neighborhood, group, school, or work environment. Detest hate crimes are criminal offenses, normally including viciousness, terrorizing or vandalism, in which the casualty is focused on account of race, sexual introduction, religion, ethnicity, sex or political alliance. Detest wrongdoings can happen at home, at school, at spots of love, at work, in the city - for all intents and purposes anyplace. There have been some cases that have been committed during the time that our president Barack Obama won his presidency. “On Election Night 2008, Ralph Nicoletti and Michael Contreras, both 18, and Brian Carranza, 21, of Staten Island, New York decided shortly after learning of Barack Obama's election victory "to find African Americans to assault," according to a federal indictment and other court filings. The men then drove to a predominantly African-American neighborhood in Staten Island, where they came upon a 17 year-old African American who was walking home after watching the election at a friend's house. One of the defendants yelled "Obama!" Then, the men got out of the car and beat the youth with a metal pipe and a collapsible police...
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...anything in College Composition. I thought to myself that I could use the class period as an extra study hall to make sure I had my other classwork done and finish any actual “assignments” the night before they were due. To be honest, I treated the class as so for a while. It wasn’t until after my first essay that I realized how I could improve my writing in preparation for college now instead of later. I didn’t realize that I tend to write in a passive tense every other sentence until now. I also, often, used, too many comma splices, which butchered the flow of my writing. I sometimes missed the MLA format details which lowered my scores early on. After I submitted the last essay, I was glad that I didn’t sign up for English IV. I enjoyed some papers...
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...Problems within the Criminal Justice System In the United States Abstract: This research paper explores some problems faced within the criminal system justice in the United States. Larry J. Siegel’s book “Criminology” gives us a history of the criminal justice system, how it operates, and some of the problems we experience with this system. Some of the problems detailed in this paper include the right to equal justice; which he explained the different kind of judgment that people receive based on their race, gender and class, the criminal justice system spends more money on criminals instead of improving technology for the police apprehending them, the criminal justice system lacks of sentencing disparity, reliance on eyewitness and modern technology can lead to conviction of innocent citizen, and finally the rehabilitation model which is set up to educate criminals and eventually let them free because of the belief that they are changed people and have been rehabilitated. According to the definition from the text “Criminology”, the term criminal justice system refers to “the components of government charged with enforcing law, adjudicating criminals, and correcting criminal conduct” (Siegel, 2009, p. 558). According to Siegel, the criminal justice system is essentially “an instrument of social control: society considers some behaviors so dangerous and destructive that it either strictly controls their occurrence...
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...Eleanor Francis Francis 1 MEDC 5310 Carol Richardson October 17, 2013 An Analysis of the Ideology and Messages About Culture in Prime Time Television Seven days a week, 24 hours a day there is something to watch on television. There are reality shows, newscasts, news programs, dramas, sitcoms, the list is endless. The Big Bang Theory, The Millers, Law & Order: SVU, and Blue Bloods are all part of the prime time lineup of shows throughout any given week. The Big Bang Theory, airs on CBS and was created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady. It is the story of two brilliant physicists that work at CalTech in Pasadena, CA. Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper are co-workers, best friends and roommates. Sheldon is “regimented, deeply eccentric, and non-conventional” in his thinking which is a consistent hardship on the relationship between these two friends (“Plot Summary”). They are friends with colleagues Howard Wolowitz, a mechanical engineer, and Rajesh Koothrappali, an Indian immigrant who works as an astrophysicist. The foursome are “self-professed nerds, [with] little or no luck with popular women” (“Plot Summary”). A neighbor, Penny, is of average mind but compared to this brilliant squad she’s made to seem of less than average intelligence. Leonard’s goal is to get Penny to be his girlfriend. Immediately following Big Bang is The Millers created by Greg Garcia and starring Will Arnett. Arnett plays the part of Nathan, a single reporter who has...
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