...The Treatments of ADHD Tara Davis Wilmington University Introduction One of the most common disorders amongst children is ADHD. ADHD is defined as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Some believe the treatment of the disorder can be related to ethnicity (Jones, Epstein, Hinshaw, 2010). In some cases the teachers agree with medical treatment (Cornell-Swanson, Frankenburger, Ley, 2007). There are many medications that are given to children with ADHD as a stimulant. Although, they have the medicine to help them, are non-medical treatments just as effective? Studies have shown the effects of medical treatments, but the non-medical treatments have not received equal tending (Trout, Ortiz, Reid, 2007). This research paper will prove the effectiveness of nonmedical treatments. Many studies show the effectiveness of medical stimulants in children with ADHD. Children are either put on Adderall, Concerta, Deredrine, and Ritalin just to name a few. These medicines all help in managing the behavior in children with ADHD. When children are diagnosed with this disorder, they have to undergo a number of treatments to help them cope. Some children respond very well to the stimulant medications as long as the medicine continued, while other children are not so responsive and another form of treatment or intervention must take place (Cornell-Swanson, Frankenburger, Ley, 2007). There are many people who believe that nonmedical treatment is not effective on children...
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...Intervention 1 Focusing on Effective Intervention Brandi Steiger CRJ 201 Introduction to Criminal Justice Instructor Erick Funn February 04, 2013 Intervention 2 Focusing on Effective Intervention Effective intervention is very important when it comes to reduced reoffending. Principles of effective intervention is what psychologists developed and became organizing concepts of community corrections. The “what works” movement in corrections include four principles of the intervention which are risk principle, criminogenic need principle, treatment principle, and fidelity principle. The following paragraphs will discuss the importance and conclusioin of effective intervention. The first general principle is known as the risk principle. This includes and targets high-risk offenders. Programs usually are done with the use of risk-assessments for programs to be effective. “Once offenders’ levels of risk are known, programs can target those at the greatest risk of reoffending for the most intenstve treament” (Wright, J., 2012). Research proves that targeting low-risk offenders is less effective than targeting high-risk offenders. Based on risk level, matching treatment to intervention and treatment is the bane of corrections. As a result of an individual subjected to intensive intervention with low-risk, the offender’s behavior can worsen. Behavior can worsen when high-risk offenders and low-risk offenders are...
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...Programmatic Assessment: Treatment of Conduct Disorder Jasmine Collins CCMH 551 October 30, 2014 Jane Winslow MA LMFT Programmatic Assessment: Treatment of Conduct Disorder The author currently works with adolescents in a level 14, locked down group home facility. Her experience has been working with clients with various mental illnesses and the majority of the population display danger to self and danger to others behaviors. Many of her clients display conduct disorders as a result of their severe neglect and abuse they suffered as a child. Her clients who have Conduct Disorders do not respect authority, have little regard for others, and breaks major rules; they also exhibit aggressive behaviors that threaten physical violence, theft, property damage, or attempting to run away. Often times their continued AWOL behaviors and being a flight risk is what gets them place in a level 14 facility. A client with a Conduct Disorder is often times resentful and short-tempered. The basis of Conduct Disorder is a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Treatment plans should include behavior therapy with the client, family therapy, if they family is involved and medication support from a psychiatrist. In this paper the author will discuss treatment and intervention strategies to work with people who have this disorder. In addition, the author will describe the theoretical basis for the approaches, present how the counselor would work individually with...
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...REVIEW OF LITERATURE 1. Kaminer, (20013), Challenges and opportunities of group therapy for adolescent substance abuse. This article focusses on group intervention used as an intervention technique for young adults involved in substance abuse. The main aim of this research is to address the challenge and opportunities regarding group treatment of adolescent involved in substance abuse. Evidence has been accumulating in support for the efficacy of diverse forms of group therapy that have been utilized with adolescents. It has been argued however, that aggregation of youths who display problem behavior into group interventions may, under some conditions, produce iatrogenic effects on all participants. This assertion known also as “deviancy training”...
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...behaviors. Not only did the results show that FCT with the added component of punishment was more effective than either FCT alone, or FCT with extinction, it also demonstrated a clear preference by the children for the FCT with punishment. The punishment phase consisted of a 30-second hands down procedure involving physically holding the participant’s hands to their sides for both participants, with the addition of a visual screen through placement of the therapist’s hand over the participant’s eyes in addition to the FCT component. Only...
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...Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse Shobila Kaligounder Marymount University Introduction As per UNICEF’s (2014) definition, sexual violence against children comprises any sexual activities imposed by an adult on a child against which the child is entitled to protection by criminal law. This includes: (a) The inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any unlawful or psychologically harmful sexual activity; (b) The use of children in commercial sexual exploitation; (c) The use of children in audio or visual images of child sexual abuse; and (d) Child prostitution, sexual slavery, sexual exploitation in travel and tourism, trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation (within and between countries), sale of children for sexual purposes and forced marriage. Sexual activities are also considered as abuse when committed against a child by another child if the offender is significantly older than the victim or uses power, threat or other means of pressure. Consensual sexual activities between children are not considered as sexual abuse if the children are older than the age limit defined by the State Party. In spite of a clear definition for child sexual abuse violence in the lives of children is so real and as an international community we do very little to protect them. There is also a dearth of data to prove the prevalence of violence due to the hidden nature of the abuse and gives a false notion that it is a rare occurrence. Children are vulnerable to sexual victimization...
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... 2006 Trichotillomania: Behavioral Assessment and Treatment Interventions Brandy L. Kell & Victoria E. Kress Abstract This article examines the behavioral treatment of Trichotillomania. A brief overview of the diagnosis and assessment of Trichotillomania is provided. Guidelines for a structured clinical evaluation when working with people diagnosed with Trichotillomania are supplied. The most effective behavioral interventions and treatments for working with client’s diagnosed with Trichotillomania are discussed. Keywords: Trichotillomania, Behavioal Assessment,Behavior Treatment Introduction The reported incidence of Trichotillomania is rising with an estimated prevalence rate of 1%, suggesting that nearly 2.5 million people in the United States have this disorder (Diefenbach, Reitman, & Williamson, 2000). Increased attention should be given to the assessment and treatment of Trichotillomania to fulfill the escalating needs of those dealing with this mental disorder. There is a tendency for the severity of this disorder to be overlooked due to the underestimation of prevalence, and high rate of comorbidity with other psychological disorders (Mulinari-Brenner & Bergfeld, 2001). This article will provide suggestions for the behavioral assessment and treatment of Trichotillomania. It is helpful for individuals to become familiar with the diagnostic features of Trichotillomania to establish the proper assessment and treatment of this disorder. The disorder was introduced in 1987...
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...Choosing the Most Effective Treatment for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Sabra Serreyn PSYCH3002 Developing a Psychological Perspective Controversies in Psychology Position Paper Capella University December, 2015 Abstract This paper discusses the most effective treatment for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Increasing research has been recommending a combination of both pharmaceutical and psychotherapy treatments. DuPaul and White (2006) state that both the disruptive behavior and genetic aspects need to be addressed, therefore recommending treatment of both medication and behavioral intervention. There has also been a spike in psychiatrists suggesting alternative options in place of medication. Block and Smith (2015) express concern for the side effects of medication and should focus on the behavioral modification aspects. With that being said, the authors do state that medication may help in conjunction with behavioral therapy. Others argue that medication is the answer to resolving symptoms of ADHD because it can repair gray matter in a certain part of the brain. The conclusion comes together stating that all symptoms and treatments need to be taken into consideration in developing a combination therapy strategy. This is the most advantageous and ethical manner of working with a diagnosis. Choosing the Most Effective Treatment for ADHD Diagnosing children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity...
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...basis. Traditionally Eysenck (1952) not only challenged psychotherapy’s efficacy but also argued that it was “potentially harmful” (Miller, Hubble, Chow & Seidel, 2013:88). However, supporters of psychotherapy refuted Eysenck’s (1952) view and debate surrounding the fields worth began to accumulate. As a result psychotherapy research for the next few decades would focus on determining whether therapy was effective (House & Loewenthal, 2009). Subsequently, a plethora of studies that demonstrated its efficacy emerged (Smith Miller & Glass, 1980; Lambert & Bergin, 1994; Ahn & Wampold, 2001). So much so, that early studies revealed the treated population fared much better in comparison to their untreated counterparts (Sparks, Duncan & Miller, 2008:1; Asay & Lambert, 1999). The finding that psychotherapy is effective was further supported by “more abstract” mathematical summaries of empirical data (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24) Meta-analysis is just that a mathematical technique that is frequently used to produce estimates of the size of any treatment effects (Asay & Lambert, 1999:24). In applying...
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...and Adolescence Despite the development of smoking cessation medications and aids, tobacco use remains a major societal problem in America today. The systemic effects of the nicotine contained in tobacco and absorbed by the body leave a devastating footprint on smokers and non-smokers alike. The financial strain on the healthcare system is self-evident. The research gathered has proven to be inadequate because the sample sizes are small, and the researchers did not properly record statistics to prove effectiveness of the cessation programs. There are three very effective steps for adolescent cessation: screen for tobacco dependency with families, counsel and use behavioral interventions and prescription medications, and finally educate parents about the dangers of second hand smoke. Lack of accessibility to numerous tobacco dependence treatments remains an issue. Furthermore, impact on health from tobacco use has been documented profusely, yet the tobacco industry still continues to lure adolescents and adults with the advertising and promotional markets. One in two smokers will die prematurely of a disease caused by dependence on tobacco. After reading findings by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, it is stated that “youths also are susceptible to tobacco advertising, and those who are exposed to frequent advertisements for tobacco are more likely to smoke than those who are not” (Milton 44). This problem is too significant...
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...Principles of Effective Intervention Ladonna F. Manuel Ashford University CRJ: 201 Introduction to Criminal Justice Instructor: Michael Pozesny June 10, 2013 Principles of Effective Intervention Many years of scientific study there were psychologist that developed four principles of effect which were called Risk principles, Criminogenic need principles, Treatment principles, and Fidelity principles. The first of the four principles of effective intervention is risk principle. Risk principles means that offenders should be provided with supervision and the treatment levels and it also mean like the risk of crime they commit. According to (Lowenkamp & Latessa 2002) “For our purpose. “risk” refers to the probably of reoffending”. Which means that it targeted high risk offender to help them not to get reoffended. That like certain offense consider low and some high. According to (Latessa 2002)” For example, in the sense that a felon poses a higher risk than a misdemeanor. I actually agree with this system we need to pay a lot more attention to the offender that are more higher risk then all the others. Because to me I feel that they don’t get the help they will do it again. The second principle the criminogenic need principle are attributes of the offender that are directly link to criminal behavior. For example criminogenic is addiction to like alcohol or drug and if your caught drinking while driving they send you to jail but, when you get our...
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...to 0.85% GDP, $50bn a year for the treatment of smoking related diseases, in addition to an annual $47bn in lost earnings and productivity. Smoking related fires cause about £151m of damage each year in England and Wales. 4. Cost effectiveness of cessation programs: Clear evidence exists that smoking cessation interventions are effective. Face to face cessation interventions provide excellent value for money compared with other medical interventions. Cessation program tends to be more effective as its intensity increases; increased intensity is associated with increased costs, therefore increasing both sides of the cost effectiveness ratio. In the United Kingdom Using PREVENT simulation model which includes four interventions: a basic intervention of three minutes of opportunistic brief advice; brief advice plus self help material; brief advice plus self help material and nicotine replacement products; and brief advice plus self help material. The most cost effective intervention was the brief advice alone, in US the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s clinical guidelines found the most intensive interventions were calculated to be more cost effective than the briefer therapies. Therefor carful consideration of time and country specific are highly dependent on the healthcare system in question. 5. Pharmacological interventions: by using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or bupropion therapy, Bupropion does seem more cost effective than...
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...of healthcare services as a delivery platform for improving populations overall health is comprised of two separate delivery methods, One being self-care the foundation of which rests on building an empathetic relationship so that the client gains trust during the treatment process. People who have friends and strong family support who play an active role in managing the issues of loved ones who suffer from SUD tend to fare better than their counterparts who do not. Another key element in self-care is the peer community. Peer-run communities provide education and behavioral interventions by recovering addicts who are trained in self-care techniques. However, informal community care is NOT a substitute for publicly funded evidenced-based...
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...examine the four general principles of effective intervention that have become organizing concepts of community corrections and overview how this has contributed to the strengths and weaknesses of the Probation practice as a "method of operation". Finally it will give some recommendations which could address the current weaknesses and build on the highlighted strengths. The “what works” movement was developed in the 1980s and formalized in 1990. The 'What Works' movement has been used with increasing success to assess and rehabilitate criminals all around the world. It is based...
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...evaluation where various health outcomes are integrated besides to cost for each intervention, but there is no overall assessment of quality of life [1]. It is a form of Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) which does not integrate all of the costs and benefits into the same unit; rather, it stands on different types of benefits that are not measurable in the same monetary terms [2]. This type of analysis accumulates costs for two or more options, whereas, the consequences are collected as multiple of outcomes pertaining to the two options, but measured to different extent [3]. Principle of CCA Before understanding the principle of CCA, firstly, we should have a clear understanding...
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