...Trends and Issues in Victimology Trends and Issues in Victimology Edited by Natti Ronel, K. Jaishankar and Moshe Bensimon Trends and Issues in Victimology, Edited by Natti Ronel, K. Jaishankar and Moshe Bensimon This book first published 2008 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2008 by Natti Ronel, K. Jaishankar and Moshe Bensimon and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-0069-4, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-0069-3 TO THE VICTIMS OF TERRORISM AND VIOLENCE. LET US PRAY THAT EXPANDING THE RIGHT KNOWLEDGE INTO THE RIGHT HANDS WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE ATTENUATION OF HUMAN EVIL AND CONSEQUENT SUFFERING. TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ..................................................................................................... x Gerd F. Kirchhoff Editors’ Introduction ................................................................................... 1 Between perception and victimization: Trends and issues in victimology Natti Ronel, K. Jaishankar & Moshe Bensimon Part I: Justice for victims Chapter One.....................
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...MAJOR ISSUES AND TRENDS IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT I. COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING/COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN * It is the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of workpieces. * It also refers to the use of a computer to assist in all operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning, management, transportation and storage. * Its primary purpose is to create a faster production process and components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption. * It is a subsequent computer-aided process after computer-aided design (CAD) and sometimes computer-aided engineering (CAE), as the model generated in CAD and verified in CAE can be input into CAM software, which then controls the machine tool CAD / Computer-Aided Design Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer programs to create two- or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) graphical representations of physical objects. CAD software may be specialized for specific applications. CAD is widely used for computer animation and special effects in movies, advertising, and other applications where the graphic design itself is the finished product. CAD is also used to design physical products in a wide range of industries, where the software performs calculations for determining an optimum shape...
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...Executive Summary The United States continues to spend significantly more on health care than any country in the world; however, even though with this statistic the United States has a lot of uninsured and does not have the healthiest citizens. The lack of universal healthcare coverage in the United States has been a forefront issue. With the overwhelming amount of uninsured Americans and the past unsuccessful efforts of health care reform, the possibility of universal health care seemed to be very unlikely. The new healthcare reform bill that was recently passed under Obama’s administration anticipates covering 30 more million of the uninsured (Riegelman, 2010). However, this bill does not offer universal healthcare. While excellent medical care is available in the United States, the rising cost and the U.S. health care delivery system present many challenges for the consumer and lawmakers. This paper addresses four dimensions that are pivotal to the successes and failures of the system: cost, efficiency, quality. The cost of the U.S. health care system is higher than any country in the world. Its efficiency is also under heavy scrutiny. If it were not an emergency most physicians would require insurance verification. Therefore, patients would be delayed of treatment. Moreover, The healthcare system in the U.S. should be redesigned in terms of prevention rather than treatment when people are already sick. Insurance should not go higher for people that have pre-existing conditions...
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...Distributed Memory Management: Design Issues and Future Trends Ehab S. Al-Shaer College of Computer Science Northeastern University Boston, MA 02115 March 19, 1993 ABSTRACT In recent times the shared memory paradigm has received considerable attention in the realm of distributed systems. Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) is the abstraction for supporting the notion of shared memory in a physically non-shared (distributed) architecture. Issues to be addressed in the design and implementation of DSM include maintaining the consistency of the shared data across the network without incurring high overhead and integrating the DSM mechanisms with the local memory management. The consistency model provided by a given DSM implementation attempts to balance performance and ease of programming: while DSM provides the abstraction of shared memory, it is not true shared memory - both from the point of view of the semantics and the cost of shared memory access. The focus of this paper is to identify the issues involved in the design of DSM systems, briefly highlight the mechanisms in use by some current DSM implementations and propose some new DSM models for future distributed systems. I INTRODUCTION As computers become cheaper, there is increasing interest in using multiple CPUs to speed up individual applications. There are basically two design approaches to achieve this goal of high performance at low cost: multiprocessors and multicomputers. Multiprocessors contain...
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...Marketing Issues Related to Marketing Trends And Emerging Themes GROUPON : Prepared By: SARI NONG WAHAYU BINTI MD YUSUP (2012287679) NURLIYANA BINTI SHAFIE (2012997563) CAESARLINDA ANAK PETER (2012918983) ROSELIZA BINTI ZAINY (2009658114) Prepared For: MDM NORAIDA OMAR ISSUES IN MARKETING MKT 658 TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE | PAGE | Background | 1 | GROUPON | 2 | Marketing Trends and Emerging Themes | 3 - 4 | * Advantages | 5 | * Disadvantages | 6 | Conclusion | 7 | References | 8 | BACKGROUND Introduction. Changes in the marketing field today happen in a very fast rate. This day will never be the same as yesterday and the day before. Tomorrow will come with different challenges today. And in business, to pursue a strategy without improvements could pose a risk to the business itself. Thus, to ensure the success of a business, traders should take some certainty: * Global power will continue to have an impact on everybody's business and personal life * Technology will continue to grow and amaze us * There will be a continuous push towards deregulation of economic sectors All three of these certainty; globalization, technological advances, and deregulation - which refers to unlimited opportunities, however, what marketing is and what should be done with issues like this? Marketing is closely linked with the identification of human and social needs. Among the shortest definition of marketing is "meeting...
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...Local, State and Federal Police Organization Management Issue Trends CJA/394 Local, State and Federal Police Organization Management Issue Trends As Robinson (2009) reveals, policing has dramatically changed within the last three decades. While the majority of departments and officers (Robinson, 2009), reportedly 75% serve local towns and cities and thereby comprise a tier of the local government, these departments have been increasingly challenged to meet the changing needs of the community, the political directives and do so in ways that serve all the stakeholders. Understandably, differences exist among departments relative to their size, their organizational structures, communication methods, levels of community interaction and technology use (Shevory, 2003; Roberg et.al., 2003). Balancing budgets, attracting, hiring and retaining qualified personnel, maintaining organizational culture and assuring the organization upholds honesty and integrity also inform managerial responsibilities (Roberg et.al., 2003). Within a changing landscape, one in which the media, the public, economic and political demands shift considerably, police management fulfills both intermediary and leadership roles (Roberg et.al., 2003). As it does, it struggles to achieve legitimacy in the eyes of the public, the eyes of the department, the eyes of the legal sector and the governmental one (Mastrofski, 2007). Charged with public safety, community policing, and crime-control, the...
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...Current trends in maritime shipping today and the latest Issues faced by shipping industry Contents Page Introduction 2 Trends • Containerization 2-3 • Green Logistics 3-4 • Intermodalism 4-6 • Freight rate 6-7 • Tanker (ship) 7-9 Issues • Piracy 10-11 • Pollution 12-13 • Bunker fuel price increase 13-14 • Shortage of container 15-16 ...
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...My Reactions On: CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES AND GREEN OPPORTUNITIES A. The Report Content, Organization And Presentation The topic of “Current issues, concerns, trends, challenges and opportunities of running an offshore business” specifically on the “Climate change issues and green opportunities” interests me as a topic for this reaction paper because for the past years now, the world has given much attention to this issue. Businessmen now are very concerned on how to transcend and adopt to green opportunities which is the trend right now since consumers are also very much conscious on the effect of greenhouse emissions and global warming to their health and to mother nature. The topic stimulates more my interest because I want to be aware on how companies advance on an climate-friendly business models, and operations which will result to eco-friendly products and services which are of course appropriate to the climate of the location of their businesses. B. The Relevance And Applicability Of This Report In My Life and In My Environment At Present And In The Future. This report is very relevant to me because it made me become more aware on the effects of climate change not only to myself, to the environment, but also to the business sector on what it can do to the future of the economy. As an individual, at present I might not be that concern on what the effects of climate change would be, but I cannot hide nor deny it that there is really an effect. In addition, the topic...
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...dramatically since it was first brought to the thirteen colonies from England. However, some of the issues faced then are being faced in policing today. There are also new trends that are prevalent, and these trends will continue to have lasting effects on the future of policing. Even though new trends improve policing overall, they can also cause more serious issues. It is crucial to continue making changes topolicing because it allows law enforcement officers to keep up with the rest of society, including the knowledge of new crime trends. This paper will describe the current trends and issues in policing and analyze possible solutions to improve policing tactics. One trend currently affecting policing is police-community relations. There is a strong emphasis now on community policing, which promotes trust and better relationships between police officers and community members, and less on the militaristic style (Stephens, 2005). Improving police-community relations not only accents the importance of diversity, but it reduces prejudice and discrimination by officers. Community policing helps build trust between the police and community members by relying on citizens to help fight crime. Hence, it is a type of proactive policing (Walker & Katz, 2011). By relying on citizens, police officers have a better chance at preventing and reducing crimes within a community. Another trend currently affecting policing is utilizing many different types of patrol. These forms of patrol...
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...been marked by substantial changes throughout time, the work of modern-day police officers and officials demonstrate some of the most substantial adaptations to its surrounding environment that the field has ever seen. In order to understand where the future of policing is heading, it is important to first understand these current trends that are affecting the current landscape of the profession. By doing so, some foreseeable critical issues that may affect policing in the future can be identified, and potential changes can then be proposed and implemented to effectively address these critical issues. Perhaps the most important current trends in policing are those that affect the operational aspects of its crime fighting function. The first and foremost trend amongst this group has been the development of intelligence-led policing, which at its most basic, deals with the “identification of specific criminal activities or specific criminal populations and targeted enforcement against the highest-risk crimes or criminals to achieve overall reduction in the impact of crime in a community” (Wallentine, 2009, para. 2). Within this broadly encompassing trend have come a few important changes affecting police departments across the nation. One is that many police agencies have begun to incorporate professional intelligence analysts into their ranks, a brand new position for most departments and one whose importance will likely continue to grow in the years to come (Wallentine, 2009)...
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...Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 1 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation December 10, 2012 CJA/394 Troy Hokanson Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation 2 Introduction The criminal justice system is very important to American society. The reason for laws are to defend society from harm, make certain each person is safe as well as to be treated fairly. The criminal justice system labors to defend the guiltless and to discipline the guilty without putting at risk an individual’s rights.This paper will evaluate the future of the criminal justice system as well as the past and present trends in the interface between components of the criminal justice system. Furthermore, it will identify contemporary issues that are affecting the criminal justice system as well as the value of the criminal justice system as society changes. Seeing that society is advancing, the criminal justice system must also change. The need for new laws are apparent in order to continue with advancement and new trends in society. However, new trends and contemporary issues can have an immediate influence on the various operations of the criminal justice system. These include, advancing technology, sentencing, and the death sentence. All of these have huge effects on the criminal justice...
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...Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation The following essay will discuss the past, present, and future trends connecting societies and the components of the criminal justice system, and reveal how influential these trends can be to the surrounding society. The opinions of this essay will involve an assessment of recent trends, future trends, and contemporary issues affecting the criminal justice system, which will be identified and evaluated. The main point of this essay is to prove that the criminal justice system has a value in a high-speed, ever-so-changing, technology driven society. Past, Present, and Future Trends The past, present, and future trends that form the boundaries between the components of the criminal justice system and their connections surrounding the community is truly a genuine relationship formed by the law and society. Trends, whether past, present, or future have an effect on the criminal justice system because trends much like fads change quickly, and the criminal justice system must succeed and put every effort into keeping up with these trends and the innovative crimes that are created. If one were asked to describe and explain the connections that involve the criminal justice system and crime trends, it would be a difficult task because crime does not have consistent trends or patterns, which can result in one thinking it is a crime trend because these trends can begin and end in an instant (Rosenfeld & Goldberger...
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...Business Communication Trend Paper Edward C. Johnson COM/285 Gary Lee August 10, 2010 “In a professional setting, everything that you do involves communication” (Locker & Kienzler). Therefore, it is important to understand that “communication is for the sharing of information among partners and co-workers” (Locker & Kienzler). However, the most common way to achieving success is to throw away egos and work together as a team, for the challenges within business communication. This paper will discuss the roles of business communication and how they fit into day-to-day work activities and discussing how it helps to manage daily work activities. This paper will continue to analyze what trends are seen in the current workplace or past workplaces. Nevertheless, the paper will discuss some of the message types seen as results to these trends. Consequently, the reader will have a general concept of how important trends are in business. Communication is essential in many forms, from verbal to nonverbal in the world of business today. The internal and external audience in business organizations is the people who make a business successful. The types of business communication trends in the field as a health care provider occurs on a day-to-day activity on my job is “teamwork, balancing work and family, quality and customer needs, security versus privacy, job flexibility, and technology” (Locker & Kienzler, 2008). Communicating through teamwork help ensure that the tasks are done...
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...Quality JobbersWorld is a Petroleum Trends International, Inc. publication. JobbersWorld conducted a survey last month examining the perceptions of its readers with regards to the quality of lubricants in the US market. The survey comprised seven closed‐ and open‐ended questions. Although we received well over 500 responses to the survey, this report presents data on the 373 complete responses to the survey. Below are the results and observations of the survey. Demographics It’s important to recognize that JobbersWorld is a publication that specifically targets lubricant distributors. As such, the demographic reflect this bias with 54% of the responses coming from lubricant distributors. Independent lubricant manufacturers (ILM) account for 23% of the responses, as shown in Figure 1. What best describes your company's business activity: Figure 1 Distribution of Respondents 13% 23% 6% 2% 1% 54% Note: Does not add to 100% due to rounding. . COPYRIGHT © 2009 PETROLEUM TRENDS INTERNATIONAL, INC. Page 1 Quality Do you feel there is an issue with low quality and/or off‐spec lubricants in the market? Eighty five percent (85%) of the total say “yes” there is an issue with low quality and/or off‐spec lubricant in the market. Only 15% say there is not, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Do you feel there is an issue with low quality and/or off spec lubricants in the market? No: 15% Yes: 85% Source: Petroleum Trends International, Inc. Interestingly...
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...Guide to Individual Case Preparation Case Notes Template The following outline and question areas are intended as a guide to your thinking for case preparation. Some question areas, as noted, are required for each case, while others are relevant only for selected cases, depending on the content and focus of the case. You may use this template to guide your preparation of your individual notes on assigned cases. If your notes are handwritten, rather than typed, they must be submitted as photocopies as evidence you have prepared your notes before class. I. Current Situation A. Current Performance (required) How has the organization performed in recent years in terms of return on investment, market share, and profitability? (This section must be based on and present evidence of your conduct of appropriate numerical analyses of the firm’s market and financial performance i.e. ratio analyses and/or change (and percentage change) over time in key market and financial measures over time.) Your task is to conduct analyses and discover possible problems facing the company, not to just present data. What are the organization’s current mission, objectives, strategies and policies? B. Corporate Governance Who are the Board of Directors and what is their level of involvement in strategic management? C. Top Management What person or group constitutes top management? Have they established a systematic approach to strategic management? Are strategic decisions made...
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