Premium Essay

Trust Rank

In:

Submitted By tianlan
Words 10145
Pages 41
Combating Web Spam with TrustRank
Zolt´ n Gy¨ ngyi a o
Stanford University Computer Science Department Stanford, CA 94305 zoltan@cs.stanford.edu

Hector Garcia-Molina
Stanford University Computer Science Department Stanford, CA 94305 hector@cs.stanford.edu

Jan Pedersen
Yahoo! Inc. 701 First Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94089 jpederse@yahoo-inc.com

Abstract
Web spam pages use various techniques to achieve higher-than-deserved rankings in a search engine’s results. While human experts can identify spam, it is too expensive to manually evaluate a large number of pages. Instead, we propose techniques to semi-automatically separate reputable, good pages from spam. We first select a small set of seed pages to be evaluated by an expert. Once we manually identify the reputable seed pages, we use the link structure of the web to discover other pages that are likely to be good. In this paper we discuss possible ways to implement the seed selection and the discovery of good pages. We present results of experiments run on the World Wide Web indexed by AltaVista and evaluate the performance of our techniques. Our results show that we can effectively filter out spam from a significant fraction of the web, based on a good seed set of less than 200 sites.

creation of a large number of bogus web pages, all pointing to a single target page. Since many search engines take into account the number of incoming links in ranking pages, the rank of the target page is likely to increase, and appear earlier in query result sets. Just as with email spam, determining if a page or group of pages is spam is subjective. For instance, consider a cluster of web sites that link to each other’s pages repeatedly. These links may represent useful relationships between the sites, or they may have been created with the express intention of boosting the rank of each other’s pages. In general, it is

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Unit 13 P3

...Skills | Qualities | Communication Effective terminology Correct body language Speak loud and clear Listen to others | A good exampleEmpathy DeterminationBravery Confidence HonestyDecisiveness Trust Discipline Loyalty Discipline Loyalty MoraleRegardMotivationMental ability unit 13 p3 Skills Specialist With the world turning out to be more innovative our strengths will have the absolute most propel hardware which will help them from multiple points of view. High positioning officers would utilize innovation with the goal that they can settle on choices and get ready fight arranges which might or not work but rather at any rate we can advise if something is to be changed. A sample for the naval force the skipper and fighting officer can draw up a procedure based off the data that they would have from operations technician, who'd have attempted to pinpoint the where about of the foe ship, same with air ships and submarines then send data by PCs. Technical It is ludicrous to have the leaders posture with all the technical skills anyway it is vital that they can manage circumstances by approaching others with important skills. The motivation to why somebody would need expert abilities is on the grounds that then they wouldn't be as helpless or the administration wouldn't. Individual qualities: Good example – somebody that others would gaze upward to for positive reasons since they've enlivened them to be similar to them or something in view of the appreciation and...

Words: 751 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Right To Lead Assessment Model Essay

...Looking back on Module 6, Leadership and Followership I believe ‘Trust’ within the Right to Lead Assessment Model is the most important concept. When trust is low, in a work center or in a relationship whether it is a subordinate and supervisor (leader) situation or between one peer leading another, it places a veiled "tax" on every interaction. Every communication, interaction, plan, every decision is taxed, bringing down the speed at which work is accomplished and hindering mission effectiveness significantly. Trust is hard to measure; however, my experience is that distrust in a leader doubles the effort of doing a project and triples the time it takes to get things done. For example, one of my previous senior non-commissioned officers had established very little respect from her subordinates. After...

Words: 602 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Est1 Task 1

...example of Company Q’s lack of social responsibility is the demand for healthy organic products in their store. The customers have demanded organic products for years and when they do place these items in their store they are limited and are marked with high margin’s making it nearly impossible to afford. There are three areas that Company Q can improve regarding the company’s attitude towards Social Responsibilities. First Company Q can stock more healthy organic products at lower prices; this will greatly draw in more customers and rank up their sales by more sales of the products. Second Company Q can implement a procedure to donate day old products instead of trashing it all away. They can set up an organized process that is managed by supervisors to ease the donation process and limiting theft problems. This is will help the less fortunate people in the community. Third Company Q can comply with the ethical employment laws and place trust in all their employees. If employees don’t feel trusted at work this greatly affects their work performance. Trusting the employee’s greatly benefits the...

Words: 286 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Swot Analysis

...Company A | Company B | Company C | PRICE | | 53% | | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | AGE | | 24% | X | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | IDEAL POSITION | | 16% | | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | RELIABILITY | | 7% | | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | | STEP 5 | (Ranking: Competitive Standing) | | Your Company | Company A | Company B | Company C | | 1.59 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 0.53 | = | 0.24 | 0.72 | 0.96 | 0.48 | | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.32 | | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.07 | | 2.22 | 2.08 | 2.48 | 1.4 | | | | | | | | | | | Our company, Baldwin, ranks in 3rd in meeting the costumer’s buying criteria. Company C and Company A are ahead of us, while Company B is last. We will address this issue by bettering our prices, age, ideal position and reliability for Low-End segment. Lowering our cost of the products, investing in research and development, upgrading technology and reliability are some of the many ways in remedying our rank in the costumer’s buying criteria. Once we earn rank 1 in the costumer’s buying criteria, we will maintain this position by always being a step ahead of our competitors. Some of the many ways are investing in marketing and offering better prices. We can further improve our strengths to take advantage of the opportunities in the segment and defend against the competitors by increasing our automation, which will lead to a lower cost in making the product, purchasing more capacity, which will ensure that we will not lose the demand that we could have captured. Due to avoiding...

Words: 466 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Questionnaire

...Ranking List of Priorities General topic: Time Management Broad topic: Prioritizing Specific topic: Problems of teens in prioritizing Sub topics: 1. Common priorities 2. Common problems 3. How to overcome the problem that he/she will encounter in prioritizing Questions 1. Given a maximum of 30 seconds, rank your priorities: Family | | Education | | Friends | | Money | | Relationship | | Social Media | | Fangirling | | Religion | | 2. What is/are your basis in ranking your priorities? *Why did you make that first priority of yours as your main priority? *Why did you make that least priority of yours as your last priority? 3. How will you know if you are prioritizing something? *Are you spending a lot of time for it? *Are you thinking often about it? *Are you stressing yourself too much for it? 4. Did you feel somehow pressured in answering given that you have only 30 seconds? Why or why not? *Look back at your answers; did you feel any regret in ranking? If no, why not? If yes, what could be preferred in ranking your priorities? 5. Did you ever feel stressed in prioritizing? *If yes, what caused you to be stressed? *Are you stressed because you don’t know how to choose which one should be done first? *Did you ever experience spending a lot of time thinking of what should be done first that you already wasted a lot of time instead of just dong the task? 6. How do you balance your time for your priorities? *Do...

Words: 348 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Rokeach Values Survey

...Rokeach Values Survey After completing the Rokeach Values Survey, I think my results may be slightly comparable to others’ assessment results. For those who have high spiritual values, then they like me would rank Salvation as #1. Someone who may not be as concerned about their souls (per say) would not rank Salvation #1. Someone who has Salvation ranked lower on their assessment may knowingly commit sin on a daily basis and not care. They may not be concerned with taking the necessary actions to have a saved, eternal life. Even though I and someone else may not score Salvation the same does not mean we cannot interact with one another. We may not hang out together (i.e. going to clubs) we may have other things in common such as sports or maybe politics. Another summarization of someone scoring different than myself would be ranking Pleasure #7. As much as I enjoy a leisurely life, I believe work comes first. If you work hard you can play hard. Someone else may believe play hard now and work hard later. I believe that this person and I could possibly learn from each other even though are rankings are different. Sometimes working hard can lead to stress, unnecessary stress. If I interact with the person who ranks Pleasure higher, they can possibly show me how to relieve some of that stress by putting my work aside and letting my hair down. I in turn can show them that if they work a little harder they can play a little harder. In regards to “Instrumental...

Words: 553 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

The Investment Detective

...Questions:     1.     Can  you  rank  the  projects  simply  by  inspecting  the  cash  flows?   2.     What  criteria  might  you  use  to  rank  the  projects?  Which  quantitative  ranking  methods  are  better?  Why?   3.     What   is   the   ranking   you   found   by   using   quantitative   methods?   Does   this   ranking   differ   from   the   ranking   obtained   by   simply   inspection  of  the  cash  flows?   4.     What  kinds  of  real  investment  projects  have  cash  flows  similar  to  the  cash  flow  below?     Project  Cash  Flows     Project  Number   Initial  Investment   (In  thousands  of  dollars)   Year                                                                                                                                   1   ($2.000,00)       $330,00     $330,00     $330,00     $330,00     $330,00     $330,00     $330,00     $1.000,00                     ...

Words: 1627 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Unit 8 Journal 3

...Group Theory Unit 8, Journal 2 – Managing Conflict See also the section on Conflict as a Mutual Problem, pages 372-385 Describe a situation from your life for each of the following 4 scenarios that demonstrates the difference between the following: 1. Issues versus Personalities One instance that I can recall pertaining to this scenario is while on active duty deployment to Spain I was given a task with zero specific direction on how to accomplish said task. Now to explain why this is important, the task could have been accomplish 3 different ways, the easy way which took less time and people to accomplish, the in between area which is easy but takes a little more time because you pay a little more attention to certain tasks, and the best way, which isn’t ideal because we didn’t have the number of people required, the amount of equipment needed or the extra materials needed. The work being done was necessary but repairing it vs destruction and construction of a new one was less costly and more logical. The chief was having a bad day so when I asked him he just screamed “Work with what you got!” So did the less costly method and repaired the structure. Chief decided it was the wrong way and when I asked him why he didn’t tell me that in the beginning he wrote me up for insubordination. Chiefs personality interfered with his ability to give me accurate operational orders causing me to do the task the proper way but not exactly how he wanted. 2. Interests versus...

Words: 706 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Team Chart Analysis

...Analysis of Team Charter Week three collaboration between team C members resulted in interesting similarities and difference between team members in reference to personality types, listening skills, and trust level. Post the self assessment offered by Prentice Hall through the University of Phoenix; each team member got a better understanding of his / her team member strength and weaknesses, knowing that based on the self assessment there are no such “right” answer and neither extreme better than the other. The personality different types for team C can be summarized as follows: 1. xxxxxxxxxxxxxx = ENFJ 2. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz = ENTJ 3. eeeeeeeeeee = ENTJ 4. rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr = ENTJ “ENTJ = is outgoing, visionary, argumentative, have low tolerance for incompetence, and often seen as a natural leader. As far career the survey lists; possible career as a manager, management trainer, stockholder, lawyer, chemical engineer, or police officer. ENFJ = is charismatic, compassionate, and highly persuasive. Possible career as a TV producer, fundraiser, drama teacher, or health adviser”. How often that; it works to have 75% of team members personalities are similar; we have three members (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx) earned type ENTJ in the Prentice Hall Self-Assessment and one team member ) earned different type ENFJ. The mix is not equivalent to experience different personalities; however, having the same personalities is a challenging factor...

Words: 651 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Anittrust Laws

...International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business Abstract In this assignment, we will review two scenarios of business practices and how these practices influence consumers. We will also explore antitrust laws and the fact that they were established to protect consumers and businesses from anti-competitive business practices. The foundation of a dynamic economy is free and open trade. The benefits of lower prices and higher quality products or services is done through aggressive competition. To maintain this dynamic economy the United States Congress established and passed the first antitrust law. This law was named the Sherman Act of 1890. Two other antitrust laws have been passed since. In 1914 the Federal Trade Commission Act was created by the Federal Trade Commission and the Clayton Act. These laws are still in effect. The antitrust laws were created to promote competition that is dynamic and to protect consumers from mergers that would create anticompetitive business practices. These laws are enforced by the Federal Trade Commission working with the Bureau of Economics. (Guide to Antitrust Laws, 2015) The Sherman Act banishes any monopolization or attempts thereof. The Supreme Court decided long ago that this act doesn't prohibit every restraint of trade. I only prohibits those that are unreasonable. For example, two people that may want to form a partnership may restrain trade but this is not considered unreasonable. Examples of illegal...

Words: 1723 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Rockefeller's Personal and Business Ethics

...3. Standard Oil violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by directly attempt to restrain trade by using the drawbacks within their agreements with the railroad companies. In addition, they also break laws with their price wars and competitor buyouts. Through these means they were attempting to monopolize the oil trade and commerce in the United States. In my opinion, just because Standard Oil was violating the law does not mean that Rockefeller was act unethically. Weather Standard oil was a monopoly or not, the more important question is, were the practices of the Standard Oil efficient and did it hurt the social wealth of the country? Rockefeller took advantage of his economies of scale in order to deliver the products cheaper to the consumer. The consumer benefits from the price wars that Rockefeller engaged in. They received extremely low prices during the war and afterwards despite a small raise in the price, Rockefeller would not raise the price too high as to not attract new competition. This reduction in prices contributed the greater social wealth of the country. Rockefeller’s purchase of the refineries also produced positive results. Those former refiners who were entrepreneurs had this buyout money and could move on to other ventures. This would free up their capital and to help move out the production possibilities of the nation. This obviously would increase social wealth and lifestyle of the country. I do not think contradiction exists between...

Words: 297 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Antitrust Practices and Market Power

...Dentsply International and Market Power Ashley Davis DeVry University Dentsply International and Market Power The Congress passed antitrust laws in effort to protect competition in the market, as well as consumers whom are the ultimate recipients in the market (Novak, 2007). The case that will be discussed in this paper will be a company that was found guilty of violating section 2 of the Sherman Act, which focuses on people that are trying to monopolize the market for their own benefit, or someone that is trying to get complete control within an area of the economy. With the Sherman Antitrust Act in place, monopolization is very illegal and the act tries to prevent it from happening and protect competitors in the market (Novak, 2007). Dentsply International is a company that makes dental products, but their main product sold is false teeth. The company sells product in over 100 countries, so it is a very large company. The company sells its products to dealers, who then sell the false teeth and other products to dental labs. These labs then distribute the product to dentists with the supplies they need. If you don't include false teeth, the company supplies buyers with millions of dollars of products and dominated the artificial teeth market since they had close to 80 percent of the market share at the time they were being sued (Novak, 2007). Dentsply told their dealers that they had tell sell their supplies and deal primarily with them. When the Dentsply did that...

Words: 549 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Small Business & Antitrust Laws

...Small Business & Antitrust Laws Andrew Paul Danecki DeVry University Small Business & Antitrust Laws It may seem like in the United States that the free-market is a bit cutthroat and everyone is out for their own best interests.  The U.S. is best described to have a mostly capitalist economy, and there are a handful of laws to allow growing businesses to have a fair chance to compete against other companies of the similar market.  Antitrust laws, protection against monopoly, and laws pertaining to certain mergers are just to name a few.  These laws are important, and extremely effective at protecting the small and growing businesses.  It was not perfect at first, of course, but has adapted to cover a handful of loopholes. When you think of a monopoly, what normally comes to mind?  That good, old classic board game made by Hasbro.  That’s what I think of when that word comes in mind.  And just like in the game, you try to dominate the board and be the only player left.  The same goes for that word in the market world, which actually is illegal since the Sherman Antitrust Law was enacted in 1890.  A monopoly is when a single company has solid control over the market with a particular product or service.  Congress passed this first antitrust law as a “comprehensive charter of economic liberty aimed at preserving free and unfettered competition as the rule of trade” (The Antitrust Laws, n.d.).  The last two laws were passed shortly later, and all three of these laws...

Words: 1035 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Egt1 Task 3

...A. Sherman Act (1890) is meant to prevent activities that a business may do that the federal government regulators believe to be anticompetitive. The Act maintains that the federal government is to examine and track trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation. It was the first federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies. (Sherman Antitrust Act, 2014) Clayton Act provides clarification to the Sherman Act of 1890. It is meant to encourage competition with businesses within the United States, discourage formation of monopolies, and prohibit price discrimination, price fixing and unfair business practices. (Clayton Antitrust Act, 2014) Robinson-Patman Act (1936) prohibits a business from selling the same item to one company for a different price while selling the same item to another company for a different price. This protects smaller businesses by limiting the large company's ability to command discriminatory discounts through its purchasing power. (Robinson-Patman Act, 2014) Federal Trade Commission Act enforces the other three antitrust laws by preventing unfair competition and deceptive practices. This act discourages businesses from entering into unlawful competition. B1. Industrial regulation deals with the government regulation of a business pricing in certain markets. It helps to decrease the control of oligopolies, prevent conspiracy and increase competition among companies. This regulation helps the consumer know that oligopoly...

Words: 780 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Case Studys

...Paper 5 The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational failures and trust repair BY GRAHAM DIETZ AND NICOLE GILLESPIE Published by the Institute of Business Ethics Occasional Paper 5 Authors Dr Graham Dietz is a Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour at Durham University, UK. His research focuses on trust repair after organisational failures, as well as trust-building across cultures. Together with his co-author on this report, his most recent co-edited book is Organizational Trust: A cultural perspective (Cambridge University Press). Dr Nicole Gillespie is a Senior Lecturer in Management at the University of Queensland, Australia. Her research focuses on building, repairing and measuring trust in organisations and across cultural and professional boundaries. In addition, Nicole researches in the areas of leadership, teams and employee engagement. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the contact persons in the featured organisations for their comments on an earlier draft of this Paper. The IBE is particularly grateful to Severn Trent and BAE Systems for their support of this project. All rights reserved. To reproduce or transmit this book in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, please obtain prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Recovery of Trust: Case studies of organisational...

Words: 16669 - Pages: 67