..."visible saint" judged by her puritian establishment. In the Massachusetts colony it was not ok for you to have your own opinion on religion as Anne Hutchinson did, you were looked upon as a "trouble maker" or "outspoken person" therefore subject to bannishment from the colony as Hutchinson was in 1637. Henry VII - He established the Tudor Dynasty lasting from 1484 to 1603, became the king of England had himself declared head of the Church of England in 1534. During his rule royal revenue increased by him selling confiscated land from the Catholic church England's land-owning elite. John Winthrop - A 29yr old Oxford trained attorney and first governor of the Massachusetts colony in the mid 1600's. His faith leadership kept the puritans in his colony in the church and for the most part out of any trouble. Wouldn't hesitate to bannish "trouble makers" or outspoken individuals from the colony. Bacon's Rebellion - The Virginia planters in the outlying areas in 1776 lead by Nathaniel Bacon. Planetrs in this area would aquire more lands by forcing and killing Indians off their lands. They had asked the leaders in Jamestown to form an expidetion against the Indians, when they were not suported they formed their own army of 500 men. The only thing that this accomplished was a way for everyone to seek lower labor costs, bringing in more black slaves. Salem Witchcraft Trials - Between Janurary and April of 1692 people in Salem Village were diagnosed of having been touched...
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...Literature Before 1865 14 February 2012 Puritan Ideology: Irresistible Grace Puritanism was a group of practices and principles that created reforms in doctrine and religion. The basic Puritan beliefs were founded on the TULIP concept. It is an acronym that stands for: Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace, and Perseverance of the saints. There are also other beliefs outside of TULIP, such as typology, manifest destiny, and backsliding. However, a principle that was focused on by John Winthrop and Jonathan Edwards is irresistible grace. It makes the assertion that God’s grace is freely given; it cannot be earned or denied. Grace is recognized as the saving and transfiguring power of God. Winthrop’s “A Model of Christian Charity” and Edward’s “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” are effective examples of literature that shows irresistible grace. John Winthrop, along with many other people from Europe, came to America to establish the “city on the hill” idea of religion. While being the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, he felt that it was his duty to remind the people of their purpose for coming to America. He envisioned a society that practiced God’s teaching and that was based on His ideas. By creating this religious community, the Puritans would be an illustration showing everyone else how to live the way that God wanted. In his sermon, “A Model of Christian Charity,” he tells the Puritans that their success would greatly depend...
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...without, all was gone except my life and I knew not but the next moment might go too.”(Edmund, 19) These were the words of Mary Rowlandson, a woman taken into captivity after Native Americans raided her colony, tortured and murdered the people of the land, and took Mary and a few others and turned them into slaves. Mary’s life was spared because she possessed the skill of sewing, and often sewed and knitted the Indians clothing. During her captivity she analyzed the way the Native Americans socialized and lived their everyday lives. The two worlds were polar opposites, and the way Native American women were treated was much different to the beliefs of Puritan ideology. Indian women even led army groups as large as 300 people; they were considered very strong. The women considered Mary to be weak, and treated her as such. In the Puritan world woman’s power was non-existent, and believes the women were around to serve the man, and their opinions and thoughts were not valued. “It was a solemn sight to see so many Christians lying in their blood, some here and some there, like a company of sheep torn by wolves. All of them striped naked by a company of hell-hounds, roaring, singing, ranting, and insulting, as if they would have torn our hearts out.”(Rowlandson, 9-10) While many of her townspeople were tortured and slaughtered, Mary was one of the few who survived and taken into captivity. Forced to be a slave to the Indians, she spent most of her time sewing clothing for them, also...
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...Difference between Puritan and Separatist A puritan is a person who believes that the church has fallen out of its way and continuously seeks better ways of worship. On the other hand, a separatist seeks to break away from the conventional church practice and establish new ways of worship. A common characteristic of the Puritans and the separatists is that they were protestant groups from the Church of England. However, there exist some differences between the two (Mackenal 22). The puritans came into being in the 1560s with the dissenting view that even though the English Church had reformed, it still had a lot of Catholicism. Therefore, the puritans wanted to move away from the severe forms of Catholicism and re-energize their faith and religion. On their part, the separatists also found fault with the Church of England in that it was too much of the Catholic Church, all in terms of worship and governance. Both the puritans and the separatists wanted to reform the Church of England but differed in the mode of doing the reforms. Whereas the puritans wanted to change the church from within, the separatists wanted to change the church from outside of it (Adair 67). The puritans believed that a clean heart was necessary in order to execute the will of God. They believed in the sin of recreation and they considered that it was their duty to dedicate time to God. As well, they stressed that the person to head the church should be a spiritual leader as opposed to...
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...Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self-examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of God's Grace. Because man had broken the Covenant of Works when Adam had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge, God offered a new covenant to Abraham's people which held that election to Heaven was merely a possibility. In the Puritan religion, believers dutifully recognized the negative aspects of their humanity rather than the gifts they possessed. This shadow of distrust would have a direct influence on early American New England and on many of its historians and writers, one of which was Nathaniel Hawthorne. The influence of Puritan religion, culture and education along with the setting of his hometown of Salem, Massachusetts, is a common topic in Nathaniel Hawthorne's works. In particular, Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" allows the writer to examine and perhaps provide commentary on not only the Salem of his own time but also the Salem of his ancestors. Growing up Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society, not only from residing with his father's devout Puritan family as a child but also due to Hawthorne's study of his own family history. The first of his ancestors, William Hathorne, is described in Hawthorne's "The Custom House" as arriving with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 "with his Bible and his sword" (26). A further connection can also be seen in his more notable ancestor John Hathorne, who exemplified...
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...Lincolnshire, England. Her actual birthdate is unknown, but she was baptized Anne Marbury on July 20, 1591. She was the daughter of Francis Marbury, a minister, and Bridgette Dryden-Marbury. She moved to London as a teenager, but returned to Alford when she married William Hutchinson at the age of twenty-one in 1612. Anne and William had fifteen children by 1630, losing three as infants. Women, during this time, usually didn’t have access to a formal education, but Anne was homeschooled because her parents believed their daughter should have an education. She was a natural thinker and loved to read. During her time, intellectualism was mainly theology and religion. Anne and her husband became followers of a puritan minister named John Cotton. Like many puritans, Cotton migrated to America and settled in Massachusetts. In 1634, The Hutchisons sailed to America, following Cotton. Francis Marbury, Anne’s father was a deacon at Christ Church in Cambridge. He despised the political aspects of the church and was not shy about stating his opinion at their lack of competence....
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...The witch-trial crisis of the 17th century does somewhat predict to be an outcome of the puritanical community. The puritan community has very strict religious views and the members of the community had many rules of does and don’ts that were allowed. This would be very hard for young girls to follow the rules while the temptations of the world taunted them throughout their lives. With the rules, however, the only way to cover up their mishaps would be to fake a widely growing fear of witch-craft that was very frowned upon in the puritan religion. And if you had enemies that you did not like and wanted to get rid of then all you would have to do is call witch on them and then watch them suffer as what you had done was looked over at the bigger issue at hand. The blame of superstition and paranoia does not belong to Salem, but the idea of charging someone of a crime based on fear of an unknown along with unexplained occurrence led to the crisis that killed many people. This of course would cause larger fear and paranoia because with people dying because of the accusation of being called a witch, most were worried or paranoid of what might happen if they do something that people might question as witch-craft. And whether you do something that may be considered witch craft or not then you had the chance of being accused of the crime by others that did not like you, even if they knew you had done no such a...
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...Literary Analysis Short Essay Based on the Poetry of Anne Bradstreet, the men are superior to the women in the Puritan society and women are relegated to traditional roles. Anne Bradstreet lived in the 1600’s in the British Colonies in the US with her family. She was pretty spectacular because she was a good writer, which was rare for a female at that time. Anne Bradstreet was well educated but she did not publish her work. She only wrote for herself, family and a close group of friends because she knew that it would not be a good thing for a woman to publish a book at that time. The gender role was very specific and it was only men who wrote books. “One of her closest friends, Anne Hutchinson, who was also a religious and educated woman had made the mistake of airing her views publicly, and was banished from her community”. Her writing was though published later. A family member stole actually her work and brought it to England where it was published in 1650. The book did very well in the stores. The book was about her life experiences including her relationship to her husband, family and religion. “One of the most interesting aspects of her work is the context in which she wrote; an atmosphere where the search for knowledge was frowned upon as being against God’s will, and where women are relegated to traditional roles.” And in her other Poem, “To My Dear and Loving Husband”, she manifested that her love to her husband is the biggest. She would not swap him for any material...
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...The Scarlet Letter Study Guide Published in 1850, The Scarlet Letter is considered Nathaniel Hawthorne's most famous novel--and the first quintessentially American novel in style, theme, and language. Set in seventeenth-century Puritan Massachusetts, the novel centers around the travails of Hester Prynne, who gives birth to a daughter Pearl after an adulterous affair. Hawthorne's novel is concerned with the effects of the affair rather than the affair itself, using Hester's public shaming as a springboard to explore the lingering taboos of Puritan New England in contemporary society. The Scarlet Letter was an immediate success for a number of reasons. First and foremost, the United States was still a relatively new society, less than one hundred years old at the time of the novel’s publication. Indeed, still tied to Britain in its cultural formation, Hawthorne's novel offered a uniquely American style, language, set of characters, and--most importantly--a uniquely American central dilemma. Besides entertainment, then, Hawthorne's novel had the possibility of goading change, since it addressed a topic that was still relatively controversial, even taboo. Certainly Puritan values had eased somewhat by 1850, but not enough to make the novel completely welcome. It was to some degree a career-threatening decision to center his novel around an adulterous affair (but compare the plot of Fielding's Tom Jones). But Hawthorne was not concerned with a prurient affair here, though the novel’s...
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...In three factors, the Chesapeake Bay colony and New England stood different from each other. At the start of their establishment the two colonies varied from each other in Political, Social, and Economical standpoints. However as time passed, the two colonies inevitably grew evermore closer to each other in the forging of America. Socially the two societies were diverse both in the ways they conducted themselves but also within the people there. For New England, many religious persons were naturally attracted to the land being the New England was very tolerant of all religions. There were predominately whites and their families populated there (doc 2). Families were often founded under religious ways including ideologies of Quakers, Puritans, and Catholics (doc 1). Upon the rise of the colony the Congregational church was also predominately established. In the Chesapeake, social ways were conducted much differently. To start the Chesapeake Area encompassed Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Life there was about hard work and tobacco farming. Mainly white males (farmers) lived there and owned plantations. A lot of enslaved black men worked on the plantations doing work. There were fewer families in the Chesapeake Bay Colony (doc 3). The two colonies had separate economies that were very different but both successful. The Chesapeake’s economy primarily depended upon Tobacco. Farmers grew it and sold it constantly thus making a living in the society. Alongside side...
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...Jamaica rebellion 1831\1832 Main personality : Samuel Sharpe Causes • The slaves refused to work on Christmas day of 1831 and after unless they were better treated and consideration of freedom were accepted by esstate owners and managers. • Thanks to the educational work among slaves conducted for most part by the non conformist missionaries, increasing number of slaves had learn to read and could follow report of British local events in newspaper. • Despite repeated denials, rumors were going around that freedom was about to be granted. • Many of the slaves believed that “the king had made them free” and that their freedom was being delayed by local slave owners. This belief was strong among the Baptists as they said lord and king had given them freedom but the white gentlemen in Jamaica kept it back. • Sam Sharpe could read newspapers and he heard the people at the bay talk he would then bring up all news and spread it among the negroes on the plantations. Sometimes he would bring newspapers from the bay and read m to the slaves. Course of rebellion • The plan was for the rebellion to commence on Christmas it was conceived and worked out by Sam Sharpe a Creole slave on Crydon estate in St. James. • Sam Sharpe’s plan for rebellion spread through parishes of St. James , Trelawny, St.Elizabeth ,Hanover ,Westmoreland and even Manchester. • Sam Sharpe’s plan was based on passive résistance where slaves would refuse to...
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...During the seventeenth and eighteenth century many people emigrated from England settling upon the coast of the new Americas. Throughout many expeditions, colonist have then set their own rules and regulations based on significant dogmas. As people migrated from England to the New World, contrast between the Northern and Chesapeake regions became very prevalent. The founding principles which each of these colonies were founded upon influenced many of the colonies decisions, shaping colonists views by different social, political and economic events. Which led to the cultivation of the tobacco crop, the impact of Puritanism in the Colonial Americas and William Penn. Hundreds of settlers came to the Virginia colony seeking riches. Virginia colonists needed a source of revenue to help in the development of their colony. An Englishmen named John Rolfe booked a voyage to the New World. Rolfe was able to attain seeds of tobacco to bring with him to the colony at Jamestown, where he was planning to begin growing the crop in the English colony. It was with this experiment with tobacco that the first profitable export was developed. Rolfe introduced a new sweeter form of tobacco to the colonies, which is different from the Native American variety planted around Jamestown which he found to be bitter. Virginia’s success grew greatly as Rolfe began exporting more and more tobacco. Tobacco then became the New Worlds first commodity to be internationally traded on the global market. Way before...
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...others, has called Puritan society a culture based on the principle of exclusion. With particular references to Winthrop, Edwards and historical events, discuss the evidence of this principle in Puritan life and culture. ______________________________________________ One may hear or read that the people who founded the early United States of America came to the “New World” in order to practice their religious convictions in peace and freedom, without being persecuted. They are often cited as examples. John Winthrop for instance, who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, has been quoted as a source of inspiration by numerous US presidents such as John Fitzgerald Kennedy or Ronald Reagan. Yet, one may consider that John Winthrop and Puritans in general are far from representing a tradition of tolerance and freedom. Looking at history and core principles of Puritanism, it cannot be denied that the puritans’ “city upon a hill” had more in common with a totalitarian regime than with the spirit of the Bill of Rights passed in 1789, which embodies far better the values of the United States of America. Puritans were definitely not tolerant. Their culture was based on the principle of exclusion as they did not accept any religious belief that differed from theirs, and rejected and even persecuted people who dared think and act differently from them. The Puritans’ texts available today can make one understand how intolerant Puritans were. In his famous...
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...Taylor Hammons T. Akin English 2110-101 19 February 2014 Madam Knight Mrs. Sarah Kemble Knight was born on 1666 to Thomas and Elizabeth Kemble in Boston. Sarah married a man significantly more mature in age than she, who was a sea captain as well as a London agent for an American company. Knight was considered stubborn and mildly arrogant, these conceptions of her were caused by her joy in managing peoples affairs as well as being rather ambitious for a woman of her faith but mainly her time period. With her father having passed away and her husband being abroad, she decided to run a boarding house and teach school. Benjamin Franklin as well as the Mather children were said to have attended Mrs. Knight’s school while she taught penmanship. Another of her achievements, training herself in the law, helped her be more knowledgable when it came to copying court documents and settling peoples affairs and estates. Sometime during 1706 Knight becomes a widow and decides eight years later that she will move to New London with her daughter. The last fourteen years of her life were spent running an Inn and investing in property. There is no doubt that Mrs. Knight was a highly educated woman with many goals and practically fearless. The Private Journal of Mrs. Sarah Kemble Knight was never meant to be read, instead it was meant to be personal and a way for her to capture all the events she experienced while on her travels. Knight’s journal was not published until the nineteenth...
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...Nora Jaffary’s work False Mystics analyzes deviant orthodoxy in inquisitional ruled Colonial Latin America. First Jaffary explains to readers how deviant orthodoxy was produced. Pope Sixtus IV granted power to the monarchs to establish religious inquisitional courts in Castile to impose religious uniformity on the newly consolidated state. The main targets of the Castilian Inquisition Courts were people of Jewish and Islamic descent. Then, the courts were moved to colonial Latin America, but in the colonies the greatest potential source of spiritual heresy, indigenous idolatry, lay beyond the official bounds of the court’s scrutiny. This difference would lead to the prosecution of ilusos and alumbrados in the new world. In the next chapter of Jaffary’s work she examines mystics in the social context. Jaffary explains the demographics of plebeians and elites and how mystics of lower-class social classes established a patron-client system with colonial elites. In chapter 3 she explains how courts determined the authenticity of mystics. Then in chapter 4 she examines the orthodoxy and heterodoxy in the visions of the mystics. Jaffary points out that some of the heterodoxy that came from orthodoxy could have been the result of mystics, like Rosa Ortiz interpreting paintings that appeared in New Spain. Finally, chapter 5 shows that medial practitioners becoming involved in the legal system affected the inquisition by changing the labels that were given to mystics when prior to...
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