...Study on pp. 75 – 76 of the text Criminal Justice Organizations entitled “Time to Dig Out”, the class was to analyze this study and answer the following questions dealing on a political level of organizational structure and the decision making process. Question #1 Identify the groups, organizations, and political constituents likely to support a reduction in funding for the state’s department of corrections. Which of those groups would also publicly support changes in criminal sentencing that would reduce the prison population? Identify the stakeholder groups or individuals who benefit from funding the department of corrections or prison construction? The case study entitled “Time to Dig Out” was based on the decisions and political strategies in the view of the state governor. The case study revolved around the basis for new prisons and crime prevention within the state. The state wants to take a hard but drastic approach on preventing crime. There were too many contributing factors to debate on constructing new prisons or eliminating the idea all together. Because of the increased crime in the state the state’s budget base was eroding concurrent with the dramatic increase in dollars allocated to prison expansion. The groups, organizations, and political constituents likely to support a reduction in funding for state’s department of corrections are organizations and agencies affected by the decrease or loss of budget to help secure the function of their missions. ...
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...What is the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994? The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, also known as the 1994 Crime Bill, was a comprehensive piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1994. It was one of the largest crime bills in U.S. history and aimed to address various issues related to crime and law enforcement. There are seven key provisions of the 1994 Crime Bill which include the federal assault weapons ban, community oriented policing services (Cops), Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive Grants, Death Penalty Provisions, Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), Youth Violence Prevention Program,...
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...Science fiction is often seen as a genre dealing with imaginative content, futuristic settings and anything go possibility; while sci-fi genre has become much more visual and action focused, but in truth the setting is only a means to discuss much deeper and serious subjects. Dredd 3D, directed by Pete Travis, besides the over the top violence and non-stop action, is an interesting view of the future and one takes criminal justice to an extreme. A movie about law enforcement, but not bound by today’s social value or political view, raises interesting questions and critique on today’s justice system and the future of it. The movie is based on the comic book character, Dred, from 2000AD series. While the comic do involve social commentary and such, but ultimately focused more so on much more fantasy in content. The movie tries to base itself to a believable future, and in to a much broader sense the discussion is related much more than the movie itself and covers much more about the city the movie takes place, Mega City One, a metropolis with 800 million residents “living in the ruins of the old world” where residents live with extreme poverty. Crime rates are so high, the amount of violent crimes reported, that the police force could only respond to 6% of crimes reported, and it is up to the judges, police officers who are granted the power and responsibility to “judge, jury, and executioner” on the spot, to decide. The absolute and extreme jury system in Dredd, provides a stark...
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...good social skills, access to opportunity, good health, and good luck (Comer, 1997). Most government policy at the state and federal level, including long-term incarceration and the lack of social support systems, has been established based on the myth that the individual alone is responsible for his or her life outcome. My firm belief is that this is not true (Comer, 1997, 2000; Comer, Ben-Avie, Joyner, 1993), and that a primary responsibility of government is to provide opportunity to the disenfranchised. By rethinking criminal policy and sentencing, and by instituting broad social support and public works programs, the government will begin to repair its relationship with urban black communities and will move the United States closer to a realization of the American dream. The foundation the government will use to repair the relationship it has with its urban black citizens should be a series of straightforward changes in laws and sentencing guidelines that are directly linked to the criminal justice system. The War on Drugs should be the first target for change. All drugs are not going to be fully legalized, and they probably shouldn’t be. Many drugs, such as heroin, PCP, and Ether, are extremely harmful substances. It would be inappropriate to distribute these drugs commercially. However, the...
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...CJS 200 Entire Course For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com CJS 200 Week 1 Checkpoint Criminal Acts and Choice Theories Response CJS 200 Week 1 DQ 1 and DQ 2 CJS 200 Week 2 Checkpoint Crime Reporting and Rates Response CJS 200 Week 2 Assignment Criminal Justice System Paper CJS 200 Week 2 DQ 1 and DQ 2 CJS 200 Week 3 DQs CJS 200 Week 4 Checkpoint Police and Law Enforcement Response CJS 200 Week 4 Assignment Law Enforcement Today Paper CJS 200 Week 4 DQs CJS 200 Week 5 Checkpoint Historical Development Response CJS 200 Week 6 Checkpoint Courtroom Players Response CJS 200 Week 6 DQs CJS 200 Week 6 Assignment Sentencing Paper CJS 200 Week 7 Checkpoint Jails and Prisons Response CJS 200 Week 7 DQs CJS 200 Week 8 Checkpoint Violent Behavior Response CJS 200 Week 8 Assignment Parole and Truth-in-Sentencing Paper CJS 200 Week 8 DQs CJS 200 Week 9 Capstone Analysis CJS 200 Week 9 DQs CJS 200 Week 9 Final Juvenile Crime Paper ------------------------------------------------------------ CJS 200 Week 1 Checkpoint Criminal Acts and Choice Theories Response For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Write a 200- to 300-word response in which you describe choice theories and how they relate to crime. Describe the common models for society to determine which acts are considered criminal. Explain how choice theories of crime affect society. Post your response as an attachment. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment...
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...The debate over capital punishment has been going on for endless amount of years now. Capital punishment is unethical. It violates the eighth and fourteenth amendment. Capital punishment has been used for awhile now, in fact, there are 31 states right now such as: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and many others still using capital punishment. This must come to an end. The eighth amendment states that “ Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” A fairly recent court case Kennedy v. Louisiana, June 25, 2008 violates the 8th amendment. The background information about this case is that, Patrick Kennedy was sentenced to death for raping a child. Now, the child didn’t die from being raped. The court decision definitely violates the 8th amendment because, Kennedy didn’t kill the poor child, he simply raped her. Not that I’m saying raping a child is ethical, but, the child’s life wasn’t taken away, just sexually assaulted is what happened. The court took it to a whole other level by sentencing him to death. Why go out of your way to kill him, there’s certainly other ways to punish Kennedy, but taking his...
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...prisons is a growing issue. Overcrowding in prisons is caused by extended jail sentences, severe sentencing for drug related offenses, and imprisonment of the mentally ill, which generates inhumane living conditions for inmates. Solutions are relocating drug related offenses and allowing shorter sentences for nonviolent prisoners. Description of Problem Overcrowding in prisons has become a major growing issue in the United States recently. “From 2006 to 2011, prison population grew at 9.5 percent, outpacing the 7 percent growth...
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...future progress of corrections are being developed as a result of past and current trends. The issues and concerns surrounding the corrections component of the criminal justice system are overcrowded prisons and their decreasing budget. If these issues and concerns are not address, they will continue to affect the effectiveness and future operations of corrections. Restorative and community justice programs are options being considered for the future of corrections as administrators, legislators, and activists debate philosophies to address these issues and concerns resulting from past and current trends. In the past, the national political climate favored the “get tough” approach against crime. It was believed that treatment programs could not reduce recidivism. Furthermore, it was also believed to keep the national crime rate low and protect the public, offenders of crime must be punished to deter crime. As a result, reforms such as truth-in-sentencing and three-strike legislation were implemented into the law. These reforms targeted individuals involved with drugs and repeat offenders of crime. The reforms fueled an increase in arrests, higher conviction rates, and longer periods of incarceration causing the incarceration rates to skyrocket. According to Webb (2009), we have an incarceration rate in the United States that is five times higher than the rest of the world. With 5% of the world’s population,...
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...CJS 200 Entire Course For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com CJS 200 Week 1 Checkpoint Criminal Acts and Choice Theories Response CJS 200 Week 1 DQ 1 and DQ 2 CJS 200 Week 2 Checkpoint Crime Reporting and Rates Response CJS 200 Week 2 Assignment Criminal Justice System Paper CJS 200 Week 2 DQ 1 and DQ 2 CJS 200 Week 3 DQs CJS 200 Week 4 Checkpoint Police and Law Enforcement Response CJS 200 Week 4 Assignment Law Enforcement Today Paper CJS 200 Week 4 DQs CJS 200 Week 5 Checkpoint Historical Development Response CJS 200 Week 6 Checkpoint Courtroom Players Response CJS 200 Week 6 DQs CJS 200 Week 6 Assignment Sentencing Paper CJS 200 Week 7 Checkpoint Jails and Prisons Response CJS 200 Week 7 DQs CJS 200 Week 8 Checkpoint Violent Behavior Response CJS 200 Week 8 Assignment Parole and Truth-in-Sentencing Paper CJS 200 Week 8 DQs CJS 200 Week 9 Capstone Analysis CJS 200 Week 9 DQs CJS 200 Week 9 Final Juvenile Crime Paper ----------------------------------------------------------- CJS 200 Week 1 Checkpoint Criminal Acts and Choice Theories Response For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Write a 200- to 300-word response in which you describe choice theories and how they relate to crime. Describe the common models for society to determine which acts are considered criminal. Explain how choice theories of crime affect society. Post your response as an attachment. Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment...
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...criminal justice system is not currently in reach. Through evidence from examinations and surveys on offenders, it can be seen that no criminal thinks alike, and that because of this it is not profitable to put general policies into place, for results will be minimal. When initially considering offending reduction strategies, it is assumed that crime prevention measures will include the use of disciplinary action. Although this is accurate, it has become more apparent to some scholars over the latest decades that the use of punitive measures against offenders has just made the probability of reoffending worse. (McGuire, 4) There is incessant debate on whether the use of punishment on offenders will decrease the likelihood of reoffending. One of the most popular debate on this subject is the “what works” argument. The “what works” debate focuses on whether authoritative reaction on criminal offenses will have an influence on the rate of the criminal reoffending. This argument proposes that while it is achievable to reduce the rate of reoffending, it isn’t probable with the use of penalizing measures. As it is notable that disciplinary measures are the main source of correction throughout the criminal justice system, this view is not commonly accepted. Many...
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...CRIME, PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE IN A COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT This book aims to honour the work of Professor Mirjan Damaška, Sterling Professor of Law at Yale Law School and a prominent authority for many years in the fields of comparative law, procedural law, evidence, international criminal law and Continental legal history. Professor Damaška’s work is renowned for providing new frameworks for understanding different legal traditions. To celebrate the depth and richness of his work and discuss its implications for the future, the editors have brought together an impressive range of leading scholars from different jurisdictions in the fields of comparative and international law, evidence and criminal law and procedure. Using Professor Damaška’s work as a backdrop, the essays make a substantial contribution to the development of comparative law, procedure and evidence. After an introduction by the editors and a tribute by Harold Koh, Dean of Yale Law School, the book is divided into four parts. The first part considers contemporary trends in national criminal procedure, examining cross-fertilisation and the extent to which these trends are resulting in converging practices across national jurisdictions. The second part explores the epistemological environment of rules of evidence and procedure. The third part analyses human rights standards and the phenomenon of hybridisation in transnational and international criminal law. The final part of the book assesses Professor...
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...Fiction vs. Reality Jessica Nefedov University of Phoenix The United State’s judicial system is one that controls the everyday sentencing and hearing of cases. These cases range from civil matters, such as divorce, evictions, small claims and child custody to misdemeanors and felonies. Misdemeanors and felonies are criminal cases. Our Judicial system is made up of three branches of government; the Legislative branch which examines, debates and votes on bills, the Executive branch that initiates and administers the law, and the Judiciary branch, that we will be discussing in this paper. The Judiciary branch applies the law, as is seen in courtrooms across America and in homes on televisions. Television shows are popular for their dramatics, which increase their ratings. The more dramatic and action packed a show is, the more people tune in to watch it, therefore making it a successful show or series. In the world today popular crime shows such as Law & Order, CSI, Raising the Bar, and Peoples Court, show the dramatics of a case. Of these shows, Law and Order and Raising the Bar, both portray the legal drama and police procedures taken in a case. Upon watching an episode of Law & Order or Raising the Bar, one will see a lot of discrepancies of the fiction versus reality of today in the courtroom. It is important to remember that television shows are not real, unless stated so. Again the idea of creating a successful series is to have it appeal...
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...inmate count in the u.s The United States has less than 5 percent of the world’s population. But it has almost a quarter of the world’s prisoners. Indeed, the United States leads the world in producing prisoners, a reflection of a relatively recent and now entirely distinctive American approach to crime and punishment. Americans are locked up for crimes — from writing bad checks to using drugs — that would rarely produce prison sentences in other countries. And in particular they are kept incarcerated far longer than prisoners in other nations. Criminologists and legal scholars in other industrialized nations say they are mystified and appalled by the number and length of American prison sentences. The United States has, for instance, 2.3 million criminals behind bars, more than any other nation, according to data maintained by the International Center for Prison Studies at King’s College London. China, which is four times more populous than the United States, is a distant second, with 1.6 million people in prison. (That number excludes hundreds of thousands of people held in administrative detention, most of them in China’s extrajudicial system of re-education through labor, which often singles out political activists who have not committed crimes.) San Marino, with a population of about 30,000, is at the end of the long list of 218 countries compiled by the center. It has a single prisoner. The United States comes in first, too, on a more meaningful list from the prison...
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...do with any form of punishment and were mainly used as holding cells for those facing a trial or those about to be executed, or those being banished from their community. The Walnut Street jail was the first penitentiary to be opened by the state of Pennsylvania in 1790.This particular jail was ran on the ideal that silence from the inmates would encourage them to think about their crime and then their conscience would lead them to repent for their crimes (Gaines & Miller, 2009). Being isolated from one another and being kept busy with different tasks was how the inmates lived. The prison eventually began to experience the same problems that the prisons in today’s society face, overcrowding and extreme cost. The American Federal Sentencing Guidelines state that, the prisons purpose is provide retribution, education, deter, and to incapacitate. The question is whether or not any of this is happening. The Bureau of Justice Statistics states that “of the 272,111 people released from prisons in 15 states in 1994, an estimate of 67.5%...
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...Yes, I believe in the death penalty. Criminals that have spent years in prison sometimes can turn very heartless and some will never change. I think the death penalty should be reinstated in the U.K. Sure there are several reasons to why people would be against it, like the fact that an inmate can spend several years on death row and receive trials to try and get them off during their waiting time. And, yes, innocent people could be executed, but it’s not as a big of a number as people make it out to be. The death penalty does deteriorate crime, specifically homicide rates, but when a convicted murderer is released from prison there is a 90%+ chance they will re-commit, only because they have been deprived from the outside world for such a long time and there are new things for them to introduced to, which may intimidate them. But at least when you execute the inmate, it’s one less person regular society has to worry about. People like them that are serving time just don’t change. Just put them to death so they cant terrorize society anymore. Surely, it would be a win win situation anyway, because their suffering would cease as well. The medieval philosopher, Thomas Aquinas made this point very clear: “Therefore, if any man is dangerous to the community and is subverting it by some sin, the treatment to be commended in his execution in order to preserve the common good… Therefore to kill a man who retains his natural worthiness is intrinsically evil, although it may be justifiable...
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