...Entry Strategies for MNEs in China: The Case of Danone and DHL International Business Winter 2014/2015 Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1. FDIs and Entry in China 3 1.2. Research Contribution 3 1.3. Research Method 3 2. Literature review 4 2.1. FDIs 4 2.2. Macro Environment 5 2.3. Timing of entry 6 3. Discussion 6 3.1. Introduction of Cases 6 3.2. Motives of Entering China 7 3.3. Joint Venture in China 8 4. Conclusion 9 4.1. Implications 9 4.2. Limitations 9 4.3. Research Outlook 9 5. References 9 1. Introduction 2.1. FDIs and Entry in China How should MNEs enter China? MNEs are usually presented with multiple entry choices, namely export, licensing agreements, franchising and FDIs. While each mode presents advantages and disadvantages, FDIs cause MNEs to make direct investments and be directly present in foreign countries, as opposed to indirect investments and presence through other modes of entry, hence the name “foreign direct investment”. But with direct presence in a foreign country MNEs are subject to both formal and informal institutions, and those institutions will directly influence a company’s decisions and it’s mode of entry (Ingram, Silverman 2002). MNEs have to decide whether to go as a first or late mover and due to what kind of motivation they decide to do FDIs in China. In countries with a weak institutional framework, Meyer et al. (2009) find that MNEs should choose the Joint Venture...
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...Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary Volume 15 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 The Effects of Migration by Nomadic Farmers in the Livelihoods of Rural Crop Farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria By Emeka Nzeh Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Nigeria Abstract- The study focused on the effects of migration by nomadic farmers on livelihoods of the rural crop famers in Enugu State of Nigeria. The study had the following specific objectives; determine the socio-economic attributes of the rural crop and nomadic farmers; identify the sources of nomadic farmers conflicts in the rural crop farmers farm fields; assess the socioeconomic effects of migration by nomadic farmer on rural development and describe the methods adopted to resolve nomadic farmers conflicts with rural crop famers in the area. In the sampling procedure, purposive and random sampling techniques were used. A purposive multi stage sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of 60 nomadic farmers and 80 rural farmers, information was elicited using questionnaires. Keywords: nomadic farmers, migration, rural community famers. GJSFR-D Classification : FOR Code: 070399 TheEffectsofMigrationbyNomadicFarmersintheLivelihoodsofRuralCropFarmersinEnuguStateNigeria Strictly as per the compliance...
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...from key departments such as Flight Operations, Flight Planning and Dispatch, Engineering and Maintenance, Finance, Marketing and Sales. The initiatives undertaken within the program to increase fuel efficiency and to reduce carbon footprint could be gathered under the umbrella of below topics: 1. Optimizing the operations: Since 2008, more than 70 projects to optimize operations in order to reduce carbon footprint have been introduced and implemented. Some of these operational optimization projects include: Pilot technique, optimizing the use of APU (auxiliary power unit) while the aircraft is on ground, introducing a new optimized flight planning system, optimization of the routes and aircraft speed, aircraft weight reduction (fly away kits, magazines, containers, potable water, catering equipment), aircraft modifications (winglet and sharklet), engine wash. 2. Investing in new technologies: Turkish Airlines takes the environment into consideration...
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...5(8), pp. 3410-3423, 18 April, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM ISSN 1993-8233 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Branding satisfaction in the airline industry: A comparative study of Malaysia Airlines and Air Asia Kee Mun, Wong* and Ghazali, Musa Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Accepted 23 March, 2011 Brand is crucial in differentiating the superiority of products or services over others. This is an exploratory study examining the differences in brand satisfaction between Malaysian Airlines (full service airlines) and Air Asia (low cost airlines) in Malaysia. 350 usable questionnaires were obtained from respondents in the two main airlines terminals in Kuala Lumpur. Exploratory factor analysis revealed seven brand satisfaction dimensions which are tangibles, price, core service, reputation, publicity, word-of-mouth, and employee. Generally, respondents were not satisfied with all brand dimensions of both airlines. The level of brand dissatisfaction is also higher for Malaysian Airlines compared with Air Asia. Air Asia was perceived better than Malaysian Airlines in price, publicity, and word-of-mouth. On the other hand, Malaysian Airlines was perceived better in tangibles, core service, reputation, and employee. The paper highlights some of its theoretical, managerial and marketing implications to the development of airline industry. Key words: Airlines, branding, satisfaction...
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...Experience Marcos dictatorship in Thailand By: Joel Ruiz Butuyan IF FILIPINO voters who are motivated with a longing to bring back the Marcos years will have their way in the May elections, all Filipino Facebook users will be in jail. This was my conclusion after a four-day stay in Thailand last week to witness the court trials of two political prisoners, and to meet with journalists and lawyers who are fighting to keep the embers of freedom alive despite the authoritarian rule of a military junta. I was in Thailand as the representative of the Center for International Law (Centerlaw), a nongovernment organization founded by my colleague Harry Roque. Centerlaw represents victims of human rights violations, especially persecuted advocates of freedom of expression. It is working to strengthen the network of free expression advocates in Southeast Asia. For four days, I listened to stories of arbitrary arrest and detention, intimidation, and some instances of torture committed by the very government that is supposed to protect the Thai citizenry against such crimes. It is all too reminiscent of the martial rule of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines. The Thai military junta, euphemistically known as the National Council for Peace and Order, mounted a coup d’état and ousted the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra. The junta imposed martial law when it seized power in May 2014, and while the regime officially lifted it in April 2015, Thailand remains under martial...
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...Bad Bug Book Handbook of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Introduction Food safety is a complex issue that has an impact on all segments of society, from the general public to government, industry, and academia. The second edition of the Bad Bug Book, published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness. The information provided in this handbook is abbreviated and general in nature, and is intended for practical use. It is not intended to be a comprehensive scientific or clinical reference. Under the laws administered by FDA, a food is adulterated if it contains (1) a poisonous or otherwise harmful substance that is not an inherent natural constituent of the food itself, in an amount that poses a reasonable possibility of injury to health, or (2) a substance that is an inherent natural constituent of the food itself; is not the result of environmental, agricultural, industrial, or other contamination; and is present in an amount that ordinarily renders the food injurious to health. The first includes, for example, a toxin produced by a fungus that has contaminated a food, or a pathogenic bacterium or virus, if the amount present in the food may be injurious to health. An example of the second...
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...BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERS PERCEPTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: THE CASE OF HONG KONG by SHING Kwan Ho DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Sciences (Corporate Environmental Governance), The Kadoorie Institute The University of Hong Kong June, 2009 ABSTRACT This research assessed the local building services engineers’ general perceptions of climate change. The participants’ (1) opinion and knowledge on “global climate change”, “climate change in Hong Kong” and “building services engineering in Hong Kong” and (2) their perceptions towards the perceptions and actions from different groups were measured. In summary, no respondent disagreed with the occurrence of the global climate change but they appeared to be generally not showing strong feelings or opinions towards the climate change issues and their perceptions on different bodies. They may have limited knowledge about the Kyoto Protocol. Developers in Hong Kong were perceived to be the party which did not perceive climate change as a problem and did not take action to mitigate the impacts brought by climate change. Lastly respondents showed different points of view on whether building services engineering has an adverse impact on climate change. Some might be focusing on the actual impact while some might thought the engineers were mitigating the impact on climate change. DECLARATION I declare that...
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...Fundamentals of Database Systems Preface....................................................................................................................................................12 Contents of This Edition.....................................................................................................................13 Guidelines for Using This Book.........................................................................................................14 Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................................15 Contents of This Edition.........................................................................................................................17 Guidelines for Using This Book.............................................................................................................19 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................21 About the Authors ..................................................................................................................................22 Part 1: Basic Concepts............................................................................................................................23 Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users..........................................................................................23 ...
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...In Other Words This book addresses the need for a systematic approach to the training of translators and provides an explicit syllabus which reflects some of the main intricacies involved in rendering a text from one language into another. It explores the relevance of some of the key areas of modern linguistic theory and illustrates how an understanding of these key areas can guide and inform at least some of the decisions that translators have to make. It draws on insights from current research in such areas as lexical studies, text linguistics and pragmatics to maintain a constant link between language, translation, and the social and cultural environment in which both language and translation operate. In Other Words examines various areas of language, ranging from the meaning of single words and expressions to grammatical categories and cultural contexts. Firmly grounded in modern linguistic theory, the book starts at a simple level and grows in complexity by widening its focus gradually. The author explains with clarity and precision the concepts and theoretical positions explored within each chapter and relates these to authentic examples of translated texts in a variety of languages, although a knowledge of English is all that is required to understand the examples presented. Each chapter ends with a series of practical exercises which provide the translator with an opportunity to test the relevance of the issues discussed. This combination of theoretical discussion and...
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...Chapter One A SQUAT grey building of only thirty-four stories. Over the main entrance the words, CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND CONDITIONING CENTRE, and, in a shield, the World State's motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY. The enormous room on the ground floor faced towards the north. Cold for all the summer beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room itself, a harsh thin light glared through the windows, hungrily seeking some draped lay figure, some pallid shape of academic gooseflesh, but finding only the glass and nickel and bleakly shining porcelain of a laboratory. Wintriness responded to wintriness. The overalls of the workers were white, their hands gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light was frozen, dead, a ghost. Only from the yellow barrels of the microscopes did it borrow a certain rich and living substance, lying along the polished tubes like butter, streak after luscious streak in long recession down the work tables. "And this," said the Director opening the door, "is the Fertilizing Room." Bent over their instruments, three hundred Fertilizers were plunged, as the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning entered the room, in the scarcely breathing silence, the absent-minded, soliloquizing hum or whistle, of absorbed concentration. A troop of newly arrived students, very young, pink and callow, followed nervously, rather abjectly, at the Director's heels. Each of them carried a notebook, in which, whenever the great man spoke, he desperately...
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...Because of permissions issues, some material (e.g., photographs) has been removed from this chapter, though reference to it may occur in the text. The omitted content was intentionally deleted and is not needed to meet the University's requirements for this course. CHAPTER 3 Global Supply Chain Quality and International Quality Standards Global competition is played out by different rules and for different stakes at each level. —C. K. PRAHALAD and GARY HAMEL INTRODUCTION I nternational trade is not a new phenomenon. The Roman, Greek, Egyptian, Chinese, Prussian, and other great empires were built on international trade. Columbus encountered the Americas for Queen Isabella of Spain when he was trying to establish a trade route to the East Indies across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe. Although international trade has existed for a long time, the volume of international trade exploded after World War II and has continued to reach tremendous levels. This international diversity can be seen all around us. Probably, the watch you wear, the computer you use, the car you drive, or the frying pan you use to prepare breakfast are not produced in the country where you live. The nationalities of products are even obscured as companies become more internationally dispersed. The most famous electric guitar in the world is the Fender Stratocaster. If you go to your local music shop, you will find that Stratocasters vary in cost from $500 to around $3,000. Some of the variation...
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...The Role of the Militia in Today’s Canadian Forces Jack English | September 2011 Strategic Studies Working Group Papers The Role of the Militia in Today’s Canadian Forces ABOUT THE AUTHOR Lt. Col.-Dr. John A. English retired from the Canadian army in 1993 with 37 years service in the King’s Own Calgary Regiment, the Queen’s Own Rifles, and Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry. Educated at Royal Roads and the Royal Military College, he went on leave without pay to attain an MA in history from Duke University in 1964. He graduated from Canadian Forces Staff College in 1972, attained an MA in war studies from RMC in 1980, and a Ph.D. from Queen’s University in 1989. During his career he served as a NATO war plans officer, Chief of Tactics of the Combat Training Centre, instructor at the Canadian Land Forces Command and Staff College, and curriculum director of the National Defence College. He is the author of A Perspective on Infantry republished in paperback as On Infantry (Praeger, 1984), The Canadian Army and the Normandy Campaign: A Study of Failure in High Command (Praeger, 1991), Marching through Chaos: The Descent of Armies in Theory and Practice (Praeger, 1996), Lament for an Army: The Decline of Canadian Military Professionalism (Irwin, 1998), Patton’s Peers: The Forgotten Allied Field Army Commanders of the Western Front 1944-45 (Stackpole, 2009), and Surrender Invites Death: Fighting the Waffen SS in Normandy (Stackpole, 2011). He is also co-author of...
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...INTRODUCTION Much of the literature about the liberation struggle in the South-East Lowveld has documented different counter strategies by the RSF but propaganda as one of the strategy has been partially covered. The study focuses on Rhodesia Front government’s propaganda as a counter insurgency strategy to the guerrilla activities. Propaganda is the control of public opinion. There are three types of propaganda that is white, grey and black propaganda. White propaganda is the dissemination of the truth to someone’s advantage, grey propaganda is the mixture of lies and truth and black propaganda consists of largely but not total lies. All these types were exploited upon implementation of propaganda at different levels through different tactics. Psychological operations which were executed as forms of propaganda involved planned use of communication through words, symbols and actions to influence the behaviour of the targeted audiences and achieve set objectives. The government’s use of propaganda warfare was prompted by a number of reasons which ranged from economic, political, social and military factors. It is worth noting here that, the tempo and conduct of the war varied from one locality to the other depending on the terrain and proximity to strategical areas like borders, transport networks and close to government’s administrative offices. The study is presented in three chapters. The first chapter outlines the reasons for the introduction of propaganda warfare in Chilonga...
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...Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual Chapter 2 Suggested Solutions to Questions and Problems 1. P.V. Ltd. Income Statement for Year 2 Accretion of discount (10% × 286.36) $28.64 P.V. Ltd. Balance Sheet As at Time 2 Financial Asset Cash $315.00 Shareholders’ Equity Opening balance Net income Capital Asset Present value 0.00 $315.00 $315.00 $286.36 28.64 Note that cash includes interest at 10% on opening cash balance of $150. 2. Suppose that P.V. Ltd. paid a dividend of $10 at the end of year 1 (any portion of year 1 net income would do). Then, its year 2 opening net assets are $276.36, and net income would be: P.V. Ltd. Income Statement For Year 2 Accretion of discount (10% × 276.36) $27.64 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc 11 Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual P.V.’s balance sheet at time 2 would be: P.V. Ltd. Balance Sheet As at Time 2 Financial Asset Cash: (140 + 14 + 150) $304.00 Chapter 2 Shareholders’ Equity Opening balance: $276.36 (286.36 - 10.00 dividend) Capital Asset, at Present value 0.00 $304.00 $304.00 Net income 27.64 Thus, at time 2 the shareholders have: Cash from dividend Interest at 10% on cash dividend, for year 2 Value of firm per balance sheet $10.00 1.00 304.00 $315.00 This is the same value as that of the firm at time 2, assuming P.V. Ltd. paid no dividends (see Question 1). Consequently, the firm’s dividend policy does not matter to the shareholders...
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...HKIA’s Third Runway —The Key for Enhancing Hong Kong’s Aviation Position (28/11/2007) by Dr. Cheung Kwok Law Professor Michael Fung Professor Japhet Law Dicky Tse Ka Yan Chan Aviation Policy and Research Center, Department of Decision Sciences and Managerial Economics The Chinese University of Hong Kong © Content Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Objectives of the Study Background Objectives Research Framework 1 1 2 4 5 5 6 10 10 11 16 18 18 21 22 27 27 29 30 32 32 34 35 35 40 44 46 48 48 49 50 51 54 56 62 Chapter 2 Regional Airports’ Development and Expansion 2.1 Asian Aviation Hubs 2.2 Mainland Major Airports Chapter 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Regional Demand Forecast for Aviation Services Rapid Growth in Asia-Pacific’s Air Transport The Increasing Importance of China’s Aviation Market Hong Kong’s Aviation Development under Mainland’s Rapid Growth Chapter 4 Capacity Issues and Enhancement Measures for HKIA 4.1 The Capacity of the Hong Kong International Airport 4.2 Runway Capacity Enhancement Measures 4.2.1 Aircraft Types Trends and its effects to Runway Capacity 4.3 Possible Measures 4.3.1 Air Transport Management Approach 4.3.2 Enhanced ATC & Aircraft Equipment, Technology, Procedures and Manpower 4.3.3 Expansion of Auxiliary Airside Facilities 4.3.4 Peak Spreading 4.3.5 Aircraft Size Restrictions 4.4 Conclusions Chapter 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Selected Case Studies for Building New Runways London Heathrow Airport third Runway Manchester International Airport Second Runway Tokyo Narita...
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