...Zona Perdagangan Bebas Terbesar, Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Fenomena globalisasi ekonomi di dalam perdagangan internasional terus mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Pasar perdagangan bebas menjadi primadona dalam kancah global. Hambatan tarif, pajak barang masuk dan keluar, hingga biaya-biaya ekternalitas menjadi halangan besar bagi paling tidak para pelaku ekonomi yang menginginkan keuntungan bisnis sebesar-besarnya dengan proses perpindahan barang, jasa, maupun capital berjalan lancar dari satu negara ke negara lain. Kerjasama dalam perdagangan bebas dinilai mampu mendorong kelancaran aktivitas ekonomi dan bisnis untuk meraup keuntungan yang lebih besar. Atas pertimbangan inilah dua aktor adi daya ekonomi pemilik jumlah GDP terbesar di dunia; Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat, menginisiasikan perjanjian zona perdagangan bebas terbesar di dunia pada bulan Februari 2013 lalu. Perdagangan bebas ini akan berada di dalam rangkaian Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (T-TIP) yang optimis terlaksana pada tahun ini. Presiden Obama, Presiden Dewan Eropa Herman Van Rompuy, dan Presiden Komisi Eropa Jose Manuel Barroso menyatakan komitmen untuk membangun hubungan perdagangan bebas ini bukan sekedar tujuan kemakmuran. Melalui negosiasi ini, Amerika Serikat dan Uni Eropa akan memiliki kesempatan tidak hanya untuk memperluas perdagangan dan investasi melintasi Atlantik, tetapi juga untuk berkontribusi pada pengembangan aturan global yang dapat memperkuat...
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...Executive Summary The TTIP has been termed the trade agreement of the 21st century; it is without a doubt one of the most important and first negotiation of its kind to have taken place between the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). It indeed would change the way business is conducted on both side of the Atlantic and would open many Economic opportunities to both parties. The EU and the US have a multitude of trade agreements with other countries according to the World Trade Organization (WTO) the US has 14 bilateral agreements with several countries (NAFTA with the US, Canada and Mexico, CAFTA which is an agreement done with various states in the Caribbean). The EU has 35 bilateral agreements. We find that the TTIP is not...
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...1 of 17 Xianghui(Ray) Chen 2153583 China and Global Financial Crisis US-Led TPP VS China-Backed RCEP —Applying Main IR Theories To US Policy-Making Process And Relevant Developments The backdrop of the TPP and RCEP WTO and TPP TPP and TTIP are drawn from the two precedent successful free-trade experiments, the EU and NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement). EU originated from the European Coal and Steel Community, before developing into the Common Market and further into European Community, and finally, into the EU. 1The ‘living’, ‘evolving’ treaties and agreements of the EU very much guide the living agreement of TPP/TTIP. NAFTA originated from CUSFTA (Canada-US FTA), which was implemented in 1989, and followed by NAFTA, ratified in 1994. Both EU and NAFTA existed before the WTO finally replaced GATT at the beginning of 1995. The replacement not only greatly expanded sectoral coverage but also replaced the GATT’s quite weak dispute-settlement mechanism.2 The liberalization and integration of trade had mainly proceeded under the auspice of WTO prior to the year 2000. With the evolvement characterized by the widening of the trade agenda to include the movement of people and not just that of goods, services, investments and capital,3 international society called for an update of the WTO. Although the Doha round did inspire some discussion in 2001, developing states fundamentally refused to open their market to the services and goods of the developed ones...
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...What are these links: these links take you to a number of Financial Times articles. At first glance they seem connected with international trade, and so you might initially think that perhaps they would have been better served when we come to talk about international trade in a few weeks’ time. However, if you read the articles carefully then it soon becomes apparent that the motivating factors for the TPP; the TTIP; the new Silk Road; and the AIIB is political in nature. In the case of the TPP, to constrain the rise of China; in the case of AIIB, to act as a counter weight to the American dominated World Bank; in the case of TTIP the politics come in through the controversial decision to allow multinational firms to by-pass country specific democratic process and take sovereign governments to court. Finally, the new Silk Road allegedly will facilitate the rise of a new Chinese empire. In short, economics and politics are two sides of the same coin! http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/62613e6a-6b5a-11e5-aca9-d87542bf8673.html#axzz3nnxovOLg http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d4a31d08-6b4c-11e5-8171-ba1968cf791a.html%23axzz3nlirRmIU http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/df9ce46c-6aea-11e5-8171-ba1968cf791a.html#axzz3nhcLrEUY http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ac8ee418-6c24-11e5-aca9-d87542bf8673.html#axzz3nskylvln http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e104d4b8-6c11-11e5-aca9-d87542bf8673.html#axzz3nskylvln http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3e314a7a-5c74-11e5-a28b-50226830d644.html#axzz3nhcLrEUY http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/23c51438-64ca-11e5-a28b-50226830d644...
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...I believe the recent developments with regards to the US stepping away from Trade agreements is doing the economy more harm than good. The main idea is to reduce trade deficits that have been caused by these supposedly ‘horrible’ deals. The proposed exit from NAFTA and TPP negotiations further fragments International Trade between the US and other nations. But in parallel comparison, China is preparing to enter several mega-deals and are expecting huge successes in the coming years. One of the proposed deals is the “Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership between China and 15 other Asian nations including India”. The US is shifting from agreements with Asia whiles the rest of Asia comes together to empower themselves through trade deals....
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...France has been a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since its start in 1995, and was a member of its previous entity, the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) since 1948. The WTO is an international organization run by the governments of each member company and has a primary goal of opening trade around the world for the economic benefit of all nations. It also acts as a forum for mediating international trade agreements and disputes in order to break down any potential barriers. Finally, the WTO provides “legal and institutional framework” for putting agreements into action and watching over said agreements, working out any disputes that may come about from their interpretation. France has been involved in two major disputes under the WTO, both having complaints filed against them by the United States. The first complaint that the US filed against France was in 1998 pertaining to the WTO article titled Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. This article strictly prohibits export and import subsidies. The United States had proof through English translations of French documents that the country had taken part in both actions, causing the United States to request consultations with France on the matter. The dispute to this day is still unsettled and the countries remain in consultation. The other major complaint filed by the United States took place the following year, concerning Measures Related to the Development of a Flight Management System...
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...financial crisis that struck back in 2008. Serious questions rose about whether globalization was more of a threat than a benefit. One major problem has been trade, which plummeted after the crisis, and is it only now getting better. Unfortunately there is no other way to say it but globalization has stalled. There are many risks when it comes to cross-border trades and investors are getting more intimidated. Joachim Fels warned that 2014 could potentially be a repeat of 1914, which brought a rapid end to the first golden era of globalization. The view from Davos is different which means not all is lost. Trade talks seem to be the common topic of discussion and negotiators are making progress toward the TPP on one side of the world and the TTIP on the other side. If the Pacific and Atlantic trade deals get completed and ratified that would amount to the largest trade liberalization from a negotiating process in the history of mankind. Negotiators recognize that they need to keep moving forward to be able to make this possible and if not everything could fall apart quickly. Globalization has paid off big for the developing world. Now trade and investments between developing nations are on the rise and emerging nations such as Brazil, India, and Russia are investing in wealthy nations. The presence of so many influential movers and shakers in one place called Davos makes the forum a stimulus for...
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...draws international practice, the main purpose is promoting reform and accumulating experience for reform in nationwide. Last but not least, this FTZ is a national strategy which is not limited to general industry cultivation, investment and economic development. Actually, it intends to improve system of investment management, finance, shipping and trade at multi-levels. When it comes to the background, it is noticeable that China has become the second largest trading nation in the world since entering WTO. In order to strengthen its status in the trade, America tries to establish another trading organization which excludes China. America established TPP (Trans -Pacific Partnership Agreement) with countries situated around Pacific Ocean and TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership) with EU. Besides, it set up PSA in the world and has included 21 countries. However, all of theses agreements set China aside and the only way for China to take part in the game is opening three main industries (agriculture, industry, services) in all dimensions. Nevertheless, if China opens the agricultural market, it means the government will bear really heavy financial...
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...need of the library, this attempted to persuaded the voting parties of my view that the North Harrow Library (along with other librarys in Harrow should be closed). I cannot yet say whether or not my attempt was successful because it has not yet been decided if the library will close. Another example is I sent an email to James Bond my local MP telling him my opinion on North Harrow Library closure by emailing him and telling him how I am against it, also asking him what I can do to get involved in the cause. This was very successful as far as I know because I didn’t get a response from him to this probably means that he hadn’t read it or that he had and it hadn’t persuaded him of my opinion. A final example is that I told my father about TTIP and about what they are about, I told him about what they are doing and how it is going to affect him if it gets put through, he wasn’t really for or against the cause but after I told him how I was against it...
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...of total merchandise increase in world export and import. Table 4.1 shows the results of the calculations of percentage of increases every five years from year 1995 to 2014. Furthermore the table shows that the increase of trade grew for at least 20% every five years．Especially from 2000 to 2005, the increase percentage of export and import were both above 60% which is mainly due to an economic robust growth in the U.S. and China. Driven by the world economic growth, the scale of globalization keeps going on towards expansion. Even though the speed of increase is not as strong as before, it still remains at the high level. In this context, it is important to consider the goals of the TTP agreement which was signed on 5 October 2015 and the TTIP agreement which is still under negotiation. Both of them will promote the development of global trade. 4.2 Global Trade in Agri-Food Industry The global agri-food industry is intimately related to production circuits, customer choice, transforming technologies, policies and corporate strategies (Dicken 2011). The characteristics of the agri-food industry are to make global trade in this industry a specialty. It will be influenced by various factors like natural resources, population, TNCs and price volatility. Food is a basic need for everyone, and has taken a special role in global trade. As the major import and export countries have been looked at in Chapter 3, the following abstract presents a deeper analysis especially with regard...
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...Clash of Civilizations In 1993 Samuel Huntington wrote an article titled “Is there a clash of civilizations”. The thesis was very much born in the context of the end of the cold war. The idea of “clash of civilizations” suggests that twenty-first century global order will be characterized by growing tension and conflict between rival cultures or civilizations, as opposed to the political, ideological or economic conflict of old. Huntington furthermore argued that the world was split into 9 different civilizational orders, and the West would clash with all of them, but in particular it would clash with the Islamic world, Japan and Russia. The realists have given little attention to the issue of identity or cultural politics. They focus on the behavior of states. However the liberals have recognized this thesis to some extent. Huntington’s view that the West would clash with the Islamic world was vindicated after the September 11th terrorist attacks, neoconservatives looking for a response distanced themselves from Huntington’s rhetoric. Neoconservative George W Bush was keen to emphasize that not all Muslims were to blame for 9/11, and indeed it was just a tiny minority of extremists holding the Islamic world back. Whereas Huntington had argued that the Islamic world was hostile to western ideas of liberal democracy, George W Bush ignored this insight and fought two wars to try and bring democracy to the Middle East, ignoring Huntington’s claim that there would be a backlash...
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...Review of World Investment Report MGX5966 International business theory and practice Lecture time: 18:00-19:30, Tuesday Lecturer: Quamrul Alam Tutorial time: 12:00-13:30, Tuesday Tutor: Sharif Rasel Due date: 09/09/2014 Students: RUIHAN FAN (26297701) Review of World Investment Report 1. Introduction This review is going to talk about the recent trends discussed in the WIR 2014, the reason that developing and emerging economies have attracted FDI, and why will SDGs have a significant resource implication for future investment decisions of MNEs. 2. The recent trends discussed in the WIR 2014 1. Global FDI flows Global FDI flows increased by 9 percent in 2013 to $1.45 trillion, up from $1.33 trillion in 2012. Although the share of developed economies in total global FDI flows remained low, it is expected to rise over the next three years to 52 per cent. Global inward FDI stock rose by 9 per cent, reaching $25.5 trillion. It reflects the rise of FDI inflows and strong performance of the stock markets in many parts of the world. 2. FDI inflows FDI inflows rose 9 percent in 2013 revealed a moderate pickup in global economic growth and some large cross-border M&A transactions. The increase of FDI inflows was widespread in all major economic groupings − developed, developing, and transition economies. Developed countries’ FDI inflows grew by 9 percent, reaching $566 billion. Developing economies reached a new high of $778 billion, accounting...
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...The Crisis of Crimea and Ukraine Key Lessons for President Obama from Presidents Reagan and Clinton [pic] SOURCE: AP/Greg Gibson President Bill Clinton reads a statement at the conclusion of the NATO 50th anniversary summit, Sunday April 25, 1999, in the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington. By Rudy deLeon and Aarthi Gunasekaran | May 14, 2014 In the past two months, the Crimea and Ukraine crisis has grown. Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula, the Ukrainian government and pro-Russian militia are engaged in a back and forth standoff in eastern Ukraine, and Russian President Vladimir Putin has threatened that the conflict “essentially puts the nation on the brink of civil war.” The United States has been at the forefront of building international support for Ukraine, and the Obama administration continues to assemble Western support. However, efforts to reach a diplomatic settlement, or at least to reduce immediate tensions, are still in progress. As the Obama administration prepares its next steps in response to Russia in Ukraine, it can examine lessons from two other administrations in times of crisis. First, the Reagan administration’s reaction in 1983 to the Soviet downing of a civilian Korean airliner and its response to the terrorist attack against U.S. Marines on a peacekeeping mission in Lebanon. Second, the Clinton administration’s initiative to proactively expand and deepen partnerships in Europe during the 1990s through its Partnership for Peace. President...
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...MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT SUBJECT: MANAGING IN THE ECONOMY SUBJECT CODE: MGT6233 NAME : GIRISH S/O GOPAL 810602 -01 – 6275 I/C : STUDENT ID : 01130024 LECTURER : MS.SANDRAKALA 2 Executive summary Free trade refers to trade between countries without tariff and non-tariff barriers on exports and imports. In another word, free trade refers to trade without government interference. Classical economists such as Adam Smith and David Ricardo have advocated that free trade improves the economic well being of a country by increasing the production of a country and allowing efficient allocation of resources, thus increasing global production and promoting peaceful and prosperous global environment. In the global basis, World Trade Organization formed after GATT in 1995 promotes trade liberalization through multilateral negotiation. On the other hand, in the regional basis, countries are forming regional economic integration to promote free trade stage by stage. The initial stage is known as Free trade areas (FTAs) under which they agree to remove tariffs and non-tariff limitations on trade in products between themselves. Despite all these initiates, governments around the world are still imposing various restriction on trade between countries to protect its own industries such as agriculture which is considered as the backbone of a country. Therefore, this report will discuss the concept of free trade, trade theories...
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...▪ Prescription is a term usually applied to easements. We refer to easements by prescription[->0]. ▪ The nominal rate of interest is the: ⁃ rate set forth in the note. ▪ Study aid: "TTIP" TIME: That the co-owners became such at the same time. TITLE: Created by a single will or transfer. INTEREST: Equal shares. POSSESSION: A right to use the whole and share in the profits and costs. Foreclosure[->1] breaks two of the unities: Time and Title. ▪ If economic conditions are rapidly changing, it is difficult to make the adjustments to the price of comparable properties[->2]. ▪ Rental payments are $80 per day ($2,400 / 30). The seller will be debited for 16 days or $1,280 ($80 x 16). Prorations[->3] typically assume that the buyer's rights and obligations begin on the day of closing. ▪ Subagent[->4]" means a person to whom an agent delegates agency powers. However, "subagent" does not include an associate licensee who is acting under the supervision of an agent in a real property transaction. The marketing of real property by real estate agents is often a cooperative effort. The listing broker usually makes an offer of compensation to a cooperating broker (subagent) by placing the property on the Multiple Listing Service[->5]. Some MLS's make the offer of subagency automatic, while for others, the offer of subagency is optional and requires an affirmative act by the listing broker. If the principal (seller) specifically authorizes his/her broker to appoint a subagent and...
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