...diverse forms of media in the digitized twenty-first century, including TV, radio, newspapers, and the Internet. Especially the television plays such a significant role in the lives of modern citizens nowadays. However, it may cause some negative aspects such as the television violence because children who watch violent television shows are more likely to commit crimes than those who do not (Marc, 2001). In this essay it will attempt to bring these claims into perspective and discuss critically that the consequences of depicting violence on television with reference to effects theory. The structure of the paper is as follows.How television violence affects children will be firstly presented according to the hypodermic needle theory. Subsequently, it will illustrate the impacts of depicting violence on TV by uses and gratifications theory and media cultivations theory under the conditions of media content and audience variables. Firstly, it is generally believed that television violence can result in the real violence and aggressive behaviour (Mcquail, 2005).Through statistic analysis, children can spend more time watching television which can reach twenty five hours per week than other activities (Violence on prime time broadcast TV 2001). Besides, a large number of violent programs are showed in television nowadays (Children and TV violence 2011). As a consequence, John (2001) states that young children may imitate the violent behaviour on television because they may have difficulties...
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...studies have linked excessive TV viewing to childhood obesity, poor brain development, lagging educational performance, sleep disturbances and diminished physical activity (Is Television Harmful For Children?, 2010). Children are very impressionable, so sitting in front of a television for long periods of time can have a negative outcome. While a child’s brain is being molded, they are more susceptible to act out learned behaviors from their favorite television shows. Parents have the responsibility to mold their child’s brain and not have it rot out from too much exposure to television. Children's television viewing should be limited to less than 2 hours a day in order to avoid too many negative effects. Violence is something that is hard for children to avoid on television today. Children are at risk of viewing this violence because they are watching more than the suggested amount of television. When children see this violence, they think it is cool and fun, so they want to try it out. They are taught that the images of violence are amusing. Many children who view too much violence can end up committing crimes. According to How TV Affects Your Child (2011), “TV violence sometimes begs for imitation because violence is often promoted as a fun and effective way to get what you want.” (Violence) When children see their favorite character bopping someone on the head to get what they want, it sends the message that this is acceptable to do. Children can’t distinguish between when...
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...Spring 2003 TV Violence Since the advent of television, the effect of TV violence on society has been widely studied and vigorously debated. Based on the cumulative evidence of studies conducted over several decades, the scientific and public health communities overwhelmingly conclude that viewing violence poses a harmful risk to children. Critics of the research challenge this conclusion and dispute claims that exposure to TV violence leads to real-life aggression. As we move into the digital era with enhanced images and sound, media violence will undoubtedly continue to be a focus of public concern and scientific research. Prevalence of Violence on TV The National Television Violence Study is the largest content analysis undertaken to date. It analyzed programming over three consecutive TV seasons from 1994 to 1997.1 Among the findings: • Nearly 2 out of 3 TV programs contained some violence,2 averaging about 6 violent acts per hour.3 • Fewer than 5% of these programs featured an anti-violence theme or prosocial message emphasizing alternatives to or consequences of violence.4 • Violence was found to be more prevalent in children’s programming (69%) than in other types of programming (57%). In a typical hour of programming, children’s shows featured more than twice as many violent incidents (14) than other types of programming (6).5 • The average child who watches 2 hours of cartoons a day may see nearly 10,000 violent incidents each year, of which the researchers estimate...
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...T e l e v i s i o n V i o l e n c e a n d Its Effect o n C h i l d r e n Merrilyn O. Johnson, MSN, RN Television (TV) has become a large part of children's activities. Much discussion exists as to the level of violence on TV programs and its effect on children's behavior. This article reviews the literature, discusses social issues, and presents some interventions available to nursing professionals to assist children and families in coping with the impact of TV on children's lives. Copyright 9 1996 by W.B. Saunders Company For some children under some conditions some television is harmful. For other children u n d e r other conditions it may be beneficial. For most children under most conditions most T V is probably neither particularly harmful nor particularly beneficial. Schramm, Lyle, and Parker (1961) ago, the A LTHOUGHasWRITTEN 33 yearswas then. above quote on television (TV) viewing and children is relevant today as it Does watching violence on TV increase or alter the antisocial or aggressive activity of children? The possibility that widespread watching of violent TV programs by children and youth is increasing the level of violence in American society continues to be the most controversial and emotionally arousing issue related to the TV medium. This is because the concentration of violence portrayed on TV has the potential of generating aggressive behavior, both immediately and in the long term (Joy, Kimball, & Zabrack, 1986, cited in Williams, 1986).Aggression...
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...ENG 120 Children and television: A lethal combination? Many people believe that television can be good for young children and it helps to develop their mind before they attend school. While this may be true, it may also has an overall negative effect on children. Television can be lethal because it teaches children and culturally structures their mind. If a program on television shows a person eating spaghetti with his hands and a child watches this, then the child with think that it can be ok to eat spaghetti with his/her hands. In the developing stage of a child’s mind, everything that is being exposed to them is going to have a profound effect on them. We could say that only certain programs are carrying positive messages whereas the negative impact of television may be dominant. Overall, the television exposes the child to violent/deviant behavior, children build some of their morals and ethics from television and television also causes sleeping defects, obesity and other illnesses. Television can promote certain behaviors to children at young ages, for example if a child is exposed to violence on television, then that program is promoting aggressive behavior and the child can then begin to act more aggressively. Many researches show how television programs negatively affect children and their behavior from a process called imitation. Moreover, children, who are exposed to television programs showing violence, are more or less likely to affect their...
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...THE MEDIUM WHICH LEADS LIVES: TV The Initiative Media (1997) stated that in Turkey, “The average television viewing time is 300 min per day, compared to 180 min average television viewing in Europe (cited in Uray&Burnaz, 2003). As it is inferred from the statistics, television is one of the leading mediums of media; thereby it has a formidable force on society. It can easily leave an impression on society and shape audience’s ideas about any issue such as gender roles and the social mores. As TV’s effect on gender roles are comprehensively examined, it is observed that it does more harm than good for society; since TV restrains women from having careers by showing them as inappropriate and insufficiently qualified for some quantitative occupations, changes family dynamics, and blocks women’s success in politics despite being a non-quantitative field. On the other hand, it has a good effect on gender roles that it removes strict boundaries between genders. The first of harmful effects of TV on society is that TV has a power to shape audience’s ideas about women’s and men’s abilities, and impose on society that women are less skillful than men in the workplace, especially in quantitative fields. If the ideas that females are less successful than males, and their male counterparts better-qualified in quantitative fields are transmitted through TV advertisements and series, the public’s ideas will change in a linear way with the TV says. For example, when almost no female is depicted...
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...VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA OF AMERICA JEFFREY MUHLNICKEL MR. DAVID KERWIN EN 1320 AUGUST 27 2013 Many Americans feel that the viewing of violence in the media reinforces negative behavior in society, especially among children and young adults. "Three thousand studies have been done since 1955 on the link between television and violence; 2,980 of them found a correlation between the two. We hear little about that because we get most of our news from television" (Peterson). With this much research one must acknowledge that there is a problem in America involving sex and violence in the media. We cannot blame all societal problems on the media and its portrayal of these issues, but we can become educated, ourselves, in order to better facilitate the healthy lives of our children. "Violence grabs the headlines, but violence itself is a result of a society that promotes selfishness, greed and instant gratification" (Peterson). Violence on public television often catches us in a serious debate. Concerned parents fear that viewing inappropriate images presented by the media will corrupt America's youth. They cringe at the idea of our nation's children growing up to be vicious killers due to the brutal violence often seen on TV. Some blame television for most, if not all, of the ills of society and its children. "Truly it accounts for about 10 percent of violence, which means that 90 percent is caused by other things," Leonard Eron says. "Violence is a multi-determined...
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...CHILDREN AND TELEVISION INTRODUCTION Educators hoped that TV would serve as a window of knowledge for children. They hoped that it would broaden their knowledge by exposing them to various learning experiences, and help them learn about different cultures. Educators’ thought that TV would play a vital role in preparing preschoolers physically and psychologically for school. In contrast, today the effect of television on children has become a growing concern to many educators’ due to its effect on children’s behavior, health, and cognitive development and learning. We do not deny the TV holds many benefits to children if used properly and under adequate supervision of adults. Yet, we cannot deny its negative effects of TV. In this article we will talk about the negative effect of TV, and how it affects children, while on the same time mentioning its positive effects. We will first discusses the amount of time children spend in front of their TV sets, We will then move talk about how TV affects children’s behavior, health, cognitive development, and learning. We will also try to highlight the reasons behind children spending extended hours in front of their TV sets. Finally, we will try to suggest some solutions to this issue and how can we mitigate the negative effect of TV on children. The Amount of Time Children Spend In Front Of Their TV Sets Children in their early developmental stages are very fragile and vulnerable physically and emotionally .they fail to distinguish between...
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...Television and Children COM/172 "Children who watch a lot of television are likely to: have lower grades in school, read fewer books, exercise less, and be overweight." (Children and Watching TV., n.d.) Based on research, there are many more negative effects that television has on children than there are positive effects. While there are a few positive effects that television watching can have on children, the negative effects seem to outweigh the good. Television can affect children socially, psychologically, and physically and each of these aspects are equally harmful to children. Television takes the time away that is needed for children to develop language and social skills. A child's language and social skills are developed by interacting with people, talking, and listening. Language and social skills cannot be developed or improved by listening to a television. Children who watch too much television are also at risk for developing anti-social behaviors; these behaviors include: stealing, bullying, and fighting. “The fifteen per cent of five-year-olds who spend at least three hours in front of the television each day are at a slightly higher risk of anti-social behavior by the age of seven.” (Collins, N., 2013) Although bad behaviors can be learned from television, there are also studies that show good behaviors can be learned from television too. Television has positive effects on children when they are exposed to positive role models. When children watch positive...
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...survey was to establish to show the effects of television and a child’s reduction of his or her comprehension level. The survey was conducted in two parts, the first part was to show if the amount of time the children spent watching television would hinder their comprehension and the second part is to show what programs where watched when the children did watch television. The surprising thing was from both questions being answered, the one that made the most impact on the children was the time the children actually spent watching TV. Playing video games or doing anything in front of the television is time away from socializing with peers and family. Television and the Effects on a Childs reading ability The two part panel consisted of elementary children from second to fourth grade. These studies were conducted in a Dutch elementary school using 1050 students. The study was conducted to find out if television helped or harm children’s reading performance. THE amount of time spent watching TV The first part of the study was to understand if the amount of time children watched was effecting there reading or comprehension levels. The amount of time did have an effect on the children in a negative way. This statement automatically makes people think; oh TV is bad, but not necessarily true. There are few but good programming out there that will help teach your child the, alphabet, problem solving, and other scholastic properties. However, the television is just...
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...Serials, cartoons, movies etc became common. Television has also helped many to know more. Data communication networks like the Nation Geographic, Discovery, Animal planet, British Broadcasting service etc have helped a great deal in enriching the world with knowledge. Hence besides being a provider of entertainment, television is also a source of knowledge. But television has its own defects. First of all, television generates radiation. This can prove any harmful if used too much. Second, straining eyes over television can cause irreparable damage to the retina. Third, increased television viewing results in lack of physical as well as mental growth. The fats in the human body turn into toxins when not used and they cause blockage in blood vessels resulting in strokes, cardiac arrests etc. Television viewing also leads to obesity, which increases the chances of cardiac arrests. Another disadvantage of television is the uncensored data displayed. Children in their young age are subjected to cartoons and movies that provoke children to use...
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...Literature: 1) Duration of TV Viewing: According to the A.C. Nielsen Co. the average American watches more than 4 hours of TV each day (28 hours / week) i.e. 2 months of nonstop TV watching per year. Number of minutes per week that parents spend in meaningful conversation with their children : 3.5 minutes / week. Number of minutes per week that the average child watches Television 1680 minutes (4 hours/day). 70% of day care centers use television during a typical day. Dietz WH, Strausburger VC & et al in 1991 study entitled “Children Adolescents and Television” revealed that – American children spend more time in front of TV than at any other activity, with the exception of sleep.8 The same research shows that American children spend an average of 2 & 1/2 to 4 hours per day watching television depending on their age. The amount of time spent by American youth in most investigations was around 3-5 hours /day.8 The Kaiser report found Children ages 8 to 18 spent an average of 7 hours and 38 minutes a day consuming media for fun, including TV, music, videogames and other content in 2009, according to a 2010 report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. The report was based on a survey of 2,002 third- through 12th-graders, 702 of whom completed a seven-day media use diary. That was up about an hour and 17 minutes a day from five years earlier. About two-thirds of 8- to 18-year-olds said they had no rules on the amount of time they spent watching TV, playing videogames or...
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...The Harmful Effects of Media on Teenage Girls’ Self Image Media is one of the most effective tools in the world. People learn more from the media than any other single source of information. No matter where people look, they are constantly assaulted with images and ads, whether it is online, watching television, or even walking down the street. Because of the media’s ease of accessibility, it is vital that America understands the subliminal messaging behind the entertainment and advertising, not necessarily for the adults’ sake, but for the sake of their children’s impressionable minds. With the average teenager spending 10 and a half hours a day absorbing the media’s messages, it is imperative that parents become aware of the negative effects it is having on their child, especially young teenage girls. The media has targeted this demographic and the results are tragic. The average teenage girl spends 31 hours a week watching TV, 10 hours a week online, and 17 hours a week listening to music. (Kaiser Family par. 13) With that much time spent doing these things it’s a safe assumption that the media has a huge influence on teens and takes up a majority of their free time. Drew Altman, Ph.D., President and CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation said, “When children are spending this much time doing anything, we need to understand how it’s affecting them – for good and bad” (par. 7). With the media imposing so much influence over young America, it is crucial that action be taken...
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...Barr, R., Muentener, P., & Garica, A. (2007). Age-related changes in deferred imitation from television by 6- to 18-month-olds. Developmental Science, 10(6), 910- 921. This study was designed to gauge the growing body of evidence that examines infant imitation from television both immediately and after a delay. Children were tested in two very controlled manners for this study that only deviated in one way. Some children were shown a demonstration in person (3D) and the others were shown the exact same demonstration via television (2D). This was the only difference in the two demonstrations and therefore created no bias. The study found that imitation from television can occur in infants as early as 6 months of age. The findings of this study also suggest that imitation from television continues to be challenging throughout the second year of life, but repetition may be the key. The results of this study raise several questions and further research is required to disentangle perceptual and representational/cognitive load explanations. This source would be very useful in my research and provides information from an unwavering study that produced very clear and concise results. Barr, R., Shuck, L., Salerno, K., Atkinson , E., & Linebarger , D. (2010). Music interferes with learning from television during infancy. Infant and Child Development , 19, 313-331. Retrieved from www.interscience.wiley.com doi: 10.1002/ icd.666 This study was conducted to expand on previous...
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...citizen of any age (myself included) whose life has not been influenced by TV. The invention of TV was one of the most profoundly culture-changing developments of the 20th Century, and it continues to shape society in both obvious and subtle ways. In this essay I will try to identify and explore a major effect television has on society: the general decline of societal health. Certainly this premise is controversial, and many think that TV’s advantages enrich society more than the medium harms us. The term “societal health” and even the word “health” have many implications and mean different things to different people; I will focus on the physical health and mental health of our population, as they are commonly defined. Surely there will be some overlap when speaking of the sub-effects of these two areas. The first area of TV’s effects on society that I will discuss is human physical health. There is, undoubtedly, ample evidence that TV has made society less physically healthy in general. Since the inception of television in the 1940s, obesity rates have increased dramatically in America, especially among children. (Hicks, 1) While TV is not solely to blame, it is a major factor in our lifestyles which lead to poor health. TV-watching is, by nature, a sedentary activity. The vast majority of TV shows are consumed Bermudez 2 in a sitting or lying position; time spent watching TV replaces time spent exercising, being active, or playing outdoors. To make...
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