...From Lecture & Handouts: A. Know the steps in Halpern's framework for critical thinking. Reviewed below. B. Know the names of the eight activities (each has an alternate term, but just need to know the main ones on the picture), and be able to match up descriptions of these activities with the correct name. SEE YOUR HANDOUT. C. Know the steps in the paramedic method, and be prepared to apply them to a problem sentence. Steps given below. Diana Halpern's (1996) Framework for Critical Thinking Definition: Critical thinking is the use of cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a good outcome. CT is purposeful, reasoned, and goal-directed. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the goal? First step in improving thinking is to be clear about the goal or goals. Sometimes there are multiple goals; sometimes the goal changes as we work on a problem. If the overall goal is not OPERATIONAL (i.e., "get a good grade" or "reach a good decision"), then identify operational goals (write clearly, address all elements of the assignment, evaluate the consequences of alternative decisions). 2. What is known? Review what is known. You may know more than you realize, once you start taking a census. You may also realize that some of the apparently information is not certain at all. If you are completing an assignment or solving a problem for someone else, review guidelines for the assignment and ask yourself what the person cares about and...
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...process by machines giving information Information is used to run an organization efficiently Information used by managers to initiate actions TYPES OF INFORMATION Operational Information - used to day to day operations Example information needed by a shopkeeper: Daily sales account List of low stock items to be re-ordered List of overstock items Long overdue payments Profit loss account Tactical information - used to improve profitability Example information needed by a shopkeeper: Slow or fast moving items Reliable supplier of items Sales trends Strategic Information - information to expand business and explore new opportunities Example information needed by a shopkeeper: Whether to stock different varieties of items Whether to diversify Whether to start a new branch in a different locality Whether to start an e-shop Statutory Information - used to provide information to the government Example information needed by a shopkeeper: Income tax account Sales tax account MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY AND INFORMATION NEEDS QUALITIES OF INFORMATION Accurate Complete Timely Trustworthy Relevant Brief Up-to-date SignificanceEnsure correct input and processing rules Include all data Give at the right time Do not hide unpleasant information Understand user needs Summarize relevant information Include all data up to present time Use attractive formats and graphical charts Information System - consists of all the components that work together to process data and...
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...Care Diversity and Universality was developed in the 1960’s. The idea for this self-developed theory was constructed after Leininger recognized that nursing’s metaparadigm was missing two major components: care and culture (Leininger & McFarland, 2006). While working on a med-surg unit in the 1940’s, Leininger recognized many patients often reported that nursing care practices helped them get well, stay well, or adjust to another state of well-being ( Leininger & McFarland, 2006). In the 1950’s while working as a child psychiatric mental health nurse, Leininger realized the importance of culture in the care of children of different backgrounds (Leininger, 2001). From these experiences, Leininger reported thoughts of helplessness and culture shock due to her lack of knowledge of cultural factors that influenced nursing care. This led her to pursue doctorial studies in anthropology in the 1960’s. During this time, the theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality was developed. Brief Examination of Theory The general premise of this theory suggests that people of different cultures can define ways they experience and perceive nursing care and can also relate their experiences to their general health beliefs and practices (George, 2007). Leininger believed that people of different cultures can inform and direct professionals in such a manner to receive the kind of care they desire from others (Tomey & Alligood, 2006). The purpose of the theory was to discover human...
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...A critical review of the trade-offs between the concepts of relevance and reliability in financial reporting Theme: Financial Accounting Classification: M41 Author: Prof D Coetsee Affiliation: Department of Accountancy, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Contact address: Department of Accountancy R-Ring 607 University of Johannesburg PO Box 524 Auckland Park Johannesburg South-Africa 2006 Telephone: +27-11-559-3047 Fax: +27-11-559-2777 E-Mail dcoetsee@uj.ac.za A critical review of the trade-offs between the concepts of relevance and reliability in financial reporting |Abstract | |In an information orientated system of financial reporting the move from historical cost to fair value | |accounting has created numerous debates surrounding the trade-offs of the concepts of relevance and | |reliability. This article contributes to the debate by critically reviewing the current developments of | |these trade-offs to determine whether current financial reporting guidelines are appropriate to deal with | |the difficulties and uncertainties of financial reporting. The article found that the proposals of the joint| |framework discussion paper goes a long way in resolving the issues around the trade-offs of relevance and | |reliability. Changing the concept of reliability to faithful representation...
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...our homes but, they have different technology. VCR’s are analog electronic systems and DVD’s are digital electronic systems. People think that VCR’s were replacing for DVD’s but is not true. Digital and analog systems are two different technologies one with more advantages than the other. But analog technology can not be replaced for digital technology. Analog technology is natural technology is how temperatures, sounds or others natural phenomena are converted into electrical voltages following exactly the variations; the variations produce very complex waveforms on an oscilloscope or chart recorder as nature itself. Waveforms are a plot or graph of voltage against time. The waveforms are often deriving directly from nature with help of a traducer. Analog waveforms are infinitely complex but he human learns to interpret it. Humans have been used graphs to represent all this waveforms because graphs are easy to understand. Digital technology has revolutionized everything, we divide everything into equal parts for example: a day into 24 hour, a twenty four hours day into two equal parts day and night, a year into 12 equal parts even though in the last example a year is no exactly 12 equal parts the human use to add a day every four years to adjust the calendar and make everything simple. Digital technology is an example of this human behavior the humans use a special two-digit number system, called binary system to represent natural phenomena such as temperatures, sounds...
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...Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of laws and concepts of physics. * Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the study of rates of chemical processes. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about thereaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction. * Chemical physics is a subdiscipline of chemistry and physics that investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. * Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (theelectrode: a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte). * Femtochemistry is the area of physical chemistry that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales, approximately 10–15 seconds (one femtosecond, hence the name). The steps in some reactions occur in the femtosecond timescale and sometimes in attosecond timescales,[1] and will sometimes form intermediate products. * Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles...
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...definition. Most definitions revolve around the study and control of phenomena and materials at length scales below 100 nm and quite often they make a comparison with a human hair, which is about 80,000 nm wide. Some definitions include a reference to molecular systems and devices and nanotechnology 'purists' argue that any definition of nanotechnology needs to include a reference to "functional systems". The inaugural issue of Nature Nanotechnology asked 13 researchers from different areas what nanotechnology means to them and the responses, from enthusiastic to sceptical, reflect a variety of perspectives. It seems that a size limitation of nanotechnology to the 1-100 nm range, the area where size-dependant quantum effects come to bear, would exclude numerous materials and devices, especially in the pharamaceutical area, and some experts caution against a rigid definition based on a sub-100 nm size. Another important criteria for the definition is the requirement that the nano-structure is man-made. Otherwise you would have to include every naturally formed biomolecule and material particle, in effect redefining much of chemistry and molecular biology as 'nanotechnology.' The most important requirement for the nanotechnology definition is that the nano-structure has special properties that are exclusively due to its nanoscale proportions. The design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size...
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...contributions of historically important scientists. Additional concepts of electric fields, potential difference, and properties of conductors and insulators are developed through experiment, demonstration, and discussion. TEKS: |P.5 |The student knows the nature of forces in the physical world. The student is expected to: | |P.5A |Research and describe the historical development of the concepts of gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear | | |forces. Supporting Standard | |P.5C |Describe and calculate how the magnitude of the electrical force between two objects depends on their charges and the distance | |...
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...JAN DISCUSSION PAPER JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies Hung-Lan Wu & Deborah L. Volker Accepted for publication 24 July 2009 Correspondence to D.L. Volker: e-mail: dvolker@mail.nur.utexas.edu Hung-Lan Wu PhD RN Nursing Instructor Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan Deborah L. Volker PhD RN AOCN Associate Professor The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, Texas, USA W U H . L . & V O L K E R D . L . ( 2 0 0 9 ) The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65(12), 2719–2732. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05157.x Abstract Title. The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Aim. This paper is a report of an analysis of the use of theory in qualitative approaches to research as exemplified in qualitative end-of-life studies. Background. Nurses researchers turn to theory to conceptualize research problems and guide investigations. However, researchers using qualitative approaches do not consistently articulate how theory has been applied, and no clear consensus exists regarding the appropriate application of theory in qualitative studies. A review of qualitative, end-of-life studies is used to illustrate application of theory to study design and findings. Data sources. A review of theoretical literature was carried out, focusing on definitions...
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...are different methods that are applied to conduct the research that vary from topic to topic. Many researchers sometimes use the wrong research method to when conducting business research because they do not understand what method and variables to use. This paper will explore two different articles, one using quantitative research methods and one using qualitative research methods, evaluate their strengths and weaknesses and how they can be used more effectively when combined. Quantitative research “attempts precise measurement of something”(Cooper & Schindler, 2014, p. 146) that in business research “methodologies usually measure consumer behavior, knowledge, opinions or attitudes” ” (Cooper & Schindler, 2014, p. 146). Article one titled Assessing the Effectiveness of Mental Health Courts: A Quantitative Review is a study where meta-analytic techniques are used to answer the main objective which is “to provide a clearer picture as to whether mental health courts are an empirically efficacious intervention for a significant health and criminological problem” (Sarteschi, Vaughn, & Kim, 2011, para. 1). This article uses meta-analysis, which is a nonintervention research while also using a correlation approach to solving their purpose statement Qualitative research “includes an array of interpretive techniques which see to describe, decode, translate and otherwise come to terms with the meaning, not the frequency, of certain more or less naturally occurring phenomena in the...
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...Co-production; Service management Summary An emerging marketing management logic proposes a new perspective on service activities, which previously have been subject to a biased goods-dominant logic. According to this new logic, customers always are co-producers of services and co-creators of value, not simple marketing targets, because they mobilize knowledge and other resources in the service process that affect the success of a value proposition. This article explores this key proposition, analyzing service co-production and value co-creation phenomena in the business-to-business segment and focusing on the case of service-oriented architecture (SOA) with an in-depth, qualitative analysis of two firms pioneering the implementation of SOA solutions. Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Marketing literature and practice converge around the idea that, especially when it comes to services, customers play different foundational roles in value-creation mechanisms. Marketing theory recently introduced the concept of the service dominant logic (SDL), according to which the customer is always a co-producer of value, not a target of that value, because he or she mobilizes knowledge and other req Authors gratefully acknowledge IBM Italy for the financial support given through their ‘‘Service Science Award” programme. Many thanks are also given to managers that provide time and valuable information during...
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...Picturing the Subsurface With GIS: Data Visualization Techniques for Geophysical Images Using ArcGIS By Lucas Donny Setijadji Geoscientists try to understand the earth's crust using geophysical methods such as gravity and magnetic surveys. Mining geologists also use geophysics to search new mineral deposits. In areas such as the Nevada Great Basin, geoscientists rely more on geophysical images than on geologic maps. The Great Basin area holds one of the biggest mineral concentrations in the world. Economically, gold is the most prominent commodity. The most important gold deposits are hosted by carbonate rocks, called the Carlin-type and Carlin-like gold deposits. Carlin-type and Carlin-like gold deposits are unique geologically, are abundant in Nevada, and are hardly found elsewhere. Although much research has been done, a lot of the geology is still unclear. This paper discusses how ArcGIS provides a tool for research on mineral resources. Emphasis is on the functionality of ArcGIS to handle multiple data sets and maps as well as data visualization techniques using ArcGIS. Great Basin Geology Figure 1 shows the distribution of known gold deposits combined with topography, young geologic rocks, and county lines. Data sets were downloaded and compiled from several United States Geological Survey (USGS) Web sites (e.g., Raines et al., 1996). Data processing was done using ArcGIS 8.3 and its 3D Analyst extension. The Great Basin is complicated by its physiography...
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...2 2013 ABSTRACT The advent of various wireless technologies have revolutionized the communication infrastructure and consequently changed the entire world into a global village. Use of wireless technology has also been made for transmission of electric power wirelessly. It can reduce heavy line losses; increase the portability of power systems. It also integrates the communication technologies and electric power to the same platform. This paper presents a comprehensive review and detailed analysis of various techniques used for wireless power transmission. Role of wireless power transmission in applications of smart grid like electric vehicle charging has also been covered. Feasibility, implementations, operations, results and comparison among different methods have been elaborated in order to identify the favourable and economical method for low power and small distance applications. KEYWORDS: Power systems, Wireless power transmission, Magnetic resonance. INTRODUCTION Role of electricity in modern machine era is considered like circulation of blood in human body. Electrical energy has made human life easy and luxurious. Electricity is being distributed using the conventional grid which is in service for last hundred years. Conventional grid is characterized by out dated infrastructure, delayed communication and heavy transmission losses. One of the solutions of the...
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...Privacy has been a part of society for a very long time but it is not surprising that issues of honesty, deception and fraud all circulate personal privacy on a constant basis. Due to the acceleration of the Internet phenomena, people are finding out more evasive information then they thought existed regarding their private life. Due to the two different approaches to privacy, the aspect of consumer protection and free market privacy has now become a norm for most of society. There are many events out there regarding privacy and the rate at which technology is increasing, is making it just that much harder for us to control the issue. I have decided to elaborate on two current privacy issues that most probably affect everybody in this day and age in one way or the other. The two current event topics I thought would enlighten the reader incorporate the social network phenomena, Facebook and the privacy concerns over the new Google Street View Project. Both these examples involve the consumer protection and the free market. The social network phenomenon, Face book, is a free service that is the go-to place for people to share their likes, and dislikes, photos and dating status. However, Facebook has yet again been put on the chopping block regarding their privacy issues. Facebook has several features that have a significant impact on privacy and security of personal information. These features have raised issues of collecting, distributing, controlling and retaining information...
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...Video-over-IP Application Yeonsik Jeong ∗ School †‡ , Sriram Lakshmanan∗ , Sandeep Kakumanu∗ , and Raghupathy Sivakumar∗ † Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia of Multimedia System Engineering, SungKongHoe University, Seoul, Korea Email: {ysjeong, sriram, ksandeep, siva}@ece.gatech.edu, ysjeong@mail.skhu.ac.kr Abstract—In this paper we present a new approach called cue-based networking that uses hints or cues about the physical environment to optimize networked application behavior. We define the notion of cues and describe how cues can be obtained using a wireless sensor network as the underlying platform. We identify both the research and system challenges that need to be addressed to realize benefits of the approach under a target application of video delivery over IP networks. In the process, we identify a key challenge of wireless sensor networks, namely the timeliness-robustness tradeoff. We design an adaptive algorithm that balances this tradeoff satisfying both timeliness and robustness requirements. Through an implementation of the video delivery application using the proposed algorithm in a real home environment, we highlight the practical benefits of the proposed approach. I. I NTRODUCTION Optimizing the behavior of application and network protocols has been a continuing endeavor since the origins of the Internet. In this paper we present a new approach for networked application optimization...
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