...Permitting the Keystone XL Pipeline To Be Built Anthony Draper EN 1420 The Keystone Xl pipeline which is a proposed pipeline line that would run from Alberta Canada down through the US to the Gulf Coast should be permitted to be built. It would have a huge positive benefit on the country as a whole. It will provide America with more permanent jobs, economic growth; reduce our dependency on overseas energy, reduce emissions from trucks on the road transporting oil as well as train cars carrying oil. In a country hurting for jobs and some kind of positive economic relief this project can help ease some pains. If our government can waste millions upon millions on failed energy efforts than it can support one that will actually provide jobs and money to this country instead of taking money and not being worth the effort as many of the green initiatives have proven to be. The main opponents to the pipeline being built are on the environmental side. Their main reasoning is that it will have huge negative impacts on the environment and the areas in which the pipeline will cross through. Now while there is always the possibility of this pipeline having negative impacts on the areas around it but the way those on the environmental side would have attacked it are unjust. They claim it will leave a big carbon footprint and cause too much pollution in the environment. President Obama even made it a point not to permit this from being built until the dangers can be assessed. The State...
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...Keystone XL Pipeline What kind of government can force citizens to sell property from rightful owners and give foreign corporations the right to use this land? This was the case in Direct, Texas where Julia Crawford lost her land to TransCanada, the energy company that builds and operates energy infrastructure in North America. TransCanada was able to legally condemn her land and now her thirty-acre cattle pasture is now home to Keystone XL’s southern leg that runs through Oklahoma to the Gulf coast of Texas as broadcasted via National Public Radio (NPR). TransCanada certainly does not believe in Aldo Leopold’s view of The Land Ethic. In Leopold’s book A Sand County Almanac, Aldo Leopold writes of the community concept in his Land Ethic. This...
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...Republic of Azerbaijan, as part of the Islamic world, shares the progressive heritage and spiritual values of the Islamic civilization. The currently unstable region where the Republic of Azerbaijan is located has vast potential and opportunities, which can be used effectively for development in a friendly and cooperative manner with regional and wider international partners. The rich natural resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan open perspectives for the country's prosperity and national welfare and transform the country into an important energy source and a crucial integral part of the international energy supply system. The development of international transportation and communication corridors, including the construction of oil and gas pipelines, already contribute to the development of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan and of its...
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...The highly controversial, and much disputed issues surrounding the Keystone XL crude oil pipeline project have been under the scrutiny of American politics in recent months. A debate has ensued around national calls for the construction of infrastructure that would transport a crude oil alternative from Canada to the United States, and has rapidly gained increased exposure. This exposure can be attributed to a number of factors, but in large part rising gasoline prices and political pressures are the driving factors. Increased demand for more reliable and stable supplies of crude oil in the United States has been driven by an ailing supply of traditional heavy oil. TransCanada Corporation is a Canadian based energy company which develops and operates energy infrastructure throughout North America. The corporation finds itself at the focal point of the oil sands debate. The transnational corporation has applied for a permit to carry out a $7 billion project by the name of Keystone XL, which would allow TransCanada to construct and manage an oil transport pipeline between the United States-Canada border. The pipeline would transport crude oil produced from oil sands in Canada to oil refineries in the Texas Gulf Coast. Since the pipeline would cross international borders, the project requires the approval of the State Department in accord with Executive Order 13337. It is over this crucial point that much of the discussion has been centered. Time Magazine has dubbed oil sands “Canada’s...
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...Asian business diaspora based in Xinjiang. China also demonstrates its capacity to use local corruption schemes and internal Central Asian weaknesses in its own interests: From the earliest years of independence, smuggling with China, especially the export of metals and the import of consumer goods, has proved to be a very profitable venture for Central Asian high-level officials. Keywords • China-Central Asia Trade • Xinjiang • Business Diaspora • Shuttle Trade • Corruption Introduction The main difficulty in the study of economic relationships between China and Central Asia is the lack of reliable or complete information. Many reasons can explain this fact. The Central Asian states, first of all, do not publish information on cross-country trade. On this issue they follow the Soviet tradition and prefer not to strengthen the role of China to a public opinion which could be adverse. The Chinese authorities, for their part, do not try to heavily advertise their activities in the region and are quite comfortable with a lack of transparency in economic relations. The next reason results from the fact that...
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...Analysis of Users of Natural Gas segment in India ChirayuTrivedi 20141014 Deep Tigga 20141015 Mayank Gupta 20141033 Pranjal Kishore 20141050 Faculty Mentor: Prof. Sudhir Yadav In partial fulfilment for the term project IN MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION OF SCHOOL OF PETROLEUM MANAGEMENT, PANDIT DEENDAYAL PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Adequate supply of affordable energy is a pre-requisite for sustained growth, especially in the developing and emerging economies. Natural gas has emerged as most benign fuel in this regard. Natural Gas is a new age fuel. With only one carbon and four hydrogen atoms per molecule, Natural Gas has the lowest carbon to hydrogen ratio, hence it burns completely, making it the cleanest of fossil fuels. Natural Gas satisfies most of the requirements for fuel in a modern day industrial society, being efficient, non-polluting and relatively economical. The periodic uncertainties and volatility in both the price and supply of oil, have also helped Natural Gas emerge as a major fuel in the energy basket across countries. Sector Natural Gas is used Generation of electricity by utilities Fertilizer Industry Industrial As fuel for base load power plants In combined cycle/cogeneration power plants As feed stock in the production of ammonia and urea As an under boiler fuel for raising steam As fuel in furnaces and heating applications For heating of spaces and water For cooking As a non-polluting...
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...per cent for pipelines and 5 per cent for roads. Railways and roads are inefficient modes of carrying petroleum products because they consume significantly more energy (320 BTU for railways and 1700 BTU for roads to move one tonne of petroleum products over one km) than pipelines for which the comparable figure is only 50-135 BTU. Clearly, pipeline transportation is the most efficient way of moving petroleum products and gases and, hence, is the preferred mode all over the world. In developed countries like the USA and the UK, almost all long distance transportation of petroleum products and gas takes place through pipelines. India is far behind these countries in realizing the full potential of pipelines because it does not have a well-developed pipeline network. A rapid development of pipelines, therefore, is essential to ensure that the share of this mode in the transportation of petroleum products and natural gas reaches the desired level. It is estimated that around Rs 30,000 crore are likely to be invested over the next 10-12 years in setting up pipeline networks for liquid petroleum products The efficient and effective movement of natural gas from producing regions to consumption regions requires an extensive and elaborate transportation system. In many instances, natural gas produced from a particular well will have to travel a great distance to reach its point of use. The transportation system for natural gas consists of a complex network of pipelines, designed to quickly...
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...Impact of afghan war on Pakistan economy “Although history has been very unkind to Pakistan but its geo-strategic position has been a great asset to garner benefits from world great powers” (Stephen p. Kohen) • Introduction The conflict and instability in Afghanistan is the aftermath of 9/11 attacks and their regional implications had very negative repercussions, for the years following the US invasion of Afghanistan not only saw a huge influx of Afghan refugees across the border into Pakistan but also witnessed a sudden spike in the frequency and scale of terrorist attacks in Pakistan. The cumulative impact of these developments adversely impacted the overall growth rate in all major sectors of the economy. Pakistan continues to pay a heavy price both in the economic and security terms due to this situation and a substantial portion of precious national resources both men and material, have been diverted to address the emerging security challenges for the last several years. The rise of violent extremism and increase in terrorism in Pakistan due to instability in Afghanistan not only caused serious damage to Pakistan’s economy but has also been responsible for widespread human suffering due to indiscriminate attacks against the civilian population. This situation disrupted Pakistan’s normal economic and trading activities which not only resulted in higher costs of business but also created disruptions in the production cycles, resulting in significant delays in meeting the...
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...The Economic Impact of Opening the Armenian-Turkish Border Mher Baghramyan Armenian International Policy Research Group Armenia Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) Regional CompetenceBuilding for Think-Tanks in the South Caucasus and Central Asia 2012[2009] Mher Baghramyan Email: MherBaghramyan@gmail.com The Economic Impact of Opening the Armenian-Turkish Border Abstract: This research attempts to analyze and evaluate the possible economic impact of opening the Armenian-Turkish border. Results obtained by analyzing currently existing trade flows are combined with opinions and estimates gained during interviews with experts, businessmen, and government officials, as well as from mass-media and professional publications. Different sectors of the economy such as energy, tourism, transportation and agriculture are considered. Sectors of the Armenian economy that might have competitive advantage or disadvantage after the border is opened are also identified. Policy makers should pay special attention to those sectors that are expected to be most affected, while measures must also be developed to protect vulnerable sectors. In order to maximize the expected benefits of the border opening, the government should also facilitate improvements in the overall competitiveness of Armenian companies by investing in infrastructure in the border regions, such as railways, roads, warehouses and providing transparent, fair and effective public services, in particular...
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...Asia opens up widest margin over Europe for M&A deals In 2012 Asia-Pacific acquirers completed over 40 per cent more M&A deals than their European counterparts, according to Towers Watson’s Quarterly Deal Performance Monitor (QDPM), the largest margin since the research began in 2008. Companies in the region completed more M&A deals than Europe in a calendar year first in 2009, by a margin of 25 per cent. The research, run in partnership with Cass Business School, shows that Asia-Pacific dealmakers completed 183 deals in 2012 compared to 128 by their European counterparts, and similarly, completed more deals in every quarter of the year. The year-end figures, which contains data on all deals over $100 million completed in the year, show North American companies accounted for 422 deals, well over half of those completed worldwide this year. In terms of performance, Asia-Pacific companies that completed M&A deals performed in line with their MSCI index over the year. Despite an increase in activity by North American acquirers relative to their peers, year-to-date figures show post-deal performance of 1.3 pp below the North American MSCI index. In comparison, European acquirers continued to fare well with a positive performance 2.4 pp above the European MSCI index, even though the volume of deals completed was at its lowest level since 2009. Steve Allan, M&A Practice Leader for Europe at Towers Watson, said: “Asia-Pacific has steadily increased deal volumes throughout the...
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...Supply Chain Includes… facilities functions activities involved in the process of delivering a product or service from suppliers to their customers Supply Chain Functions and activities… planning and managing supply & demand acquiring materials producing & scheduling the product/service warehousing inventory control distribution customer service Supply chain management Coordinates all these activities so that customers can be provided with prompt and reliable service Successful supply chain management in turn can provide the company with a competitive advantage Facilities along the supply chain plants warehouses distribution centers service centers retail operations Distribution methods Rail truck water air pipeline computer mail Uncertainty in the chain wrong forecasts late deliveries poor-quality materials or parts machine breakdowns canceled orders slow information transportation breakdowns Coping with uncertainty Insurance inventory companies carry inventory to minimize the negative effects of uncertainty and to keep the productive process flowing smoothly from suppliers to the customer Controlling uncertainty... identifying and understanding the causes of the uncertainty determining how it affects other activities up and down the supply chain formulating ways to reduce or eliminate it Identifying and reducing uncertainty Strategically apply the principles of TQM statistical process control along supply chain Suppliers: use...
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...exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development ; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development ;Appl ied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology and environment ii) Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology and Urban climate. iii) Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sealevel changes; law of the sea and marine pollution. iv) Biogeography : : Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing...
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...Chapter 9 Summary Majority of Chapter 9, Transportation Risk Management, speaks of the Risk Management Process. The Risk Management Process breaks down into four different categories or steps. These steps, not in any particular type of order, include Risk Review and Monitoring, Risk Identity, Risk Analysis and Risk Management. In step 1, risk identification, the goal is to capture as many transportation disruption risks as possible. Some of the techniques that are used for risk identification include brainstorming, interviews, surveys, historical data and documented knowledge. Brainstorming usually can be identified as meetings that are held with knowledgeable members that participate in conversations that create new thoughts and ideas. During brainstorming, they take the original ideas and help make them into a stronger, complete list of risks. Interviews and surveys differ from brainstorming because they are used to capture transportation risk information from individuals while brainstorming is used upon a group of individuals. Historical data and documented knowledge provide a collection of information about specific transportation activities, service providers and trade lanes. (Coyle, P. 295) Some of the common transportation disruption risks include product loss, product damage, product contamination, delivery delay, supply chain interruption and security breach. Product loss consists of product pilferage, shipment jettison, piracy and hijacking. Product damage contains...
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...CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION HISTORY China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) is based on the national reform program, in July 1998 in the former China National Petroleum Corporation, established on the basis of the large petroleum and petrochemical enterprise group, is a state-authorized investment institutions and state holding company, is the implementation of upstream and downstream, domestic and foreign trade, production and marketing integration, according to the modern enterprise system and the operation of trans-regional, cross-sectoral, cross-border operations, integrated oil companies. As China's largest crude oil, natural gas producer, suppliers and the largest oil refining producer and suppliers, China National Petroleum Group is involved in oil, gas exploration and development, refining chemicals, pipeline transportation, oil and gas refinery product sales, petroleum engineering technical services, petroleum machinery manufacturing, oil trade and other fields, in China's oil and gas production, processing and market-dominant position in the U.S. "oil Intelligence Weekly" top 50 ranking of the world's oil companies, China National Petroleum Group, ranked No. 10 , in the "Fortune" magazine published in 2004, ranking the world's top 500 enterprises, from the previous year's first 69 upgraded to 52 bits, ranking ahead of 17. China National Petroleum Group registered a total capital of 114.9 billion Yuan, the existing total assets of 736.2 billion Yuan in...
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...9-295-100 Rev. August 7, 1997 Cross-Border Valuation Cross-border investment has assumed a prominent place among the key decisions facing investors and corporate managers. In today’s increasingly global marketplace, many investment projects, corporate acquisitions and mergers have important international components. The importance of cross-border valuation methods have been underscored by trends toward the relaxation of capital controls, European economic integration, and, since the early 1990s, the opening and growth of Eastern European, Russian, Asian and Latin American markets. Cross-border acquisitions have been a particularly prevalent form of investment since 1980. American corporations, for example, increased their acquisitions of foreign targets by 160% between 1980 and 1990. Acquisitions of American targets by foreign companies rose about 50% during the same period. Some transactions, such as Matsushita Electric's $6.9 billion acquisition of MCA, Inc. in 1991, have been quite large. The majority, however, have been well under $100 million in size, suggesting that these transactions are not just the domain of giant multinationals. Evaluating crossborder opportunities is a critical consideration of executives and investors from around the world. The objective of this note is to review basic methods of valuing cross-border investments and the main issues affecting such valuations. It is intended to be a source of guidance, not a comprehensive review of...
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