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U.S. Motor Vehicles and Parts Industry Profitability Analysis (Using Porter’s Five Forces of Competition Framework)

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U.S. Motor Vehicles and Parts Industry Profitability Analysis
(Using Porter’s Five Forces of Competition Framework)

Introduction
This paper will focus on the U.S. automotive industry and the low profitability it is currently experiencing. The U.S. auto industry can be considered an oligopoly with just three main players; General Motors (GM), Ford and Chrysler – known as the Big Three. From 1999 thru 2005, this segment recorded only 9.8% ROE, ranking it 36 out of the 50 industries (on page 68), resulting in the bottom 28th percentile. The industry’s profitability can be considered low, based on its ranking in this list of U.S. industries (against Japanese rivals, the Big Three made about $3800 less per car/truck and shrinking market share, 1996 - 74%, 2001 - 65%, 2006 - 57%).
Working against the industry are high labor costs (labor costs for the Big Three are about 10% more per vehicle, or $1500 per vehicle, than Japanese), rising health care costs for an ageing workforce (Toyota competitive advantage is $900-$1400 per vehicle just on healthcare per vehicle costs), rising fuel and raw material costs, ever toughening competition from Japanese and Korean manufacturers, and the struggling U.S. dollar (yen advantage in current exchange rate).
The following overview will use Porter’s Five Forces to show why the auto industry is experiencing such low profitability. The two Forces working against the industry (strong forces against profits) are (1) strong rivalry among competitors and (2) strong bargaining power of consumers. Two Forces that are both conducive and constraining to profits are (1) potential entrants and (2) substitutes. The last Force currently benefits the Big Three: supplier pricing power is weak.
I will conclude by giving examples of how the industry can alter these Forces to create a more attractive profit situation.

Industry Competitors –

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