...The Postal Strike of 1970 was the principle nationwide strike of federal specialists. It began in New York City on March 18, 1970, and quickly spread to more than 200,000 letter bearers, collaborators, and mail handlers nationwide. The walkout was incited by the poor pay earned by urban postal workers and the qualification in pay rates between the government and private parts. In spite of the way that the strike completed inside one week, it was responsible for an amazing overhaul of the relationship between the federal government and sorted out work. The wildcat improvement shot out with such suddenness that Congress, the Administration and the power of seven postal unions were not capable move quickly or feasibly to recuperate the men on their occupations. Union and Administration powers introduced in Washington toward the end of a week back, yet the illegal strike, which started in New York City, quickly spread to enveloping zones and relentlessly began strolling north to New England and westward the country over, hitting Akron, Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Dearborn, St. Paul, Detroit, Denver and San Francisco—and various more diminutive gatherings between. By week's end the strike had either shut down or shortened organization in more than 30 imperative urban groups, was at the same time spreading....
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...Labor Relations -Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector I. Union Membership II. Union Organization A. Unfair Labor Practices B. “Friendly Societies” III. Public Sector Unions A. Early Organization 1. Ten hour workday 2. Postal Workers 3. Boston Police Strike B. Legislation 1. Wagner Act 2. New York Executive Order 49 IV. Collective Bargaining A. Wisconsin B. Executive Order 10988 C. Taylor Law D. PATCO E. Opposition F. Advocacy V. Summary VI. Bibliography Labor Relations Today, union membership is at an all time low. It has been steadily declining since the 1980’s. Private sector union membership has been affected the most, while that of the public sector has remained relatively strong. Collective bargaining allows employees a voice regarding their wages, benefits and working conditions. The need for unions was a direct result of the unfair labor practices employed during the Industrial Revolution beginning in the late 18th century and continuing on into the early 20th century. During the Industrial Revolution, government adopted a hands-off attitude towards business. Therefore, business owners could treat their workers however they wished. It is largely due to the unsafe conditions, abuse of workers, and the employees’ lack of a voice over their employment that...
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...overall improvement in wages, working conditions and benefits for their members. While only 12% of the U.S. workforce today is under union contract; they still are establish a presence by way of strikes, mediation and impasses. Unions will form when employees believe that company management is practicing unfair labor standards and acts and will take action accordingly to meet their goals. This report will look into the history and implications labor unions have had on the U.S. workforce and what they mean for both companies and employees alike in today’s world. General History Famous Labor Strikes The Great Postal Strike of 1970 involved 200,000 postal workers who walked off the job to protest their pay rates, which when accounted barely surpassed the average cost of living in the United States during that time period (in accordance with inflationary rates). President Nixon sent 23,000 U.S. army and marine personnel to handle the mail system, but that failed due to the limited training they possessed working with the massive government operation. Within a week, the government reached an agreement with the worker’s union, allowing for a 14% pay raise for postal workers. As a result, the American Postal Workers Union became a powerful force in bargaining for worker’s rights- from pay raises to working conditions. The Battle of Cripple Creek Strike took place between the Free Coinage Union in California and the Cripple Creek Mining company. The company...
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...Assignment 1: Rationale and Analysis for Agency Selected, Part 1 Dr. Goliday Pad 530: Public Personnel Management July 14, 2013 Introduction The goal of The United States Postal Service is to create “a free flow of information between citizens and their government as a cornerstone of freedom, often spoke of a nation bound together by a system of postal roads and post offices.” (Longley 2013) Postal offices are forbidden to open any letters unless it is undeliverable The United States Postal Service (USPS) is responsible for providing postal services for the United States to all Americans no matter the geographical location. The United States Postal Service is an independent agency of the United States federal government that was formed Washington DC in July 1971. Benjamin Franklin was the first Postmaster General. In 1775 The United States Postal Service started to move the mail. In the 19th century the postal system helped to expand the West by providing a convenient inexpensive form of communication. The cost of stamps ranged from $0.05 to $0.10 depending on the distance the mail was traveling to and from. The post office used steamboats and railroads to deliver mail. On an annual basis the postal system carried roughly 2900 letters and newspapers. The postal services grew rapidly in the 20th Century, taking over air mail services, hiring roughly 40 pilots and delivering over 49 million letters to different places. Now the Post Office delivers over 170 billion pieces...
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...UPS and FedEx have dominated the delivery industry for several years dating as far back as 1907 research states. This paper will also detail how these types of services have made such a huge impact on the way consumers shipped and received goods. The timeline offered through both companies online websites detail the evolution of each company’s growth and development into the powerhouses that they are today. The Parcel and Express Delivery Industry The American Messenger Service was founded in Seattle Washington in 1907 by James E. Casey. 19-year-old Jim, as his friends referred to him started the small messenger service from a loan of $100 that he borrowed from a friend. Jim who was no stranger to the delivery business decided to strike out on his own. He and his partner Claude Ryan and their team which included Jim’s brother George took up shop in their basement headquarters taking on several odd jobs delivering packages, baggage, notes, ran errands and at times delivered trays of food from local restaurants. Automobiles were sparse at the time so most of the company’s deliveries were made on foot and by bicycle if the distance was longer. Horse and buggy was the method used by the department stores for larger parcel shipments. Despite there being several other messenger services at the time the company did quite well, this due in part to Jim’s firm policies which included low cost, reliability , customer courtesy and 24-hour availability. Jim’s slogan was “Best Service...
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...The World’s Two Largest Air Cargo Companies: FedEx and UPS Introduction In the packaging industry there are two main competitors which are FedEx and UPS. The leader of the market is FedEx in my opinion. These companies both are using technology to try to stay ahead in the industry and to maintain a hold on the consumer base. Their consumer base includes both individuals and businesses market. The beginnings of new technologies every day as our world is continuously starting to grow smaller. The rate at which we receive and relay information and the ease at which it is accessed has increased exponentially. With this comes an increased awareness and demand by the average consumer for goods and services rendered which is to be received equally as fast. This creates an increased responsibility and burden, for the logistics supply chains and corporations to their stakeholders, to ensure that they maintain the competitive advantage needed to compete in today’s global market. FedEx and UPS begin as the United States major parcel service and has a unique challenge compared to other companies providing goods and services, but they are more than capable to handle the challenges. They both have strong backgrounds and greats services that they provide. We will discuss the history of the companies, their missions, services, geographical converges, and technology. History FedEx was formed in 1971by Fredrick Smith who started the idea of the business as an undergraduate term paper for...
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...I. Introduction Globalization coupled with technology has dramatically altered the competitive landscape of corporate America. As corporations fight for scarce resources, and savvy consumers equipped with greater knowledge through the World Wide Web gain bargaining power, the necessity for big business to improve supply chain management procedures has intensified. The explosive growth of emerging markets like China and India creates both opportunities and challenges in transporting goods and services. The businesses that can leverage technological advances are in a position to garner market share and add value to their shareholders. FedEx has become a world leader in the parcel delivery business. The name FedEx evokes thoughts of getting packages to customers the next day. FedEx now is used as a verb to tell customers that a shipment will be sent so that it is received the next day. Delivering a product on-schedule is the result of multiple business processes working seamlessly to create a Value Chain that yields a firm greater profit over costs (Dess, Lumpkin, & Eisner, 2007). A primary activity of the Value Chain is Supply Chain Management (SCM). Supply Chain Management is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer ((2006). Supply Chain Management Retrieved April 24, 2007, from http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci214546,00.html ) Running...
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...Русский | USINFO > Publications An Outline of the U.S. Economy Related Item USA Economy in Brief CONTENTS Continuity and Change This volume was prepared for the U.S. Department of State by Christopher Conte, a former editor and reporter for the Wall Street Journal, with Albert R. Karr, a former Wall Street Journal reporter. It updates several previous editions that had been issued by the U.S. Information Agency beginning in 1981. How the U.S. Economy Works The U.S. Economy: A Brief History Small Business and the Corporation Stocks, Commodities, and Markets The Role of the Government in the Economy Monetary and Fiscal Policy American Agriculture: Its Changing Significance (Posted February 2001) Labor in America: The Worker's Role Other Language Versions: Foreign Trade and Global Economic Policies Afterword: Beyond Economics Glossary Executive Editor: George Clack | Editor: Kathleen E. Hug | Art Director: Barbara Long Illustrations: Lisa Manning | Internet Editor: Barbara Long This site is produced and maintained by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. Links to other internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views contained therein. Home | About USINFO | Site Index | Webmaster | Privacy Topics | Regions | Resource Tools | Products | | Continuity and Change How the U.S. Economy Works The U.S. Economy: A Brief History Small Business and the Corporation ...
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...Chapter 2: How Airline Markets Work...Or Do They? Regulatory Reform in the Airline Industry Severin Borenstein and Nancy L. Rose October 2008 Severin Borenstein is E.T. Grether Professor of Business Administration and Public Policy at the Haas School of Business, U.C. Berkeley (www.haas.berkeley.edu), Director of the University of California Energy Institute (www.ucei.org), and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research (www.nber.org). Address: Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1900. Email: borenste@haas.berkeley.edu. Nancy Rose is Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (econwww.mit.edu) and a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Address: MIT Department of Economics, E52-280b, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge MA 02142-1347. Email: nrose@mit.edu. Nancy Rose gratefully acknowledges fellowship support from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and MIT. We thank Andrea Martens, Jen-Jen L’ao, Yao Lu and Michael Bryant for research assistance on this project. For helpful comments and discussions, we thank Jim Dana, Joe Farrell, Michael Levine, Steven Berry, participants in the NBER conference on regulatory reform, September 2005, and seminars at University of Toronto, Northwestern University, University of Michigan, UC Berkeley, and UC Davis. This paper is forthcoming as Chapter 2 of Economic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?, N.L....
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...UV2561 Rev. Sept. 7, 2011 FEDEX CORP. VERSUS UNITED PARCEL SERVICE OF AMERICA, INC.: WHO WILL DELIVER RETURNS FROM CHINA? On April 17, 2006, the International Air Cargo Association hosted its first-ever meeting in China. The location could not have been more appropriate. China was shaping up to be the world’s most significant market for air cargo, and Yan Yuanyuan, director general of China’s General Administration of Civil Aviation, had just announced that China would be opening up its air cargo market to an even greater degree. The major global cargo companies had been picking up their level of investment in China and were poised for growth: FedEx Corp. had just begun construction of a major regional hub in Guangzhou and already had over 200 Chinese cities in its international network, and United Parcel Service of America, Inc. (UPS), was just completing a new logistics hub in Shanghai and had recently begun domestic Chinese express package services. The question on the minds of many was which of these two cargo giants was going to make the most of this opportunity. Spurred in part by entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, growth in trade with China had accelerated and the need for cargo shipment and logistics support had skyrocketed. On June 18, 2004, the United States and China reached a landmark air-transportation agreement that quintupled the number of commercial cargo flights between the two countries. The agreement also allowed for the establishment...
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...Anthropology Lecture 1 introduction Common Misconceptions with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal but regulated pharmaceutical drugs that aren't recreational at all. - Whether if a drug is considered bad and is prohibited depends on the culture of the society in a particular period. What is culture ? The definition of culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions...
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...Critique of Nonviolent Politics From Mahatma Gandhi to the Anti-Nuclear Movement by Howard Ryan (howard@netwood.net) Preface 2 Part I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Problems of Nonviolent Theory Nonviolent Philosophy 6 Moral View: Violence Itself Is Wrong 9 Practical View: Violence Begets Violence 13 Nonviolent Theory of Power 21 Voluntary Suffering 24 Common Nonviolent Arguments 34 A Class Perspective 49 Part II 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gandhi: A Critical History Father of Nonviolence 56 Satyagraha in South Africa 59 Textile Strike 66 Noncooperation Movement 1919-22 70 Religious Conflicts 80 Salt Satyagraha 87 Congress Ministries 97 The War Years 101 Independence and Bloodshed 111 Part III 17 18 19 20 Nonviolence in the Anti-Nuclear Movement Nonviolent Direct Action 120 Consensus Decision Making 123 Open, Friendly, and Respectful 136 Civil Disobedience 142 Epilogue 151 Notes 154 ©2002 by Howard Ryan. All rights reserved. Readers have my permission to use and distribute for non-profit and educational purposes. Critique of Nonviolent Politics 2 Preface (2002) Critique of Nonviolent Politics may be the only comprehensive critique of nonviolent theory that has been written. I wrote it between 1980 and 1984, while living in Berkeley, California. Since 1977, I had been active in the movement against nuclear power and weapons which, in California, focused its protests at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant near San Luis Obispo, and at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore Labs where...
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...Essay Topic: Critically explain and discuss the meaning of international labour law and explore through a rights-based approach the extent of individual rights employment law legislation in CARICOM states. 1|P ag e What is labour law? Before understanding international labour law one must first understand what is labour Law. Simply put by Eaton (2005: p. 109) Labour Law is that part of law that deals with individuals and legal persons in their capacity as employees and employers, i.e. concerned with work and the relationship arising from it.” Clive Pegus on the other hand described it as consisting of “principles, rules and norms that regulate employment relations”, which is “primarily concerned with the rights of workers, trade union and employers, standards applicable to employment relations and the regulation of industrial relations and the labour market”. He also cited Deakin and Morris who argue that “a broader perspective would see labour law as the normative framework for the existence and operation of all the institutions of the labour market: the business enterprise, trade unions, employers’ associations and, in its capacity as regulator and as employer, the state. The starting point for analysis is the existence of the employment relationship as a distinct economic and legal category.” Using Deakin and Morris’s definition, Dunlop’s Systems Theory comes alive as labour law can be seen as the “rules” that govern behaviour (normative framework) within the Industrial...
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...United Parcel Service: Moving at the Speed of Business 1. What is UPS's business model? Does it move at the "speed of business"? Explain. 2. Who is UPS's target market? What service(s) is UPS providing? 3. Who are UPS's competitors? What are the limits of their business models? UPS has been rated "America's most admired mail, package and freight delivery company" for sixteen consecutive years by surveys conducted by Fortune magazine, and in 1998 was named "world's most admired" in the same category. United Parcel Service (UPS) is one of America's ten largest airlines. It is the largest private user of cellular technology on earth. Its drivers' handheld computers make a million wireless calls a day. UPS also handles about six percent of the nation's daily gross domestic product. The $24 billion company (see Table 1 for historical financial data) has 330,000 employees, delivering 12 million packages a day to seven million customers. Company revenues for the quarter ending March 31, 1999, totaled $6.33 billion, up 8% compared to the $5.86 billion reported for the same period in 1998. Net income for the 1st quarter rose to $499 million compared to the $352 million reported for the same period in 1998, a 42% jump. As the world's largest package distribution company, UPS transports more than 3 billion parcels and documents annually (See Table 2 for industry data). UPS operates more than 500 aircraft, 157,000 vehicles and 2,400 package and sorting centers to provide service...
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...United Parcel Service: Moving at the Speed of Business 1. What is UPS's business model? Does it move at the "speed of business"? Explain. 2. Who is UPS's target market? What service(s) is UPS providing? 3. Who are UPS's competitors? What are the limits of their business models? UPS has been rated "America's most admired mail, package and freight delivery company" for sixteen consecutive years by surveys conducted by Fortune magazine, and in 1998 was named "world's most admired" in the same category. United Parcel Service (UPS) is one of America's ten largest airlines. It is the largest private user of cellular technology on earth. Its drivers' handheld computers make a million wireless calls a day. UPS also handles about six percent of the nation's daily gross domestic product. The $24 billion company (see Table 1 for historical financial data) has 330,000 employees, delivering 12 million packages a day to seven million customers. Company revenues for the quarter ending March 31, 1999, totaled $6.33 billion, up 8% compared to the $5.86 billion reported for the same period in 1998. Net income for the 1st quarter rose to $499 million compared to the $352 million reported for the same period in 1998, a 42% jump. As the world's largest package distribution company, UPS transports more than 3 billion parcels and documents annually (See Table 2 for industry data). UPS operates more than 500 aircraft, 157,000 vehicles and 2,400 package and sorting centers to provide service...
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