...identified key plans and the corresponding changes to the federal tax code that would fund these plans on his website. The revenues needed to pay for these plans would come from five primary sources: increases in (1) federal income taxes, (2) payroll taxes, (3) business income taxes, (4) estate/gift taxes, and (5) two new excise taxes. There is variance regarding the amount the plan would generate in a decade but the average is roughly $14.5 trillion. Aside from personal opinions regarding changes, the intrinsic questions seem to be- Will Bernie’s proposed changes to the tax code generate enough revenue to cover his plans? Economists’ predictions along with Sanders’s own estimates state that no, Sander’s tax plan will not be able to generate enough revenues to cover all of his plans as expansively larger taxes and governmental spending will severely damage long-term economic growth. In order to analyze Sander’s plan more in depth, it is beneficial to look at each proposed change to the federal tax code individually. First, increases in federal income taxes. There are many changes Sander’s has proposed in regards to income taxes but according to the Tax Policy Center, the three changes that are expected to generate the biggest portion of revenue over the next decade are: (1) four new surtax brackets for high-income households; (2) taxing of gains/dividends as ordinary income; and (3) raising the net investment income tax to 10 percent. Collectively, the increases to federal income...
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... page 2 3. Present Trade Position page 3 3.1 Current Account Deficit page 3+4 3.2 Net Foreign Debt page 4+5 4. Australia’s Trade Policy page 5 3.4 Trade Liberalization and Protection in Australia page 6 3.5 The Australian Dollar page 6 3.6 SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities Cost and Threat) Analysis page7 3.7 CBA for Structural Reform page 8 4. Conclusion page 9 5. Recommendation page 9+10 6. Reference page 11 1. Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to analysis present of Australia’s trade position and prepared a plan for improving Australia’s position. Specific objectives were to identify key economic problems in term of trade and current account. Problems and solutions were found in the trade and current account though Carbon tax with high Australian dollar is likely to force radical structural reform on the economy and the manufacturing. The report recommends using structural reform to improve Australia’s trade position. Furthermore, Carbon tax initially acts against competitive international trade. In the long term, it can offer solutions to the two sector economy. 2. Introduction Since the onset of the East Asian economic and financial crisis in late 1997 the Australian economy has continued to record strong growth, despite many of Australia’s Asian major trading partners (MTPs) experiencing recession...
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...Assessment / Environmental Scan: CREST ANALYSIS 5 2.1 Analysis of the Competitive Landscape 5 2.1.0 Porters Five Forces: Global Beverage Industry 5 2.3 Economic 7 2.4 Social 7 2.5 Technology 7 2.6 Natural 8 3.0 SWOT Analysis 9 4.0 Alternatives 9 4.1 Alternative #1: Maintain business model 9 4.2 Alternative #2: Change business model 10 4.3 Alternative #3: Combination of new product and sustainable conduct 11 5.0 Evaluation 12 5.1 Analysis of the Alternatives 12 5.1.0 Alternative 1 12 5.1.1 Alternative 2 13 5.1.2 Alternative 3 13 6.0 Recommendations 13 7.0 Action Plan 14 8.0 Contingency Plan 15 9.0 Conclusion 15 10.0 References 16 Introduction FIJI Water was founded David Gilmour a Canadian hotel and gold mining mogul. In 1996, FIJI Water started its operations in the Islands of Fiji (McMaster & Nowak, 2009). They leased land from the Fijian government that was located on top of a massive artesian aquifer in the Yaqara Valley of Fiji's main island (McMaster & Nowak, 2009). FIJI Water was able to successfully attract consumers to its pure artesian water with slogans like "untouched" and "unpolluted" (McMaster & Nowak, 2009). With adopting a successful branding and marketing strategy, FIJI Water gained competitive advantage over its competitors through creating a unique brand image that is portrayed healthy, trendy, and high-end. Recently, FIJI Water has been facing heavy criticism not just for its carbon footprint, but also for its entire business...
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...WIDERhelsinki Chapters 1, 2 and 12 of August 2003 New Sources for Development Finance edited by A B Atkinson, Nuffield College, OXFORD Contents Chapter 1 Innovative Sources for Development Finance by A B Atkinson Over-Arching Issues By A B Atkinson Global Public Economics by J A Mirrlees National Taxation, Fiscal Federalism and Global Taxation by R Boadway* Environmental Taxation and Revenue for Development by A Sandmo* Revenue Potential of the Tobin Tax for Development Finance: A Critical Appraisal by M Nissanke* A Development-Focused Allocation of the Special Drawing Rights by E Aryeetey* The International Finance Facility Proposal by G Mavrotas* Private Donations for International Development by J Micklewright and A Wright* A Global Lottery and a Global Premium Bond by T Addison and A Chowdhury* Remittances by Emigrants: Issues and Evidence by A Solimano* The Way Forward by A B Atkinson Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 * These chapters are available on the WIDER website. Chapter 1 Innovative Sources for Development Finance 1 A B Atkinson, Nuffield College, Oxford Introduction 1 Innovative Sources to Meet a Global Challenge 2 New Development Finance: Innovative Sources 3 Origins of the Proposals 4 Political Economy 5 Criteria for Evaluation 6 Guide to the Contents of the Book Box 1 The Millennium Development Goals Box 2 Innovative Sources of Development Funding Considered Here...
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...Trading ------------------------------------------------- Assignment 2 ------------------------------------------------- Onesteel Prepared by: Wayne Andrews Student number: 41712986 September 2011 Subject Number : ECFS905 Lecturer : Julian Turecek Class : Sydney P. T. Company Selection Select an ASX200 company that is expected to have a carbon exposure equal to or greater than 2% of EBITDA at a $23/t carbon price. Question 1 Determine the company’s carbon exposure, including direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2) emissions and establish that its exposure is greater than 2%. The following table summarises Onesteel’s actual and estimated for FY10, FY11 and FY12 emissions and imputed carbon cost under the currently proposed Carbon Tax, relative to reported EBITDA. Table 1 – Implied impact of carbon pricing imputed to 2010 results | Company Guidance | Fixed Price imputed for comparison | Fiscal year commencing | FY10 | FY10 | FY11 | FY12 | Carbon Price (FY10/11 theoretical) | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | EITE Assistance Rate | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.5% | 94.5% | EBIT DA $Mil | 619.0 | 619.0 | 638.0 | 717.6 | Type 1 Emissions | 2.55 | 2.55 | 2.66 | 3.05 | Type 2 Emissions | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1.40 | 1.60 | Total Emissions Type 1 & 2 MtCo2e | 3.89 | 3.89 | 4.06 | 4.65 | ...
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...top 20% of the population earn $45,292/ year,and the bottom 20% live on $23,069/ year. It is one of only three countries- besides Morocco and Spain, to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. France remains a great power with significant cultural, economic, military, and political influence in Europe and around the world. It has the world's sixth-largest military budget, and third-largest stockpile of nuclear weapons, along with second-largest diplomatic corps, after the US. France is one of the largest economies in the EU, with GDP of $2.26 trillion in 2013 (constant 2005 prices). The country's well-developed infrastructure and strong services sector support the economy. But although France has low levels of poverty and income inequality, it suffers from relatively high levels of unemployment and high labor costs. The term of international business is taking an important place in the world today and many factors are related to international business. A through external environment analysis is very important before a business is started in a particular country....
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... Standard Error | 611.7650139 | Observations | 66 | | | | Coefficients | Standard Error | t Stat | P-value | Intercept | -7.962621221 | 83.69853866 | -0.095134531 | 0.924505216 | GDP Data (USD $M) | 0.001155711 | 3.40948E-05 | 33.89703095 | 1.32639E-42 | Table 1. Oil Consumption and GDP GDP regression analysis results Table 1 above shows that 94.7% of the 2010 oil demand of selected countries can be explained by the explanatory variable (2010 GDP growth of those countries). The remaining 5.3% of the oil demand in 2010 is unknown and cannot be explained using the linear regression model Oil demand = 1 + (2*GDP) + Residual. Additionally, a $ USD 1,155.71 increase in a country’s GDP will lead to a 1,000 barrel per day increase in that country’s oil demand, assuming all other variables are held fixed. Figure 1. Oil consumption by country The graph above shows the predicted vs. actual oil consumption by country using GDP and oil consumed (‘000 barrel per day) data for 2010. Based from the above, the U.S. was the top oil consumer in 2010. It consumed 16.7 M barrels per day - exceeding the benchmark result from the regression analysis by 15% or 2.4 M barrels per day. Other countries observed to have exceeded their benchmarked oil consumption are Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Iran, Canada, Korea, Venezuela, Thailand, UAE, Kuwait, Netherlands, Indonesia, Russia, Mexico, Egypt, Malaysia and Brazil. On the other side of the equation where the actual oil consumption...
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...Economics of Climate Change Sachin Sharma 11060221060 Research Supervisor: Mrs. Sukalpa Chakrabarti A Dissertation Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Economics (2011 - 2014) Symbiosis School of Economics CONSTITUENT OF SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (Established Under Section 3 Of The UGC Act 1956, By Notification No F9-12/2001-U.3 Of Government Of India) EXAMINERS’ CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation titled ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE submitted by has been assessed and graded towards the partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Science (Economics) in the academic year 2011-14. ____________________________ (Signature) Name of Internal Examiner: _________________________________________ ____________________________ (Signature) Name of External Examiner: _________________________________________ Date: Time: Place: Symbiosis School of Economics CONSTITUENT OF SYMBIOSIS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (Established Under Section 3 Of The UGC Act 1956, By Notification No F9-12/2001-U.3 Of Government Of India) Submission Checklist | Tick the field on the left of the list | | INITIAL PRECONTENT MATTER | | Filled in all fields on the title page. | | Filled in the acknowledgments page. | | Filled in the executive summary page. Dissertation abstract is fewer than 350 words. | PAGE NUMBERS | | No page number...
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...Table of Contents * Executive Summary 2 * Company Profile 3 * Business Model 3 * Strategy 4 * Market Environment Analysis * Carbon Tax 4 * Tourism 5 * Industry Outlook 5 * SWOT Analysis 6 * Financial Analysis * Profitability 9 * Liquidity 16 * Solvency 17 * Comparison With Virgin Australia * Profitability 19 * Liquidity 20 * Solvency 21 * Conclusion and Recommendation 22 Reference 23 Appendix Calculation spreadsheet – Qantas 27 Calculation spreadsheet – Virgin Australia 28 * Executive Summary This report is prepared for the purpose of evaluating a potential equity investment in Qantas Airways Limited. The analysis is mainly conducted from two different approaches, including qualitative analysis by examining the overall market environment and Qantas’ operation strategies as well as quantitative analysis of the company’s financial performance. The financial analysis is mainly focused on its profitability, liquidity and solvency and we also selected one of its major competitor Virgin Australia for comparison purpose. Overall, we have concluded that Qantas may not have a satisfying financial performance currently, however, it has great potential for growth in the future. And therefore, we expressed a ‘buy’ recommendation for Qantas...
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...Corporate Carbon Strategies Threats and opportunities arising from the new energy imperative Reference Code: BI00036-019 Publication Date: March 2011 1 About the authors Professor Merlin Stone Merlin is Head of Research at The Customer Framework. He is author or co-author of many articles and thirty books and also on the editorial advisory boards of several academic journals. He has a first class honors degree and doctorate in economics from Sussex University, UK. In parallel to his business career, he has also pursued a full academic career, holding senior posts at various universities. He is now a visiting professor at De Montfort, Oxford Brookes and Portsmouth Universities, teaches economics for the Open University and marketing for Exeter University. Jane Fae Ozimek The author is a writer and researcher in the areas of IT, Business and the Law. Jane is currently editor of the Journal of Database Marketing and has previously published works on the use of statistics in business and Marketing Resource Management. Recent research papers include publications on the misuse of security protocols by major corporations, and a re-evaluation of the Loyalty Ladder concept in marketing theory. Jane was also co-author of the recently published Carbon Trading and the Effect of the Copenhagen Agreement (published by Business Insights, 2010). 2 Disclaimer Copyright © 2011 Business Insights Ltd This report is published by Business Insights (the Publisher). This report...
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...opportunity to improve both global trade governance and the domestic trade environment to ensure that trade contributes positively to a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication. 4) Unilateral policy measures: Many countries seem committed to the use of trade measures to persuade other countries to change their domestic environmental practices, despite the fact that many measures may be contrary to GATT-WTO rules (see Table 1 and discussion). 5) International environmental, climate change agreements/conventions: The outcome of negotiations on climate change will have an influence on trade, e.g., by affecting the consumption of various natural resources which are traded and shifting demand for various low-carbon technologies (see Table 1). Some countries have expressed concerns that a green economy transition could cause their export industries to 1 experience declining demand or competitiveness. These concerns can be...
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...Electric Cars Industry History of Automobile Industry The history of automobile dates back to 17th century as a Flemish Jesuit missionary, Ferdinand Verbiest, built a steam-powered vehicle to Chinese Emperor Kangxi as a toy. In 1769 French inventor Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot improved Verbiest’s car by constructing a car which could hold a driver. But only in 1886 German engineer Karl Benz invented the first real useful car, considered a first automobile powered by internal-combustion engine. A few years later, a guy named Henry Ford applied for work with Thomas Edison. Ford started working with steam-powered engines the Edison’s company used to make electricity for US cities. While working at Edison’s company Ford came up with machine called Ford Quadricycle, ran by internal internal combustion engine and in 1899 Ford founded the Detroit Automobile Company. Company soon failed and after few other unsuccessful attempts Ford finally formed Ford Motor, a first automobile manufacturer, company in 1903. In the beginning of car industry, a time when the technology was completely new, 40% of American cars were powered by steam, while 38% were electric and 22% had gas engines. So, in the beginning of the automobile industry it was really unclear which direction in will turn. Steam engine, internal combustion engine and electricity had almost equal starting positions to become a standard for powering cars. Even at the time with inventions of Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla electricity may...
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...approach should be used. This means that companies should be aware of external environmental factors, including those external to the country in which they are based. According to Yüksel (2012), an effective method to determine the macro-environmental effects on a company and the company's ability to take these conditions and choose an appropriate direction is the PESTEL analysis (Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Environmental, Legal). To utilize this tool even further, one can apply PESTEL and the effects of the macro-environment to their business and evaluate the apparent or implicit effects on the marketing mix. Companies such as Qantas, an Australian airline company could greatly benefit from the application of PESTEL analysis. After a huge financial loss in 2011 and a huge decline in market share forcing a major structural change and the cut of 1000 jobs (Gelineau 2011), Qantas needs to observe the effects the macro-environmental effects on its marketing mix. By doing so, it will gain more insight towards making a decision of majority ownership. It must be noted, that while an in depth analysis of each of the PESTEL macro-environmental factors is important, this report will take a broad approach, analysing the political, socio-cultural, technological and legal factors in relation to the marketing mix of Qantas. |Political Factors Firstly, it is important that marketer's realise the...
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...Foundation prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmission without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7; phone (519) 661-3208; fax (519) 661-3882; e-mail cases@ivey.uwo.ca. Copyright © 2009, Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation Version: 2011-09-21 “Bottled water is a disaster, for several reasons. First there’s the issue of the sustainability of underground aquifers, from where much of the bottled water is drawn. And then there’s the carbon footprint. Water is heavy, and transporting it around the world uses a lot of energy.” Jeff Angel, Total Environment Centre, Sydney, Australia2 “We survived before we had water in bottles. It is unnecessary. When you see water imported from Fiji in plastic bottles, you know it’s bad for the environment all round.” Lee Rhiannon, Australia’s Greens MP3 “I think the world is slowly going insane. No thanks but I prefer water in bottles, that way you know it’s clean and you know, healthy. Not a sacrifice people should make when plastic bags are still rampant. Those Greens are extremists and I don’t see this ‘tap water alternative’ ever being viable.” Anthony L, N.S.W.4 “Consumers who choose...
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...A Meta-Analysis of the Economic Impacts of Climate Change Policy in the United States Adam Rose* and Noah Dormady** This paper provides a meta-analysis of a broad set of recent studies of the economic impacts of climate change mitigation policies. It evaluates the infiuences of the impacts of causal factors, key economic assumptions and macroeconomic linkages on the outcome of these studies. A quantité regression analysis is also performed on the meta sample, to evaluate the robustness of those key factors throughout the full range of macro findings. Results of these analyses suggest that study results are strongly driven by data inputs, economic assumptions and modeling approaches. However, they are sometimes affected in counterintuitive ways. 1. INTRODUCTION The macroeconomic impacts of climate change mitigation policies are controversial among both scholars and the policy-making community. Results range from predictions of severe economic harm to significant overall economic gains. Given the unresolved nature of this debate, this paper seeks to shed light on it by evaluating a wide range of macroeconomic studies through a metaanalytic approach. Meta-analysis is a method for evaluating a cross-section of studies on a given topic, and evaluating the impacts of assumptions, input variables and modeling approaches on the overall findings of the studies. In essence, meta-analysis is a study of studies (Borenstein et al., 2009; Lipsey and Wilson 2001). The Energy...
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