...examination table, she held her husband’s hand who had a huge smile on his face too. The ultrasound technician soon walks into the exam room and began preparing Jane by applying the gel on the transducer and her abdomen. The technician searches continuously, but soon grew a concerned face, which then worried Jane. After the ultrasound technician had not found a heartbeat, a confirmation from an Obstetrician-Gynecologist...
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...Solution to Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sonography Sonography, as a profession, is often enticing. When most individuals think of sonography, the thought that comes to mind is a sonogram with the pictures of a baby in gestation within a mother’s womb. Though this can be an interesting and rewarding career choice, this profession, as in most, can have its drawbacks. Many sonographers are at risk of suffering from musculoskeletal injuries and a significant amount are already experiencing injuries, especially those with considerable workloads and ones who have been in the profession for a large amount of time. In order to make sonography a safer profession, the work environment of sonographers must be redesigned with better ergonomics in mind. Having a safer ergonomic design must play an essential part of equipment design, along with changes to the layout of the work setting. Musculoskeletal Disorder also known as work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD) can include a number of symptoms ranging from swelling and inflammation of the muscles, spasms, tingling or burning sensations, to the loss of sensation completely (Coffin, 2014). In certain cases, a loss of muscle strength can occur. While this disorder is accumulative, the symptoms considered to be small can evolve to become more critical and also debilitating. Among North American sonographers in 1997, the occurrences of musculoskeletal injury were 84% and increased to 90% in 2008 (Coffin, 2014). According to the...
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...including all the ultrasound exams. Due to the lack of knowledge when a woman gets pregnant they end up choosing to go with a midwife electing out of ultrasounds due to safety concerns and personal beliefs. Although it is the families choice, ultrasounds should always be performed in order to check the well being of the unborn baby. History Ultrasound was initially used by boat men to detect flaws in ships while building them. In 1956, in Glasgow, Scotland ultrasound...
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...Diagnostic Medical Sonography Boy or girl? As a Diagnostic medical sonographer, one could be the one to answer the big question for most families with the help of ultrasound technology. Besides babies, sonograms can also generate images of body organs and tissues to diagnose medical conditions. The process starts with placing a small device called a transducer against the patient's skin near the body tissue to be imaged. The transducer is like a microphone because it can transmit and receive sound. The transducer sends a stream of high frequency (depending on the frequency the sonographer has picked) sound waves into the body that bounce off the interior body. These sounds are analyzed by a machine to make an image of the structure on a television screen. It appears almost to be like an x-ray but slightly different and less dangerous to the body. Skills, Required Education and Salary Expectations, Tools and Technologies Work Environment. Skills. Taking the responsibility as a...
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...“Approximately 4% of radiologic interpretations rendered by radiologists in their daily practice contain errors. Fortunately, most of these errors are of such minor degree, or if serious are found and corrected with sufficient promptness, that they do not cause injury to patients.” (Berlin, L., 2007) Despite these errors, the actual harm to the patient is limited in the radiologic field, and yet the occurrence for medical malpractice lawsuits is still relatively high. In many cases a judge can rule that the diagnostic error was committed by a radiologist thus was the result of negligence and therefore the radiologist will be held. The medical practice of x-ray was developed by Wilhelm Rontgen about a hundred years ago, and at the time it was proclaimed as a great breakthrough in medicine that would help eliminate misdiagnosis. As the practice developed it became a means of looking inside a patient's body and the use for diagnostic evidence has increased through other forms of radiology such as CT Scans, Sonograms and Ultrasounds which are...
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...Appendicitis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | Appendicitis is a medical emergency characterized by inflammation of the appendix, many cases of which require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Untreated, mortality is high, mainly because of the risk of rupture leading to infection and inflammation of the intestinal lining (peritoneum) and eventual sepsis, clinically known as peritonitis which can lead to circulatory shock. Reginald Fitz first described acute and chronic appendicitis in 1886, and it has been recognized as one of the most common causes of severe acute abdominal pain worldwide. A correctly diagnosed non-acute form of appendicitis is known as "rumbling appendicitis". Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 5 and 40; the median age is 28. It tends to affect males, those in lower income groups, and, for unknown reasons, people living in rural areas. The term "pseudoappendicitis" is used to describe a condition mimicking appendicitis. It can be associated with Yersinia enterocolitica. acute appendicitis appendicitis of acute onset, requiring prompt surgery, and usually marked by pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant, referred rebound tenderness, overlying muscle spasm, and cutaneous hyperesthesia. chronic appendicitis 1. that characterized by fibrotic thickening of the organ wall due to previous acute inflammation. 2. formerly, chronic or recurrent pain in the appendiceal area, without evidence of acute...
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...spend in gynecology vary widely and can range from community clinics to gynecologic surgery. This clerkship is highly dependent on how much effort you put into it, as evaluations from residents and faculty make up a significant portion of your grade. The clerkship is generally VERY organized, which you will learn to appreciate as you go through other clerkships. Didactics: There are lectures one day per week, which are mandatory. You will be excused from all clinical duties on your didactic day. Apart from the lectures, you will have quizzes over certain topics in Ob-Gyn (refer to syllabus for schedule). The course textbook (Beckman) is an excellent study guide for these quizzes, but make sure you have the latest edition! Other helpful study resources are the online APGO quizzes, Blue Prints, First Aid and Case Files. You are allowed to wear casual clothes on didactic days. Small Groups: The small group sessions are where you will present your H&P and discuss your patient and treatment options. You will typically present a patient and learning issue in a Powerpoint presentation, but this varies with faculty. This is a good chance to impress a faculty member if you are looking for letters of recommendation. Otherwise, if is a good chance to improve your presentation...
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...I. OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT “Out patient department is defined as apart of the hospital with allotted physical facilities and medical and other staff in sufficient numbers, with regularly scheduled hours, to provide care for patients who are registered as inpatients. Categories of outpatients: • Emergency Outpatients – Patient given emergency care as a result of sudden severe illness or accident. • Referred Outpatients – Patient referred to the OPD by a physician or specialist. • General Outpatients – Patient referred by other physicians, given diagnosis and/or therapeutic services on an outpatient basis. PROCEDURE AT OPD Patient Visits the OPD reception Meet the executive – OPD Fill the OPD form which includes Patient’s Name, Age, Address, Consultants name etc. Pays the required amount at OPD registration counter OPD file preparation by OPD executive Prescription is given by the doctor Further investigation (pathological/radiological) is done if prescribed Consultation charges are to be repaid on every 14th day of previous consultation. Functions of OPD • General Diagnosis and Treatment. • Prescription for further investigation and diagnosis. Organization of OPD Staff of OPD is made up of four major organizational components: 1. Medical Staff. o Most important and central to the organization. o Include the Doctors and Consultants. 2. Nursing staff:...
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...BORN, BLOSSOM AND TOUCH THE SKY Declining Sex ratio in Gujarat : Campaign Against Sex Determination and Sex Pre-selection. - Dr. Trupti Shah, "in our society the male child is always a precious child for a mother having three daughters. To her it is of a more value. Because of illiteracy and social customs the status of a mother would change after having a male child." The above mentioned lines are not quoted form the speech of some traditional Kathakar (preacher). These were the wording in a judgement dated 10th July 2001, by the Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, Ahmedabad in Complaint No. 271/1993. The Consumer Redressal Commission has delivered an order of compensation of Rs. 25,000 for medical negligence in a case that involved sex determination and subsequent abortion of a foetus, which was earlier detected as female foetus but after the abortion it was found out to be a male foetus. In addition, the Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission further observes, “The loss of motherhood of only male child can not be compensated by any amount." This attitude of people sitting in judiciary reflect the kind of forces we are fighting in Gujarat. The data from 2001 Census make this point much more clear. Gujarat is among the top four states (including Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh) to register the most alarming declines in the number of girls in the 0-6 years category. Gujarat is one of the DEMARU states as termed by Ashish Bose. 1. Declining Sex...
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...Of all gynecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer continues to have the highest mortality and is the most difficult to diagnose. In the United States female population, ovarian cancer ranks fifth in absolute mortality among cancer related deaths (13,000/yr). In most reported cases, ovarian cancer, when first diagnosed is in stages III or IV in about 60 to 70% of patients which further complicates treatment of the disease (Barber, 3). Early detection in ovarian cancer is hampered by the lack of appropriate tumor markers and clinically, most patients fail to develop significant symptoms until they reach advanced stage disease. The characteristics of ovarian cancer have been studied in primary tumors and in established ovarian tumor cell lines which provide a reproducible source of tumor material. Among the major clinical problems of ovarian cancer, malignant progression, rapid emergence of drug resistance, and associated cross-resistance remain unresolved. Ovarian cancer has a high frequency of metastasis yet generally remains localized within the peritoneal cavity. Tumor development has been associated with aberrant, dysfunctional expression and/or mutation of various genes. This can include oncogene overexpression, amplification or mutation, aberrant tumor suppressor expression or mutation. Also, subversion of host antitumor immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer (Sharp, 77). Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma...
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...keeping informed of official policies and meeting all relevant requirements. When required changes to the Catalog occur, they will be communicated through catalog inserts and other means until a revised edition of the Catalog is published. The policies in this Catalog have been approved under the authority of the ECPI University Board of Trustees and, therefore, constitute official University policy. Students should become familiar with the policies in this Catalog. These policies outline both student rights and student responsibilities. The University reserves the right and authority at any time to alter any or all of the statements contained herein, to modify the requirements for admission and graduation, to change or discontinue programs of study, to amend any regulation or policy affecting the student body, to increase tuition and fees, to deny admission, to revoke an offer of admission and to dismiss from the University any student at any time, if it is deemed by the University to be in the best interest of the University, the University community, or the student to do so. The provisions of this publication are subject to change without notice and nothing in this publication may be considered as setting forth terms of a contract between a student or a prospective...
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...informed of official policies and meeting all relevant requirements. When required changes to the Catalog occur, they will be communicated through catalog inserts and other means until a revised edition of the Catalog is published. The policies in this Catalog have been approved under the authority of the ECPI University Board of Trustees and, therefore, constitute official University policy. Students should become familiar with the policies in this Catalog. These policies outline both student rights and student responsibilities. The University reserves the right and authority at any time to alter any or all of the statements contained herein, to modify the requirements for admission and graduation, to change or discontinue programs of study, to amend any regulation or policy affecting the student body, to increase tuition and fees, to deny admission, to revoke an offer of admission and to dismiss from the University any student at any time, if it is deemed by the University to be in the best interest of the University, the University community, or the student to do so. The provisions of this publication are subject to change without notice and nothing in this publication may be considered as setting forth terms of a contract between a student or a prospective student and ECPI University....
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...Clin Orthop Relat Res (2010) 468:2430–2436 DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1220-0 CLINICAL RESEARCH Natural Course of Asymptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis in Hip Surgery without Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis in an Asian Population Kosuke Tsuda MD, Tomio Kawasaki MD, Nobuo Nakamura MD, Hideki Yoshikawa MD, Nobuhiko Sugano MD Received: 8 August 2009 / Accepted: 22 December 2009 / Published online: 8 January 2010 Ó The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons1 2010 Abstract Background The clinical importance of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis in elective hip surgery is not clearly known. Questions/purposes We determined the preoperative and postoperative incidences of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis, identified preoperative factors associated with postoperative deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and established its natural course in patients who underwent elective hip surgery without receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. This work was performed at Osaka University Hospital and Kyowakai Hospital. Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. Each author certifies that his or her institution approved the human protocol for this investigation and that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research. K. Tsuda, H. Yoshikawa Department...
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...by contacting the local medical association (or its equivalent) or the local licensing authorities. NOTE: Medical service in Germany is of a high standard. Charges for private patients can be approximately the same as those assessed in the United States but vary from physician to physician. University professors are likely to charge higher fees than other doctors on the list. These fees, however, in view of the physicians’ standing in the medical community are not considered excessive. Tourists should be prepared to pay in cash when they visit a doctor. For hospital admittance, except in emergency cases, a deposit is usually required to cover a five day stay. All cities, town and rural areas in Bavaria will have University, City or County Hospitals. You will generally find physicians with basic English knowledge. Any hotel manager will assist you, in case of illness, in finding appropriate doctors or medical care. As a general rule, patients are admitted into hospitals through their physicians, except in emergencies. 1|Page Contents Anesthesiologists: 3 Chiropractors: 3 Dentists/Dental...
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...SPECIAL ARTICLE Postfertilization Effects of Oral Contraceptives and Their Relationship to Informed Consent Walter L. Larimore, MD; Joseph B. Stanford, MD, MSPH T he primary mechanism of oral contraceptives is to inhibit ovulation, but this mechanism is not always operative. When breakthrough ovulation occurs, then secondary mechanisms operate to prevent clinically recognized pregnancy. These secondary mechanisms may occur either before or after fertilization. Postfertilization effects would be problematic for some patients, who may desire information about this possibility. This article evaluates the available evidence for the postfertilization effects of oral contraceptives and concludes that good evidence exists to support the hypothesis that the effectiveness of oral contraceptives depends to some degree on postfertilization effects. However, there are insufficient data to quantitate the relative contribution of postfertilization effects. Despite the lack of quantitative data, the principles of informed consent suggest that patients who may object to any postfertilization loss should be made aware of this information so that they can give fully informed consent for the use of oral contraceptives. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:126-133 Oral contraceptives (OCs) are among the most extensively studied and used medications in the world,1 and are accessible without a prescription in some countries, although still virtually unavailable in others. In America, OCs have...
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