...ongoing crisis that has been affecting the countries of the Eurozone since late 2009. It is a combined sovereign debt crisis, a banking crisis and a growth and competitiveness crisis.[8] The crisis made it difficult or impossible for some countries in the euro area to repay or re-finance their government debt without the assistance of third parties. Moreover, banks in the Eurozone are undercapitalized and have faced liquidity problems. Additionally, economic growth is slow in the whole of the Eurozone and is unequally distributed across the member states.[8] In 1992, members of the European Union signed the Maastricht Treaty, under which they pledged to limit their deficit spending and debt levels. However, in the early 2000s, a number of EU member states were failing to stay within the confines of the Maastricht criteria and turned to securitising future government revenues to reduce their debts and/or deficits. Sovereigns sold rights to receive future cash flows, allowing governments to raise funds without violating debt and deficit targets, but sidestepping best practice and ignoring internationally agreed standards.[9] This allowed the sovereigns to mask (or "Enronize") their deficit and debt levels through a combination of techniques, including inconsistent accounting, off-balance-sheet transactions as well as the use of complex currency and credit derivatives structures.[9] From late 2009, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed among investors as a result of the rising...
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...most of Germany’s exports; it is expected that Germany’s gross domestic product will expand by just 1 percent in 2015. Despite the evident problems in Eurozone, Germany and France are determined to restore a confidence to the Euro.’ Discuss the statement, and use examples to justify your opinion. 1.0 Introduction The Global Financial Crisis or the ‘great recession’ as it is now known has been widely regarded as the worst global recession since the end of the Great Depression (Drezner, 2014). The events following the collapse of the US housing market and the subsequent financial meltdown has had consequences on a global scale, nowhere is this more evident than in the Eurozone (Allen & Ngai, 2012). The Eurozone, made up of 19 EU member states that have adopted a common currency and monetary policy, have faced increasing levels of public debt, economic stagnation and civil unrest (Ucler et al. 2015). Problems are further compounded by the fact that there...
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...law, principles which are common to the Member States.‖ - Article 6, Treaty on European Union The European Union is not a federation like the United States. Nor is it simply an organization for cooperation between governments, like the United Nations. Neither is it a State intended to replace existing states, but it is much more than any other international organization. The EU is, in fact, unique. Never before have countries voluntarily agreed to set up common institutions to which they delegate some of their sovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of joint interest can be made democratically at a higher, in this case European, level. All EU decisions and procedures are based on the treaties agreed to by all EU countries, under which sovereignty is shared in specified areas. The result is a union of 27 Member States covering 1.6 million square miles with roughly half a billion people producing almost a third of the world‘s gross national product and speaking more than 23 1 languages, bound together by a desire to promote peace, democracy, prosperity, stability, and the rule of law. The EU embraces the fundamental values shared by its Member States across a multitude of cultures, languages, and traditions. The Member States agree that democracy is the best form of government. They believe in societies that encourage pluralistic political thought and endorse freedom of speech and religion. They support free market economies—where economic development and growth are...
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...set up a melodramatic rise in emanations of added 85% from 2000 to 2030. To scrutinize, venture universal decentralized auto stock claims besides allied CO2 emanations equal to the year 2050. Meyer, on the other hand, proposes on-motorway automobile subsidizes a bulk portion: that is nearly 80% of entire worldwide auto energy demand correspondingly, interrelated CO2 emanations are emitted encompassing commuters and freight conveyance. Global Warming on the Road maintained to clinch to the core formula of greenhouse gas contamination — autos, by which private motor cars, counting light wagons Bierbaum means of SUVs, vans and pickups, emanate roughly 10% of worldwide carbon dioxide discharges from burned fuels. Credibly, suming to 77 MMTc, compacts were liable for the greatest carbon emanations. Hereafter, two-seaters again liable for the greatest piece of progressing carbon emanations...
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...Gurleen Kaur Payal Jotwani Nitin Dixit Renu INTRODUCTION The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 member states which are located primarily in Europe, currently under the presidency of Herman Van Rompuy. Its capital is de facto Brussels. The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. Important institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958 respectively. In the intervening years the community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The latest amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. The EU has developed a single market through a standardized system of laws which apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area passport controls have been abolished. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enact legislation...
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...Department of Business Administration BUSN69, Degree Project – Accounting and Auditing Master Thesis, 15 ECTS Spring 2014 The evolution of CSR Reporting in the Banking Sector of Greece An analysis of specific characteristics of CSR Reporting Author Papakostopoulos, Georgios Supervisors Jonnergård, Karin Loft, Anne 2014-10-20 1 2 Abstract Title The evolution of CSR Reporting in the Banking Sector of Greece An analysis of specific characteristics of CSR Reporting. Seminar Date 2014-06-02 Course BUSN69, Degree Project – Accounting and Auditing Author Georgios Papakostopoulos Supervisors Karin Jonnergård and Anne Loft Keywords Banks, CSR, Development, Reporting, Standardisation Purpose This thesis aims to examine the development of CSR reporting in the banking sector. The emphasis is set on a number of characteristics. Trends for standardization will be also examined Methodology The methodology undertaken is generally based on a qualitative research approach through a combination of content analysis with interviews. The research has a partly longitudinal, inductive and comparative character. Theoretical Perspectives The theoretical aspects that were used in the analysis were a combination of the theoretical framework of the Legitimacy, Stakeholder and Institutional theory with the reporting requirements from a number of standards, guidelines, initiatives and indices. Empirical Foundation ...
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...in the euro area. The late crisis has incited a genuine disintegrating of open assets in for the most part industrialized countries. Governments in the moved countries left the retreat with the most bewildering setback and commitment to-Total national output extents since World War II. In the euro area, lack and commitment numbers surged. As showed by the European Commission, the euro zone general government insufficiency extended from 2.0% of Total national output in 2008 to 6.0% of GDP in 2010. The euro locale general government commitment, resulting to declining to around 66% of Total national output in 2007, is expected to augmentation to right around 88% of Total national output in the present year. For some individual euro locale and EU countries– furthermore for the US and Japan – the budgetary rot has...
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...India and the Global Economy 14 CHAPTER The big story of the last decade for India has been its arrival on the global scene. The Indian economy had broken free of the low-growth trap from the early 1980s. By the mid-1990s, following the economic reforms of 1991-3, India began to appear as a player of some significance in the global economy. Then, following the East Asian crisis of the late 1990s, and from the first years of the first decade of the 21st century there was no looking back. India’s exports began to climb, its foreign exchange reserves, which for decades had hovered around 5 billion dollars, rose exponentially after the economic reforms and in little more than a decade had risen to 300 billion dollars. Indian corporations that rarely ventured out of India were suddenly investing all over the world and even in some industrialized countries. When, in 2009, the Group of 20 (G-20) was raised to the level of a forum for leaders, India was a significant member of this global policy group. 14.2 The globalization of India has given rise to new opportunities but it has also brought with it new challenges and responsibilities. It means that the global economy can no longer be viewed from a spectator’s standpoint. What happens there has large implications for India. Every time there is a major financial crisis anywhere in the world, there is need to take brace position. And, in turn, the rise and fall of India’s growth rate has an impact on global growth and there...
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...An analysis of the key macro and micro economics factors which impact on the current UK housing market Introduction This paper explores the current situation in the UK housing market. Fundamentally, the paper argues that the current situation in the housing market is a legacy of the way in which the housing market developed over the early 2000s into the 2007 and 2008 financial crisis. As the fall out from this crisis has taken two or three years to properly be felt it can currently be said to be exerting a major influence on the way the housing market in the UK is working today. The paper therefore places a major focus on developing an understanding of how the financial crisis occurred and the impact that this had on the UK housing market, in order to understand the key factors which are shaping the housing market today. The paper begins with a look at the state of the UK economy at the moment. This is only examined in brief but provides a key background to the work. This is then followed by a look at the UK economy and the housing market and how the two link together. The following section is the major section of the work as this focuses on the macroeconomic factors which have shaped the housing market. This section in particular focuses on the legacy of the housing market developments of the early 2000s. The following section briefly explores the microeconomic elements which have shaped the housing market – the major emphasis here is on the role of buy to let mortgages as a...
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...Contents 1.0 Executive summary 2.0 The Company Background 3.0 Situation analysis 4.1 Industry analysis - Porters 5 forces 3.2 Macro environment analysis - PESTEL 3.3 S.W.O.T analysis 4.0 The marketing plan 4.1The company mission statement 4.2 The company Vision 4.3 Objectives 4.4 Strategies 4.5 Segmentation 4.6Target markets 4.7 Positioning strategy 5.0 Ansoff matrix 6.0 BCG matrix 7.0 Marketing mix 8.0 Implementation plan 9.0 Control mechanism ...
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...Marketing Plan of Bosch Washing Mechine Contents 1.0 Executive summary 2.0 The Company Background 3.0 Situation analysis 4.1 Industry analysis - Porters 5 forces 3.2 Macro environment analysis - PESTEL 3.3 S.W.O.T analysis 4.0 The marketing plan 4.1The company mission statement 4.2 The company Vision 4.3 Objectives 4.4 Strategies 4.5 Segmentation 4.6Target markets 4.7 Positioning strategy 5.0 Ansoff matrix 6.0 BCG matrix 7.0 Marketing mix 8.0 Implementation plan 9.0 Control mechanism 10.0Conclusion 1.0 Executive summary Bosch Group is the leading global supplier of technology and services ,in the area of automotive and industrial technology ,consumer goods and building technology. It is committed to being innovative ,customer oriented and global supplier of washing machine. It offers high quality and excellent service to customers. This investigation and analysis draws attention to different models of situation analysis ,such as porter five forces (industrial analysis) PESTEL analysis (macro environmental analysis) ,S.W.OT analysis (internal and external analysis) and Ansoff metrix . The objective of this analysis use its competitive advantage to achieve an increase in market by 4-7 percent by 2012 ,to gain 20% percent returns in capital employed by 2012 , increase its size in the Uk market and increase customer awareness of Bosch energy saving product. Its segmentation of the market looks at the psychographic (lifestyle) ,social...
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...Corruption is a form of dishonest or unethical conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire personal benefit. Corruption may include many activities including bribery and embezzlement, though it may also involve practices that are legal in many countries. https://www.google.com.ph/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=corruption Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence. Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, gombeenism, parochialism patronage, influence peddling, graft, and embezzlement. Corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, andhuman trafficking, though is not restricted to these activities. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is also considered political corruption. The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ depending on the country or jurisdiction. For instance, some political funding practices that are legal in one place may be illegal in another. In some cases, government officials have broad or ill-defined powers, which make it difficult to distinguish between legal and illegal actions...
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...Strategy for UNIQLO in India | Class: Global Strategy - Optimizing your Global Footprint | Professor: Mark Roeske | Students: Hidenobu Hayakawa Nagasaka Sohta Nguyen Thanh Thi Phuong | | Waseda Summer Intensive , August 2012 | Final Report | | CONTENTS Executive Summary PART I/ UNIQLO and Apparel Industry * Overview of UNIQLO business * Apparel Industry: Value Chain & Key Success Factors PART II/ Environmental Analysis * PEST analysis for India * 5 Forces analysis for Apparel industry in India * SWOT analysis for UNIQLO’s entering into India PART III/ Strategy Formation * Entry Strategy: Entry Mode * Expansion Strategy: 3 Phases * Implementation Plan: 4P, AAA Conclusion Reference Appendix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Japan is famous for innovation and high-tech manufacturing industries but not for fashion. However, this fact should be reconsidered since the brand UNIQLO, a true Japanese fashion brand, now can be found in the biggest cities of the world from world-class shopping malls like Ginza (Tokyo), Fifth Avenue (New York) to the streets of Shanghai and Malaysia. UNIQLO is the main brand of Fast Retailing Co., Ltd (see Appendix 1 for Corporate Profile), the largest producer in apparel retailing industry in Japan and ranks the fourth in the world (after ZARA, H&M and GAP). Mr. Tadashi...
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...using FSC®-certified paper; non-VOC (volatile organic compound), vegetable-oil ink; and waterless printing technology. Printed in Japan NIKON REPORT 2014 Year Ended March 31, 2014 NIKON REPORT 2014 NIKON REPORT 2014 Independent Practitioner’s Assurance of Social and Environmental Performance Independent Practitioner’s Assurance of Social and Environmental Performance About NIKON REPORT 2014 Starting with reports published in the fiscal year ending March 2015, Nikon Corporation publishes its previously named ANNUAL REPORT as the NIKON REPORT. In addition to details regarding business performance and strategy, operational overviews, and other financial data previously published in the ANNUAL REPORT, this report comprises a broader range of non-financial data, including information on CSR activities and corporate governance. As a corporate group that continues to pursue steady growth and create new value prefaced on harmony with society, we hope that NIKON REPORT will promote further understanding of the Nikon Group among our shareholders, investors, and all other stakeholders. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 02 Nikon’s Growth Trajectory 04 Financial Performance 06 Non-Financial Performance BUSINESS STRATEGY 08 Management Message 09 To Our Stakeholders 14 Medium-Term Management Plan Next 100 - Transform to Grow Interviews with Key People on 18 the Strategy Going Forward 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 ...
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...Corporate Carbon Strategies Threats and opportunities arising from the new energy imperative Reference Code: BI00036-019 Publication Date: March 2011 1 About the authors Professor Merlin Stone Merlin is Head of Research at The Customer Framework. He is author or co-author of many articles and thirty books and also on the editorial advisory boards of several academic journals. He has a first class honors degree and doctorate in economics from Sussex University, UK. In parallel to his business career, he has also pursued a full academic career, holding senior posts at various universities. He is now a visiting professor at De Montfort, Oxford Brookes and Portsmouth Universities, teaches economics for the Open University and marketing for Exeter University. Jane Fae Ozimek The author is a writer and researcher in the areas of IT, Business and the Law. Jane is currently editor of the Journal of Database Marketing and has previously published works on the use of statistics in business and Marketing Resource Management. Recent research papers include publications on the misuse of security protocols by major corporations, and a re-evaluation of the Loyalty Ladder concept in marketing theory. Jane was also co-author of the recently published Carbon Trading and the Effect of the Copenhagen Agreement (published by Business Insights, 2010). 2 Disclaimer Copyright © 2011 Business Insights Ltd This report is published by Business Insights (the Publisher). This report...
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