...UNDERSTANDING THE SUPPLY CHAIN A supply chain includes all functions involved in the acceptance and performance of customers' request within an organization . A sumintro chain parts that comprise it directly or indirectly involved in fulfilling a customer request , includes also the manufacturer and supplier , as well as carriers , vendors , wholesalers and of course, the client. These, in most cases, are networks that describe the structure of the supply chain as it encompasses different stages , each stage is coupled through the flow of products and information funds . Each supply chain generates a value , always differentiating product value for customers and value chain costs , the value will always be related to the fulfillment of the supply chain , the difference between the income that an client generates and total cost . The most important objective of a supply chain must be always increase the overall value generated . Any supply chain maximizes the total value generated . The value of a supply chain generates is the difference between what the final product is worth to the customer and the effort the supply chain spends in completing the request. The profitability of the supply chain is the total profit to be shared across all stages of the chain. We must take into account the benefits of the whole chain. The higher the profitability of the supply chain is the process more successful . I am stressing this once again "the management of the supply chain is the management...
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...TOWARDS A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF SUPPLY CHAIN QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Article: International Journal of Production Research • This paper reports the result of a comparative study of quality tools and methods adaptation by operations and supply chain managers. • SCQM is defined as a system based approach to performance improvement that leverages opportunities created by upstream and downstream linkages with suppliers and customers. • Operation management is traditional been explained by some version of an ‘inputs-transformation process- outputs’ view of the productive capability of the firms. From Quality perspective, operation managers have focused on internal activities such as process control process improvement, product design improvement and design of experiment. As a result, more and more six-sigma improvement project evolved. • In addition experts like Deming have long emphasized importance of customers and supplier. • In this paper, it explored the difference between quality management practice of operation managers and each type of managers emphasizes supply chain managers, including what quality tools. Tool can here mean the method such as benchmarking, an approach to improving quality such as process improvement team (PIT) and leadership. Literature review and hypothesis development • Supply chain management has developed as a field from the integration of operations and marketing management. As a result, a linkage with upstream firms – which...
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...TBS908 Assessments Briefing Document Assessment 1 Assessment 1 is intended to test the students understanding of the materials covered between week 1 and week 3. The task requires analysing Mobile Phones as a product in terms of the topics covered in the supply chain management course. The task also requires showing the understanding of the different supplies needed for delivering the product and how these supplies could be made sustainable. This analysis will enhance the student’s understanding of the issues often experienced when managing the internal and external supply chain which often fails to deliver the customers supply needs. As part of the assessment, students will need to draw a detailed computerised process map/model which takes into perspective the various interactions between the organisation, the customers and the suppliers. The headings that need to be covered in the report are: 1. Describe the product and its key characteristics with relation to the objective and perceived sources of quality explained in the textbook. How to answer the question: Students will need to research and find information about the product in addition to reflecting on the quality explanation from chapter 2 of the textbook. 2. Explain why it is important for organisations to continue innovating this product, how this innovation impacts the supply chain and the type(s) of product innovation categories this product went through during its lifecycle. This will need to be explained in relation...
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...Course Title : Supply Chain Management Course Code : BUS 306 Year of Study : 3 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 15 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : Lecture (2.0 hours) Tutorial (1.0 hour) Pre-requisite Course(s) : Nil Course Aims This course aims to provide students with a clear, well-structured and comprehensive understanding of basic concepts and principles of supply chain management. The course will highlight the very important role of supply chain management in creating customer values, and how it plays in today’s global business world. Besides, this course also presents the strategic context in which supply chain managers work. Teaching Approach Both lectures and tutorials will be used. Lectures are designed to introduce the topics and develop students’ understanding of the materials. Tutorials are designed to consolidate what students have learned in the lecture and help them to apply the theories in relevant situations. Participation of students will be vital to the learning process. Current issues in the business fields related to supply chain management will be used extensively to illustrate the practical aspects of the course. Resources Principal Reading 1. Chopra S. & Meindl P., Supply Chain Management – Strategy, Planning, and Operation, Fourth Edition, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2010. Supplementary Reading: 1. Bozarth, C. & Hanfield, R., Introduction to Operations and Supply Chain Management,...
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...SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Objective • Maximise the overall value generated – is the difference between what the final product is worth to the customer and the effort the supply chains expends in filling the request of the customer • Supply chain profitability is the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain • It is the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages • Supply chain success is measured in terms of supply chain profitability and not in terms of the profits at an individual stage • Revenue is from customer – positive cash flow • All other cash flows are simply fund exchanges that occur within the supply chain given that different stages have different owners • All flows of information, product or funds generates costs within the supply chain • Supply chain management involves the management of flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximise total supply chain profitability Decision Phases Three categories - Depending on the frequency of each decision and the time frame over which a decision has an impact, Supply chain strategy or design Supply chain planning Supply chain operation Supply chain strategy • Decides how to structure the supply chain over the next several years - chain configuration, - resource allocated and - process at each stage should perform • Decisions include - location and capacities of production and warehousing facilities, - the products to be manufactured...
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...Supply chain game – Lego game Supply chain game – Lego game XXXXXX Casper XXXXXX Casper Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Introduction First and foremost the game provided an understanding of the bullwhip effect and furthermore also insight to the challenges of distributing material and information within a supply chain. I have applied the cause-effect theory in order to obtain an understanding of the root causes, the reasons, to why the bullwhip effect, the result, occurred in the supply chain in the LEGO game (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2010). Hence the structure of this assignment will be based upon a cause-effect analysis which treats the experienced bullwhip effect as the result. Thus this assignment describe the causes of this effect identified through reflecting upon the LEGO supply chain game played September 25, 2015. Bullwhip effect The bullwhip effect is unexpected distortion of information observed in a supply chain and can be caused by demand fluctuations e.g. variability, which is processed and amplified through the companies in a supply chain. The demand fluctuations are amplified as they are processed upstream in the supply chain and hence the swings, the demand order variability, of the “bullwhip” can be expected to increase the farther upstream in the supply chain a company is located (Lee, Padmanabhan and Wheng, 1997). Reflections and learning outcome from the game I will divide this reflection and learning...
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...Advanced Supply Chain Management Course overview Course code: 315．075．301 Course title: Advanced Supply Chain Management Credit points: 3 |Course |Campus |Career |School |Learning Mode | |Code | | | | | | |Understanding the supply chain |1 |Definitions of supply chain and its |Read Chapter 1 and answer the | | | | |characteristics |discussion questions | | |Supply Chain Performance: Achieving |2 |How to achieve strategic fit and scope through |Read Chapter 2 and answer the | | |Strategic Fit and Scope | |supply chain management |discussion questions | | |Supply Chain Drivers and Obstacles |3 |Deeper understanding of the elements of supply |Read Chapter 3 and answer the | | | | |chain performance |discussion questions | | |Designing distribution network and |4 |Significance of...
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...explains that it is essential for research to be conducted reflecting on experiential learning practices utilised to enhance student interaction and understanding of supply chain with the support of simulation techniques(Case studies, site visits & games) (Onoferei & Stephens, 2014). 2. These activities prove that concepts and models create value when used in relation to real global problems in making decisions and finding solutions (Onoferei & Stephens, 2014).The difficulties were for educators to encourage learners to understand class activities from an organisational point of view. In acknowledging this, the paper contributes to the fact that instructors must help to make sense of thinking practices such as data interpretation and problem solving implications. The Beer Game description used in this paper comprises of the separate functions of the brewers, distributors, wholesalers and retailer. (Onoferei & Stephens, 2014). The outcome is to be able to meet consumer demand by bringing together the supply chain and reducing the total expenditure amongst its functions. This creates value across the supply chain as information is distributed amongst members (Onoferei & Stephens, 2014).The three stages of learning suggests the importance of post game analysis by developing the individuals knowledge of supply chain. 3. The methodology was done by comparison of the same short questionnaire carried out in each stage of the study (Onoferei & Stephens,...
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...Supply Chain and Demand Model Valerie Prich ECO/372 April 20, 2015 Matthew Angner Supply Chain and Demand Model The relationship between a supply chain and a supply and demand model is an important one. Without this relationship, business would not be able to be as organized with their business. Along with this, the businesses would also not be able to distribute their products to the consumers. The consumers who purchase the products do not realize all of the steps that come with this relationship. There needs to be an understanding of both the supply chain and the supply and demand model. Supply Chain Supply chain is the beginning of a business production. A business must have a supply chain in order to be able to receive products and to distribute them. The definition of supply chain is described as a certain network of other companies that works together to both serve the customer, and the consumer (Supply Chain, 2015). A supply chain is the main link between a business and its consumers. When a consumer purchases a product from a business it comes from a line of other companies. The product might come from one store that manufactures the product, then is sold to another store for a goods price, next it is sold to the customer at the price they are willing to pay. Supply chains are not always used to their full extent. Many companies are unaware of what really goes on within their supply chain. There are businesses that do not know the information flow of the supply...
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...JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LOGISTICS, Vol.22, No. 2, 2001 1 DEFINING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT by John T. Mentzer The University of Tennessee William DeWitt The University of Maryland James S. Keebler St. Cloud State University Soonhong Min Georgia Southern University Nancy W. Nix Texas Christian University Carlo D. Smith The University of San Diego and Zach G. Zacharia Texas Christian University “Management is on the verge of a major breakthrough in understanding how industrial company success depends on the interactions between the flows of information, materials, money, manpower, and capital equipment. The way these five flow systems interlock to amplify one another and to cause change and fluctuation will form the basis for anticipating the effects of decisions, policies, organizational forms, and investment choices.” (Forrester 1958, p. 37) Forrester introduced a theory of distribution management that recognized the integrated nature of organizational relationships. Because organizations are so intertwined, he argued that system dynamics can influence the performance of functions such as research, engineering, sales, and promotion. 2 MENTZER, DeWITT, KEEBLER, MIN, NIX, SMITH, AND ZACHARIA He illustrated this phenomena utilizing a computer simulation of order information flow and its influence on production and distribution performance for each supply chain member, as well as the entire supply chain system. More recent replications of this phenomenon include the “Beer...
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...Discuss the relationship between supply chain and the supply and demand model. Over the past four weeks we have learned many important lesions and gained many tools to help us in all of our future endeavors. Some of the things that we have learned about are, aggregate demand and aggregate supply models, economic forecast data, historical economic data, interest rates, money supply, and the Federal Reserve. These topics are key in understanding the concepts of the fundamentals of macroeconomics. This week’s learning team reflection will discuss the topic of the supply chain and its relationship to the supply and demand model. This paper will explain and discuss each of the topics and how they relate to each other and how they work together. The objective of this paper is to help give the readers an improved understanding of the two concepts and their relationship. Supply Chain and Demand Model A Supply Chain is a network of companies and services that have products available to consumers. “Historically, the three fundamental stages of the supply chain; procurement, production and distribution, have been managed independently” (Thomas & Griffin, 1996, p. 1). The supply chain gets a good or service from the supplier to the consumer. Goods are often produced anywhere in the world, and the supply chain management makes them available to us locally so we don’t have to travel far to purchase a foreign car, a pair of jeans or a cup of coffee. They make sure we...
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...Reflection on Handfield and Nichols In the text Introduction to Supply Chain Management Robert Handfield and Ernest Nichols Jr. focused on a range of topic surrounding and encompassing the understanding of supply chain management. In relation to supply chain management, the authors placed a huge emphasis on explaining the changes in supply chain management over time; more specifically its improvements. As identified in the reading, the cause for the improvements in supply chain management had everything to do with the inclusion of information technology systems in the interworking’s of the supply chain. For this reflection paper, the students and I were charged with reading the first four chapters of the text. These four chapters focused on the understanding of supply chain management, the use of information technology systems in supply chain management, managing the flow of materials within the supply chain, and managing the relationships within the supply chain. Primarily, Handfield and Nichols related their information on supply chain management and its recent advances to manufacturing settings and workplaces. Nonetheless, they did mention that all organizations regardless of size or sector have a use for supply chain management. “All organizations are part of one or more supply chains” (Handfield & Nichols, 1998; pg. 5). For the past year I have been working within the non-profit sector of Cincinnati, Ohio. Prior to beginning this course and embarking on...
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...Value Chain = Supply Chain + Demand Chain: New Approaches to Creating and Capturing Sustainable Value Fanny Thublier(1), Terry Hanby (2) and Yongjiang Shi (2) Arts et Métiers ParisTech 75013 Paris, France (2) Institute for Manufacturing University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK (1) Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to develop a Value Chain conceptual model based on a combined Supply and Demand approach. Drawing primarily from the literature on Supply Chain, Demand Chain and Value Chain, modern definitions for these concepts are developed. Based on these findings, a new equation in the “value” world is introduced: “Value Chain = Supply Chain + Demand Chain”. The resultant model recognizes the growing importance of the end-consumer in the design and management of these chains and considers both the effectiveness and efficiency relationship in the Value Chain. In addition, different value perspectives for the Value Chain are suggested with particular focus on sustainable value creation and capture issues. It is anticipated that this model will be developed further in the specific context of the luxury market using case studies to develop and refine the proposed Value Chain model. Keywords: Value Chain, Supply Chain, Demand Chain, Consumer, Customer. Introduction While external forces such as economic, ecological, technological and regulatory developments are increasingly altering the global landscape, new industry trends now affect the value...
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...STRATEGIC SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND LOGISTICS | | Unit aim This unit provides the learner with the understanding and skills to plan strategies to improve an organisation’s supply chain Unit introduction This unit focuses on how the concept of supply chain management and logistics is based on the idea that every product that reaches an end user represents the combined effort of multiple organisations which make up the supply chain and that until recently, most organisations paid attention to only what was happening within their own business. Few organisations understood, much less managed, the entire chain of activities that ultimately delivered products to the final customer. This resulted in ineffective supply chains. In this unit, learners will develop the knowledge that, today, many organisations realise that effective management of supply chain activities can lead to increased customer value and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production and logistics, to the information systems needed to coordinate these activities. Learners will discover that the organisations that make up the supply chain are ‘linked’ through physical and information flows. Physical flows involve the transformation, movement and storage of goods and materials and are the most visible piece of the supply chain. Of equal importance are information flows as they allow the various supply chain partners...
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...A systems perspective on supply chain measurements Stefan Holmberg The Authors | Stefan Holmberg, Division of Logistics, Lund University, Sweden Abstract | Both practitioners and research scientists have noted a number of problems regarding measurement activities during the past decade. The problems reported suggest that measurement activities are fragmented both within and across organizations. Expands on a systems perspective on supply chain measurements and describes how problems can be communicated, understood and managed by developing methods and tools for describing interrelationships within supply chains. Empirical evidence from a case study of a Swedish home furnishing business supply chain provides data suggesting that firms within a supply chain cannot simply be categorized as either having adopted systems thinking or not. Rather, both structured models indicating a high degree of systems thinking, and problems showing fragmentation, are present. A performance model, which is used to reflect the systemic structure of an underlying supply chain and a potential integrator, is introduced and suggested as the focus of future research initiatives within supply chain measurements. Article type: case study. Keywords: Supply chain, Measurement, Systems integration, Performance measurement. Content Indicators: Research Implications** Practice Implications** Originality** Readability** International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume...
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