...the identification of the ego states behind each and every transaction. Berne defined an ego state as “a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behavior.” Transaction analysis has been used with organizational development in order to improve quality of work life. It has also been used to develop multinational corporations which prepare mangers to operate efficiently within other cultures. This is a theory of social action which is based on the assumption that when two or more people interact, each gains some kind of psychological benefit from the exchange. The ego state (parent-Adult-child) is based on two notions first we have three parts or “ego-states” to our “personality, and secondly that these converse with one another in “transactions”(hence the name). TA is a very common model used in therapy and there is a great deal written about it. This type of psychology examines the transaction between a person and other people. This is being used within relationship marketing to develop good human relations with customers. Transactional analysis is a method of understanding behavior in interpersonal dynamics. When you talk to someone about anything, you are involved in interpersonal dynamics, and a series of transactions take place. An organization is a product of the process of its human relations. Organizations have trained their employees in Transaction analysis to improve their ability to handle difficult personal...
Words: 1079 - Pages: 5
...disapproved of the then-prevalent ‘expert-impersonal object’ relationship between the therapist and the patient. It often tended to raise the therapist to a lofty position and to reduce the patient to the status of an inanimate object incapable of understanding the complex dynamics of the mind. In his treatment of patients, Beme made a conscious effort to develop a simple, high-impact language to explain to his patients their inner processes and to involve them actively in his line of therapy. His efforts led to the emergence of a new, powerful system of analysis of behavior called Transactional Analysis (TA). Beme first put forth his ideas on TA in a book titled Games People Play, which immediately became very popular. Beme and his associates in their subsequent work developed these ideas. Thus, with efforts of Beme and many other behavioral scientists, TA transcended the boundaries of therapy to enter the world of lay people, their lives on-the-job, and off-the-job. II. Ego States The unit of analysis used in TA for understanding human behavior is called ego state. An ego state is a consistent pattern of feelings and experiences relating to corresponding, consistent patterns of behavior (Beme, 1972). According to Beme, each person has three basic ego states, namely Parent, Adult, and Child. II.I. The Parent Ego State This reflects the attitudes, feelings and ideas absorbed by us in our childhood from our parental figures. When...
Words: 5776 - Pages: 24
...psychiatrist, Eric Berne, during the late 1950s. According to the International Transactional Analysis Association,[1] TA 'is a theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change'. 1. As a theory of personality, TA describes how people are structured psychologically. It uses what is perhaps its best known model, the ego-state (Parent-Adult-Child) model, to do this. The same model helps explain how people function and express their personality in their behavior[1] 2. It is a theory of communication that can be extended to the analysis of systems and organisations.[1] 3. It offers a theory for child development by explaining how our adult patterns of life originated in childhood.[1] This explanation is based on the idea of a "Life (or Childhood) Script": the assumption that we continue to re-play childhood strategies, even when this results in pain or defeat. Thus it claims to offer a theory of psychopathology.[1] 4. In practical application, it can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of...
Words: 4963 - Pages: 20
...I'm OK-You're OK By Thomas A. Harris MD Contents: Book Cover (Front) (Back) Scan / Edit Notes About The Author Illustrations Author's Note Preface 1. Freud, Penfield, and Berne 2. Parent, Adult, and Child 3. The Four Life Positions 4. We Can Change 5. Analysing the Transaction 6. How We Differ 7. How We Use Time 8. P-A-C and Marriage 9. P-A-C and Children 10. P-A-C and Adolescents 11. When Is Treatment Necessary? 12. P-A-C and Moral Values 13. Social Implications of P-A-C References Index (Removed) Scan / Edit Notes Versions available and duly posted: Format: v1.0 (Text) Format: v1.0 (PDB - open format) Format: v1.5 (HTML) Format: v1.5 (Ubook-HTML) Genera: Self-Help Extra's: Pictures Included Copyright: 1969 Scanned: November 8 2003 Posted to: alt.binaries.e-book (HTML-PIC-TEXT-PDB Bundle) alt.binaries.e-book (HTML-UBook) Note: The U-Book version is viewable on PC and PPC (Pocket PC). Occasionally a PDF file will be produced in the case of an extremely difficult book. 1. The Html, Text and Pdb versions are bundled together in one rar file. (a.b.e) 2. The Ubook version is in zip (html) format (instead of rar). (a.b.e) ~~~~ Structure: (Folder and Sub Folders) {Main Folder} - HTML Files | |- {PDB} | |- {Pic} - Graphic files | |- {Text} - Text File -Salmun About The Author Thomas A. Harris is a practising psychiatrist in Sacramento, California. Born in Texas, he received his B.S. degree in 1938 from the University of Arkansas Medical School and his M.D. in 1940 from Temple...
Words: 92067 - Pages: 369
...them more accessible to a wider audience. My interest in the subject emanated from a course in interviewing skills and effective communications that I enrolled in at Northern Virginia Community college years ago. According to his biography, Harris began writing the book in 1967. Using Transactional Analysis as a foundation for his book, he developed four possible life positions. • I’m not OK – You’re OK • I’m OK – You’re not OK • I'm not OK, You're not OK and • I'm OK, You're OK Dr. Harris selected I'm OK, You're OK for the title because it is the position one should strive to achieve. I have found that the reaction of people to a management problem is difficult to anticipate. However, we can predict the kind of responses our interventions may evoke from people. I found that a reasonable answer can be found with the help of transactional analysis. When people interact in assertive or non-assertive ways, one person responds to another in a social transaction. Harris as transactional analysis identifies the study of these social transactions between people. It is a method of analyzing and understanding behavior. ERIC BERNE developed transactional analysis for psychotherapy in the 1950s. Transactional Analysis became popular by Berne’s book ‘Games People Play (1964)’, the...
Words: 905 - Pages: 4
...Temperaments in the World of Business A term paper Presented to Mr. Dennis H. Pulido Department of English and Applied Linguistics College of Education De La Salle University - Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for ENGLRES First trimester, S.Y. (2009-2010) By Kenton Ong Sychingping Karl Nikko Tan 24 August 2009 I. Thesis Statement: The temperaments / personality types and blends plays an important role in businesses for it lets people adapt and use this knowledge in their interactions and transactions with others that leads to efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. II. Outline 1. Introduction 1. History of temperaments 2. Definition of temperaments 2. The four temperaments/personality types 2.1 Choleric 2.2 Sanguine 2.3 Melancholic 2.4 Phlegmatic 3. The temperament Blends 1. Choleric (High ‘D’) Blends 2. Sanguine (High ‘l’) Blends 3. Melancholic (High ‘S’) Blends 4. Phlegmatic (High ‘C’) Blends 4. Importance of Temperament 1. Effect to Oneself 2. Effect to Others 5. Application of Temperaments in Business 1. Business Management and Organization 2. Human Resource Management 3. Marketing and Sales 6. Comparison of Temperaments in Business to other aspects 1. Psychology 2. Relationships 3. Education 7. Conclusion...
Words: 5130 - Pages: 21
...Number: Module Code: LUBS _____5002M_____________ Module Title: __Information and Organisation Design __ Module Leader: Andrew Robinson Declared Word Count: ____1492________ Asymmetric Information and Its impact upon the Market Function Introduction Financial market functioning is based on certain fundamentals and technical principles. Information about the market scenarios and the background activities are stated as the fundamental aspects of the financial market movements. If a deal is being carried out between two entities and one entity possesses additive information over another then this scenario reflects the actualization of an unfair financial transaction. The possession of additive information by one entity over another in the financial market is stated as information asymmetry or asymmetric information (Hughes, Liu and Liu, 2007). The current discussion includes the overall assessment of various theories that had been presented over the period of time and their practical application into the financial market in context of asymmetric information. In addition, the discussions carried out in the current essay also elaborate the impact of asymmetric information over the financial activities that are carried out in the financial markets. Asymmetric Information and Its impact upon the Market Function In reference to economics as well as to that of contract theory, the concept of asymmetric...
Words: 1645 - Pages: 7
...Marcus Bozeman 2-23-2016 | REAL DEFENSE A Couse of Action against the Holder in Due Course Defenses available against a Holder In Due course are Real Defenses. A Real Defense also known as a Universal Defense is a defense that can be used against any including a holder in due course. The understanding of what a real defense is not related to a transactions merits but actually to its nature as a legal act. The holder in due course is meant to be unaffected by any defenses between the immediate parties, real defense run counter to the considerations of the holder in due course and pressures the negotiable principle to yield. Real defenses include infancy and mental incompetence, illegality, duress, fraud as to the essential nature of the transaction, bankruptcy, unauthorized signature, and alteration (Brown & Sukys, 2013). These are the most common Real Defenses. The requirement to pay an instrument does not exist if there is a real defense. Infancy and mental incompetence also known as Incapacity is built around the fact that a given individual may not have the authority to negotiate an instrument, even if they believe that they know what they are doing. That person may be a minor who by law can’t enter into contract and be held responsible or someone that is mentally incompetent and legally not able to enter into enforceable contracts. Illegality, means that an instrument can’t be executed if it is connected with any illegal activities. Ignorance to the fact...
Words: 790 - Pages: 4
...business can be straight-forward, deciding when to grow a business to handle larger amounts of transactions can be a difficult time. When first setting out in a sole proprietorship, decisions and business transactions are done through one person, when a situation occurs that calls for larger transactions and more employees, revamping the initial business model is not only necessary but demanded. Taking rest and reassurance in forming either a partnership or corporation can be a hefty decision, but will provide support and protection when dealing with large amounts of transactions and customers. Hindsight is always 20/20, and many small business owners stated then would have started their business with a more planned out and developed plan. When common law or the Uniformed Commercial Code (UCC) governs contracts, the difference between the two will drive how disputes are resolved. As a result of this concerted effort by some of this country’s leading legal experts, the UCC was enacted in whole or in part with only small changes by the legislatures of all states. While the UCC represents a significant effort toward a uniform national law, it should be remembered that there would still be variations from state to state Common law derives from judges making decisions in actual lawsuits and emphasizes the making of rules through court decisions (Rodgers, 2012). With everything is life, experiences are used as examples and drive the future for decisions and how agreements and contracts...
Words: 1342 - Pages: 6
...Week 5 Final Paper Betty Poppins Bus 311 Instructor Brandy Krectzburg 7/01/13 Business Contracts: Protocol, Laws & Ethicality There are various kinds of contracts which arise within our business world today; contracts are an essential component to business livelihood. Although a contract is an agreement, not all agreements are valid contractual obligations. In order for any contract to be an official and legally binding agreement, there are essential requirements which must first be fulfilled. Because contracts are vital to the organization and its success, it is important that the organization has an inclusive understanding of the inner workings of business contract and law and sustaining ethicality within these agreements; this will help ensure that each and every business transaction is a smooth and successful endeavor from beginning to end. What is a contract, and what makes it valid? According to Essentials of Business Law, by Susan Rogers (2012), a contract is described as being “a legally enforceable agreement between two or more people.” Therefore, a contract emerges from the voluntary consent of two or more people with mutual accordance to enter into this agreement. Contracts are helpful to business, as these agreements are binding to both parties involved. In order for a contract to be a valid and binding agreement there are five fundamental yet essential elements that must be present, and these are: 1. The Offer, 2. The Acceptance, 3. Consideration...
Words: 2880 - Pages: 12
......................................................................7 3. Understanding Riba ...........................................................10 3.1 A world shaped by Riba.................................................... 10 3.2 What is Riba? ................................................................. 11 4. The Misunderstanding of Riba............................................20 4.1. Religious reformism and capitalism ................................... 20 4.2 The Islamic Reformers ..................................................... 23 4.3 The followers of Reda ...................................................... 27 4.4 The misunderstanding of Riba an-nasiah today.................... 28 4.5 Equating Riba to interest in a loan ..................................... 33 4.6 Islamic Banking .............................................................. 34 4.6.1 Islamic Banks are banks ............................................. 34 4.6.2 Murabaha: what it is and what it is not ......................... 38 4.6.3 How the Islamic Bank’s version of the contract of Murabaha came into being ................................................................. 41 4.6.4 The danger of making principles out of contracts............ 46 4.7 The Stages of the “Islamisation” process ............................ 48 4.8 On the methodology of modernism .................................... 49 5. Understanding Paper Money ..............................................54 5.1 Paper money...
Words: 24329 - Pages: 98
...account The article provided five tips on how to protect your checking account from unauthorized use. The first tip is to don’t give your account number and bank routing information to anyone you don’t know. In this tip, you should not give your account information to a company you are not familiar with or if you have not initiated the transaction. Many times criminals will contact you and pretend to be a sales person to sell you a product or service. They convince you to purchase their product or service, and you provide your information. You will then be out of the product you thought you were purchasing and also they will have your account information where they can then withdraw money, make transactions, or if they received enough information they could even steal your identity. Tip number two is Review your monthly statement. By reviewing your monthly statement you can ensure that all of the transactions that are being debited or credited on your account are actually yours. Banks do have fraud detection departments to look for anything that is unusual or typical fraudulent activity. But the only person that can truly say if a transaction is authorized or unauthorized is the customer. Tip number three is Notify your bank about any problems as soon as possible. The soon you notify your bank about a missing / stolen card or checks or of fraudulent activity on your account, the sooner you can have your funds returned and also prevents additional funds from being fraudulently...
Words: 1249 - Pages: 5
...Career Fair Mike Russell AIU Online Abstract Accurate accounting and the understanding can make or break your company or organization; not to mention possible jail time in the worse cases. The first way of ensuring accurate accounting is understanding the objectives. The second way is to understand the terminology of the accounting process and in the financial reporting aspects. The third way is to understand the ethics behind the accounting and reporting process. The forth way is to impement your role in the accounting process. Career Fair The primary objectives of accounting, basic terminology in the accounting process, the financial reporting, the ethics and the individual role each of us can play in the accounting process will be discussed in the following paragraphs. There are a multitude of things that happen at once but this will cover the basics for this career fair. Primary Objectives of Accounting There are a couple of ways businesses stay afloat by being financially stable and earning income. The process of financial information and conducting the financial record up keeping are vital to any organization, ensuring transparency of all information at the guidelines require you to prepare and produce them. The accounting cycle and the operating cycles are your intervals for reporting financial information. "This information is generally used by internal and external stakeholders to measure the organization's fiscal health" (M.U.S.E. Accounting Principles...
Words: 1113 - Pages: 5
......................................................................7 3. Understanding Riba ...........................................................10 3.1 A world shaped by Riba.................................................... 10 3.2 What is Riba? ................................................................. 11 4. The Misunderstanding of Riba............................................20 4.1. Religious reformism and capitalism ................................... 20 4.2 The Islamic Reformers ..................................................... 23 4.3 The followers of Reda ...................................................... 27 4.4 The misunderstanding of Riba an-nasiah today.................... 28 4.5 Equating Riba to interest in a loan ..................................... 33 4.6 Islamic Banking .............................................................. 34 4.6.1 Islamic Banks are banks ............................................. 34 4.6.2 Murabaha: what it is and what it is not ......................... 38 4.6.3 How the Islamic Bank’s version of the contract of Murabaha came into being ................................................................. 41 4.6.4 The danger of making principles out of contracts............ 46 4.7 The Stages of the “Islamisation” process ............................ 48 4.8 On the methodology of modernism .................................... 49 5. Understanding Paper Money ..............................................54 5.1 Paper money...
Words: 24329 - Pages: 98
...Business ethics across cultures Karen Lovelist XMGT 216 07/25/2010 Elizabeth Berg Business ethics across cultures Urdu is Pakistan’s official language and most widely spoken but in regard to businesses in the country English is generally used. Communication and building relationships are important to Pakistanis they prefer working with people they already know they believe the relationship they have with people they trust is worth more than trying to develop new ones it provides them with a strong foundation which is necessary for business relationships. In the Pakistan culture third party introductions are needed in the relationship. Pakistanis are hospitable people and are bound to ask some personal questions it is their way of getting to know you better. It is best to answer them because it helps in building trust that is important to any business relationship and all business related commitments. Pakistanis are indirect communicators in a group meeting and usually speak in round about fashion, direct communication only happens with people they know and trust Pakistanis are known for their diplomatic talk and would rather say they will try rather than refusing the business deal so be prepared to flatter and be flattered because Pakistanis go out of their way to praise business partners. Business in Pakistan is like doing business with a friend, businessmen feel that telephone numbers are an impersonal way of maintaining a business relationship. Business meetings...
Words: 1077 - Pages: 5
