...COLOMBIA COUNTRY ORIENTATION : Location : Colombia, which capital is Bogota, is located in the northwest of South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama, to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru. It is also bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea. "Colombia." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia>. Size : 1,138,910 km2. It is 1/9 size of the USA, which is the size of Texas and California combined. It makes Colombia #26 in the world and #4 in South America. "Colombia." - Country Profile. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.indexmundi.com/colombia/>. Government structure and Leadership : Colombia is a presidential representative democratic republic established with the Constitution of 1991. It is an unitary State, decentralized where multi-party system is allowed. Thus, it is a Republic with separation of powers between : The executive branch : a President, Juan Manuel Santos since 2010, also Head of government, and a Council of Ministers. The President is elected by popular vote for a four-year terms, and then choose the members of the Council of Ministers. The legislative branch : the Congress is bicameral, between the Chamber of Representatives (166 seats) and the Senate (102 seats). The Congress is elected by popular vote too, for a four-year terms. The judicial branch refers to The Supreme Court, which is represented by 23 judges divided into three Chambers...
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...before the couple come together as one. Couples don’t communicate because of pressing issues that each individual may be experiencing or if the expectations was not clear from the beginning of the relationship. Also, talking about your feelings in a marriage is important because then you can figure out exactly how to improve in a relationship but if they are not discussed than this to can fail a marriage. Also, if a couple does not communicate pre-marital issues before tying the knot then they will realize during the marriage things should have been set before. Therefore, these issues can get worst during the marriage. Financial issues are a huge reason divorces occur often. In marriages financial hardships hurts marriages because of unemployement, uncertainty, unequal financial position, and excessive spending. With each of these factors it causes disagreements between a relationship and financial support fails. When unemployment occurs whether it is short term or long term some of the effects are depression, blame, panic, anxiety, fear, and the worse thing is feeling helpless. Blaming the unemployed spouse for the issue can ruin a marriage. Unequal financial position is another financial issue. For an example if one spouse such as the female makes more money than the male spouse than...
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...2012, the percentage of people in poverty increased from 12.2 percent to 15.9 percent, while the number of people in poverty increased from 33.3 million to 48.8” (https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acsbr12-01.pdf.). This causes an extreme strain on the growth of the econmy,inaddtion to this the more poverty grows the more the GDP is being affected. The GDP is the overall measurement of the economy.It contains the percentage of the consumption rate, which is the calculation of good and services being bought. Poverty affects the consumption rate. The cause of poverty increasing can be due to recissions, depressions and most importantly unemployment. The unemployment rate plays a major role in poverty and the growth of the economy. Unemployement measures the relative distribution of economic well being in an economy.The distribution is added inadition to the poverty percentage.The unemployment rate can fluncuate from low to high, you can manily see the employment rate higher in large cities due to changes in the work force.The demand for more workers are decreasing because employeers want to pay less in benefits and on employee taxes.These rates play a dominating role because it determines the the health of consumption.When larger cities can not provide job oppertunities and is laying off workers it can cause a serious transition is spending. During the 2007 recission over of americans were laid off of there job.causing the unemployemnt rate to be .Low income families are affected...
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...What role dir moral hazard play in the United States financial crisis? Sub-prime lending People with no credit worth background could become credits easily all of the sudden. Reinvestment Act (passed in 1977, but revised in 1995 and amended in 2005) ( REFERENCE NIGEL) wants to make Hispanics and blacks more able to get credits, however the act missed the control function Moral hazard: Crazy loans. Interest only plans Everyone knew that they were unlikely to be ever paid back. Merrill lynch $55billion worth of securities on these books. “Home mortgages were purchased from banks and other lenders by Wall Street firms that packaged and divided them into different categories – based on the ability of borrowers to repay (see Foster & Magdoff, 2009, p. 94). They then were sold as investments” the riskier they are the more yield they generate. Lenders were happy because by selling to a bank they could make new loans. Banks were happy because of high volumes. Banks increase pressure on lenders to sell more morgages. Vicious cycle. Large sectors of the American industry outsourced companys to countries were labour is cheaper -> US many people unemployed -> less disposable income. At the same time government home ownership = American dream ← Credit default swap. o Packaging mortgages into a bond which then is sold to investors. Investors did not have to understand mortgages. Since this was rated by agencies such as standard & Poors, Moody’s triple A rating ...
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...The Fiscal Mismanagement and Fixed Exchange rate were the cause of Argentina 2001 Crisis Summary: Argentina’s economy verge to a state of collapse in the year of 2001, but the economy started to struggle with an economic recession in 1997. The fiscal mismanagement paired with the fixed exchange rate policy conducted the country to a financial crisis. IMF policies in lending to a country with struggling economy made people think if IMF was the responsible for the default crisis that affected Argentina in 2001. Public Deficit – The Major “devil” As economic reforms were happening in Argentina, the country started to face large capital inflows, as it was able to borrow large capital amounts at lower interest rates because of the currency pegging, in the global market. However the government fiscal policies failed to maintain surpluses during economic growth period and actually even during this period the government budget deficits were large. Fiscal mismanagement can be considered as the main reason for the economic crisis, which includes: * Weak fiscal policy – the fiscal policy should have been adjusted during times of economic rapid growth in order to achieve fiscal surpluses and give a cushion in government accounts against future downturns. Lax in tax collection and high budget expenditures led the government budget to deficits which combined with the economic recessions led to long-run budget constrains because the deficit was unsustainable. * Structural Reforms...
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...December 15, 2015 http://metrovaartha.com Background M i c r o , S m a l l a n d Me d i u m E n te r p r i s e s (MSMEs) in Bogor are one among various economic sectors that have contributed in regional revenue and also in employment sectors. Approximately 11.297 MSMEs in Bogor City (kotabogor.co.id, 2015) that employ 19.035 workers, and around 15.000 people involved in MSMEs in Bogor regency (business.com, 2015). As a follow up on this significant development, Bogor city administrators have transformed the Cooperation affairs office into Cooperation and MSMEs office to better manage the SMEs potential in Bogor City. Business development of MSMEs in both Bogor city and regency is expected to contribute significant solution to unemployement issues in that areas… Cont’d to Page 2 1 CHAPTER 1 PREFACE I.I. BACKGROUND Micro, Small and...
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...BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY International Business School Case Write-Up The Fiscal Mismanagement and Fixed Exchange rate were the cause of Argentina 2001 Crisis Summary: Argentina’s economy verge to a state of collapse in the year of 2001, but the economy started to struggle with an economic recession in 1997. The fiscal mismanagement paired with the fixed exchange rate policy conducted the country to a financial crisis. IMF policies in lending to a country with struggling economy made people think if IMF was the responsible for the default crisis that affected Argentina in 2001. Public Deficit – The Major “devil” As economic reforms were happening in Argentina, the country started to face large capital inflows, as it was able to borrow large capital amounts at lower interest rates because of the currency pegging, in the global market. However the government fiscal policies failed to maintain surpluses during economic growth period and actually even during this period the government budget deficits were large. Fiscal mismanagement can be considered as the main reason for the economic crisis, which includes: * Weak fiscal policy – the fiscal policy should have been adjusted during times of economic rapid growth in order to achieve fiscal surpluses and give a cushion in government accounts against future downturns. Lax in tax collection and high budget expenditures led the government budget to deficits which combined with the economic recessions led to long-run...
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...before the couple come together as one. Couples don’t communicate because of pressing issues that each individual may be experiencing or if the expectations was not clear from the beginning of the relationship. Also, talking about your feelings in a marriage is important because then you can figure out exactly how to improve in a relationship but if they are not discussed than this to can fail a marriage. Also, if a couple does not communicate pre-marital issues before tying the knot then they will realize during the marriage things should have been set before. Therefore, these issues can get worst during the marriage. Financial issues are a huge reason divorces occur often. In marriages financial hardships hurts marriages because of unemployement, uncertainty, unequal financial position, and excessive spending. With each of these factors it causes disagreements between a relationship and financial support fails. When unemployment occurs whether it is short term or long term some of the effects are depression, blame, panic, anxiety, fear, and the worse thing is feeling helpless. Blaming the unemployed spouse for the issue can ruin a marriage. Unequal financial position is another financial issue. For an example if one...
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...Assignment: The Key Concepts in Economics Jennifer McDonald Professor Camille Castorina ECO 100 - Principles of Economics February 28th 2016 The Key Concepts in Economics The economic article that I analyzed is “Unemployment rate falls to 5.1 percent, but Americans are not finding pay increases,” from The Washington Post, written by Chico Harlan and Ylan Q. Mui. The key points of this article discuss a possible slight increase in interest rates, the decrease in the unemployment rate, non-management employees’ wages not increasing, and economic uncertainty in China. This possibility of uneven growth in the economy is causing the stock market to become uncertain (Harlan & Mui, 2015). With unemployment and the price of oil being so low the economy should be growing, but with wages not increasing this could be the cause of the uncertainty in the markets. This could also be due to the last financial crisis that economy is still trying to recover from. Job growth and inflation are linked, if more people are employed prices for goods and services go up do to consumption, but even with job growth consumers are not making purchases, this can be due in part to the wage stagnation (Harlan & Mui, 2015). Another factor to the slow rise in inflation, could be a global economic slowdown which could be due in part to a decline in China’s economy; this could cause ripples in other nations’ economies now and in the future. Which could further lower prices of...
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...which resulted in lack of focus amongst different product and market niches. 1.2. Effects of legislation-For instance Governement legislation to deregulate the financial sector.Changing competition scenario in UK's financial services market leveraging co-perative service to transform into banks and diversify their product potfolio. 1.3. Customer Expectations:Changing customer expectations and lower switching costs can decrease the existing customer base.Thus the cost structure of the bank has to be leveraged for higher profits at the market costs.This is a perfect competetion case where the markets determine the costs(i.e. price for services) which has to be charged by the banks to sustain. 1.4. Macro-economic factors:High levels of unemployement i.e. recession had pressurised the customer base to remain dormant and thus impacted the banking institutions. 1.5. Functional restructuring:For instance the Personal Customer Service Center was formed.Thus forcing cost restructing in terms layoffs. 1.6. Cost centers:This is the first we are dealing with geographical and departmental...
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...Aggregate Demand and Supply Models ECO/372 Aggregate Demand and Supply Models The following report will detail out the current state of the U.S. Economy. The report will discuss the following: * Current economic state in regards to unemployment, expectations, consumer income and interest rates * The existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply * Fiscal policies that are currently being recommended by government leadership * The effectiveness of those fiscal policy recommendations from the Keynesian and Classical model perspectives. Unemployment rates fluctuate when the supply and demand for human resources are out of balance. The supply and demand are a result of the interaction of economic, policy and structural factors. Economic factors affect both supply and demand. The demand for goods and services increases production which results in the demand for workers, increasing the employment rate. The common thought among economists is that market-driven economies move in cycles and when they drop below certain levels unemployment may result. The moving of production from high wage countries to low wage countries is another factor that increases unemployment. A declining manufacturing sector will result in not enough jobs to go around along with third world competition. While new jobs are being created in the technology and service sectors it is not enough to make up for the amount of jobs that have been lost due to moving...
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...1. The first year of Eurodisney in Europe was disastrous for many reasons. Actually, the first one could be the weather. People who are going on vacations to have a good time, but more importantly to enjoy the weather. People in Europe or from everywhere are not going to vacation at a spot where the weather is going to be irregular; they choose a place where they have more chances to enjoy the journey. France get cold in the winter, therefore going to Disney World in Orlando would be more logical. It will be cheaper and the weather is going to be decent for whenever you choose to go. Secondly, European and other people haven’t got the same Fairy-tale culture. In France, they have their own characters and stories. Maybe it’s because of that Mickey did not create reason or attraction enough for the European community, unlike at the sister theme park Tokyo Disneyland. The diffenrence of price could be also a reason of this failure. For example, if we compare how much can pay a French and a Japanese family to enjoy a whole day in family in Eurodisney, the gap is really big ($280 and $600). The macro-environmental scanning of namely, the political, the cultural, and the economic aspects of Europe had been grossly miscalculated. They definitely had to change their way of seeing European people like American people and adapt Eurodisney to the European culture. For the Hong kong one, I think the most important thing is that the designers didn’t create the park as the population...
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...Aggregate Demand and Supply Models The US economy is highly dynamic and subject to a wide range of economic forces. Based on the latest economic data, our learning team will analyze the forces that drive the economy of the United States. The analysis will cover the following topics: • Macroeconomic topics related to unemployment, expectations, consumer income and interest rates • Factors that control the aggregate demand and supply in the United States • Government leaderships choices regarding • Additional recommendations based on Keynesian and Classical model perspectives. Unemployment rates fluctuate when the supply and demand for human resources are out of balance. The supply and demand are a result of the interaction of economic, policy and structural factors. Economic factors affect both supply and demand. The demand for goods and services increases production which results in the demand for workers, increasing the employment rate. The common thought among economists is that market-driven economies move in cycles and when they drop below certain levels unemployment may result. The moving of production from high wage countries to low wage countries is another factor that increases unemployment. A declining manufacturing sector will result in not enough jobs to go around along with third world competition. While new jobs are being created in the technology and service sectors it is not enough to make up for the amount of jobs that have been lost due to moving the manufacturing...
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...SOUTH AFRICA HISTORY In the history of South Africa, the earliest known settlers of the country were the San and Khoekhoe people, collectively known as Khoisan. They were two distinct cultural groups. The first Europeans to arrive in South Africa were the Portuguese Seafarers who initiated the sea route to India in 1488. They were soon followed by other Europeans since the late 16 th century In 1815, the British took permanent control of the Cape colony and brought in more settlers In 1910 South Africa got freedom from the British rule.The Union of South Africa was formed on 31 May 1910. The National Party came into power in 1948 and devised a harsh system of segregation known as apartheid. This system gave rise to Black hostility and resistance worldwide, resulting in the formation of African National Congress (ANC) in 1912, an anti-apartheid organization. In 1960, the ANC was banned and in 1964 Nelson Mandela, the leader of the African National Congress was sentenced to life imprisonment. In April, 1994, South Africa had their first democratic election which was won by the ANC and on 10 May, 1994, Nelson Mandela became the country's first Black president. Freedom Day is the official Independence Day of South Africa , it is celebrated on 27th of April every year GOVERNMENT TYPE The Republic of South Africa is a federal state comprising of a national government and nine provincial governments. The constitution of South Africa was adopted in 1996 and implemented...
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...angla Unemployment Probem In BD Introduction: Unemployment means the state of being without any work both for the educated and the uneducated for earning one’s livehood.This problem has become a great concern all over the world.But nowhere in the world this problem is so acute as in Bangladesh.Thousands of people in our country are without any job.At present the toughest task for any young man is to manage a job.It is tedious and sometimes humiliating.A person has to run year after year from office to office to find out a job.Hundreds of candidates swarm over a single post.The bad effect of unemployment is not only confined to the economic field but also destroys the sense of moral valus for want of employment.Many young people become frustrated.They have to lead a vagabond life.They have to idle away their time.Life becomes a curse and burden to them.When there is no dim ray of hope,they resort to commit different types of crimes like hijacking,plundering,robbery,murder,terrorism,drug addicting etc. History of unemployment in Bangladesh Historically for a long time British administration was the main cause of this problem. After ending Mughol regime when British came in Sub continent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) they started to do business, they exploited the sub-continent. They did not establish any Industry which is helpful to remove the unemployment problem. Though some Industry was made but all of them were placed in Indian Territory...
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