...The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) are two major sources of crime statistics commonly used in the United States (Sources of Crime Data: Uniform Crime Reports and the National Incident-Based Reporting System). Crime statistics is a complex process that is held to reflect accurately the incidence of crime in society (Criminal Statistics). Crime statistics first took shape in France in 1827, and it is now based on recorded offences and can be drawn from aggregate data recorded by official agencies such as the police and courts along with criminological research (Criminal Statistics). Criminology is the study of crime and in order to understand crime, one must study its existences along with...
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...Crime Data Comparison Paper Name CJA/ 314 January, 2014 Dr. Anthony Carbo Abstract In this paper, this student completes the following: This student will compare forcible rape crime rates for California and Oregon. This student will compare the data to show which metropolitan area had more reported incidents of forcible rape crimes. This student will also identify the rates of the crime for each metropolitan area. In addition, this student will address how the crime rate changed over time in each city, and what factors might explain the differences in the rates? Finally, this student provides a conclusion about the topic Crime Data Comparison Paper In this paper, this student completes the following: This student will compare forcible rape crime rates for California and Oregon State. This student will compare the data to show which metropolitan area had more reported incidents of forcible rape crimes. This student will also identify the rates of the crime for each metropolitan area. In addition, this student will address how the crime rate changed over time in each state, and what factors might explain the differences in the rates? Finally, this student provides a conclusion about the topic * Number of Forcible Rape Crimes Reported The FBI has gathered crime statistics from law enforcement agencies from across the Nation that voluntarily participates in the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program since 1930. The "UCR Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics" (2010)...
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...Sampling Considerations This learner’s research was a quantitative research that was done to shine more light on the consistent problem with our crime reporting system. The system emphases the gaps that we have and how different reporting information that are not accurate and is considered unworthy of support by the DOJ (Department of Justice) (Loftin, & McDowall, 2010, p. 528). We will use a Contextual-level data source which will use various sources that will assist with this research that will be amalgamated with the SCPS (State Court Processing Statistics) data. Sampling process that researchers will or consider using to recruit participants Being that this research would be beneficial to the Public Safety Field and LEOs (law enforcement...
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...FREAKONOMICS A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything Revised and Expanded Edition Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner CONTENTS AN EXPLANATORY NOTE In which the origins of this book are clarified. vii PREFACE TO THE REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION xi 1 INTRODUCTION: The Hidden Side of Everything In which the book’s central idea is set forth: namely, if morality represents how people would like the world to work, then economics shows how it actually does work. Why the conventional wisdom is so often wrong . . . How “experts”— from criminologists to real-estate agents to political scientists—bend the facts . . . Why knowing what to measure, and how to measure it, is the key to understanding modern life . . . What is “freakonomics,” anyway? 1. What Do Schoolteachers and Sumo Wrestlers Have in Common? 15 In which we explore the beauty of incentives, as well as their dark side—cheating. Contents Who cheats? Just about everyone . . . How cheaters cheat, and how to catch them . . . Stories from an Israeli day-care center . . . The sudden disappearance of seven million American children . . . Cheating schoolteachers in Chicago . . . Why cheating to lose is worse than cheating to win . . . Could sumo wrestling, the national sport of Japan, be corrupt? . . . What the Bagel Man saw: mankind may be more honest than we think. 2. How Is the Ku Klux Klan Like a Group of Real-Estate Agents? 49 In which it is argued that nothing is more powerful than information,...
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...In the article Victims and Offenders in Two Crime Statistics Programs: A Comparison of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), (herein after NCVS and NIBRS will be called “systems” when referencing the statistics of the nature of the crimes), the comparison of the two reporting systems for crimes are similar. These two reporting systems are a visual representation of the crimes that are reported. They do not account for crimes that are not reporting or crimes that are reported after the date. They report crime only when there is an official report, such as one by the officer that comes to the scene of the crime to take statements from the individuals. NCVS and NIBRS are only report burglary, larceny, aggravated assault, and vehicle theft. They do not report on more serious crimes such as rape or murder. Every report was different for males and females. Males where committing more crimes than female in every category mentioned above for offenders. Aggravated assault victims had more male than female. The crimes where committed against males more than females. This was reported by both systems noting that males where victimized more than females. Robbery was the same way noting that males were victimized more than females. Larceny and vehicle theft on both systems display white people has have being the must victimized out the other races. This includes white males and white females. This is broke down to head of...
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...are some of the risk factors associated with chronic offenders? Include at least six examples below. Some of the risk factors associated with chronic offenders are: Gender, neighborhood conditions, family, social influences such as friends, psychological issues, and individual characteristics. UCR and Self-Report Data Complete the matrix below. To complete this matrix, list two pros and two cons of Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data and two pros and two cons of self-report data. |Statistical Information |Pros |Cons | |Official Information: | | | |Uniform Crime Report (UCR)|Most widely used source of national crime and |The number of arrests and people arrested are not the | | |delinquency. |same. | | |Compiled from statistics sent to the FBI from |The number of teenage arrests is not the same as the | | |more than 17 thousaind police departments. |actual numbers of delinquent acts done by youths. | | | | | | | ...
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...Measuring Crime Paper Grant Curry CJA/ 204 Introduction to Criminal Justice October 5, 2015 Christopher Cannon Measuring Crime Crime is an act or omission prohibited and punished by law. Crime in the United States has increased since many years ago. Many years ago crime went unsolved or even lost in the system. Today crime can be investigated better in the United States. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniformed Crime Report (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) agency are formed together to help investigate crime and to collect data from crime scenes. For many years, these agencies did not have the technology that we have today that also helps with better investigation. Instruments The NCVS agency is the primary source of information on the characteristics of criminal victimization on the types of crimes reported. Crime is measured in the United States by the FBI Uniformed Crime Report. This agency collects the data from the many different types of crime. These reports are then made and followed up with the FBI. The FBI reviews the crime reports carefully to make sure that the report is being reported correctly, accurately, and no errors are indicated on the reports. Then the NCVS agency collects the data and the information pertaining the crime and information from the victim. The information that NCVS collects is very important information that is needed to help solve the crime. The data that is collected is the time and place...
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...Journal - Week 1, Due 09.28.2014 Beginner’s Guide to Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses Beginner’s Guide to Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses. (2011, Mar. 04). Retrieved on September 26. 2014 from ICANN site: https://www.icann.org/resources/files/ip-addresses-beginners-guide-2011-03-04-en The Beginner’s Guide to IP Addresses is a publication by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the private sector, non-profit corporation which assumes responsibility for IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions. The publication is part of the Beginner’s Guide series, published in the interest of educating new users about internet issues. The document details IP addresses, why we need them, protocol version history, implementation/distribution methods, and how these topics affect users. This particular concept is not new to me, but reading the document provided a ‘refresher course’ on topics that I have not recently studied. I use this information and technology on a daily basis - but through the course of use it is easy to step away from the fundamental details. In follow up reading, I find myself curious about the success of implementing IPv6 addressing. I know that it can be done, but have not seen a great deal of evidence that it is being done. As of June, 2014 the percentage of users accessing Google via IPv6 reached a milestone. 4%. While the 4% mark...
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...overgeneralisation and prevents a theory from becoming so abstract that it detaches itself and no longer defines the topic summarised under its umbrella. As a result the theory can become a source of guidance and a framework that clearly includes themes, whilst also representing a boundary that differentiates what lies within from the rest that remains outside its remit. With regard to criminology what lies within includes an agreed methodology to conduct research in order to analyse an observation. What is important is that a theory remains empirically testable and that the evidence gathered supports the theory itself. In addition to this criminology also focuses on the topic of crime and a range of human behaviours and relationships between various entities of society. What is considered to be an act of crime is normally defined by a person in power. Therefore the subject or object of investigation by the study of criminology includes the psychological assessment of a human being and the...
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...3.2 Unemployment effect on crime An additional problem linked with interpreting the empirical connection between joblessness and crime concerns the direction of causation. To the magnitude that criminal activity decreases the employability of lawbreakers, through either a scaring influence on imprisonment or a superior unwillingness among the criminally initiated to accept genuine occupation, criminal activity may in turn contribute to observed joblessness growth and add to regional joblessness levels. Hence, in addition to difficulties associated with excluded variables, previous inferences might also be flawed owing to simultaneity prejudice. To be more specific, simultaneity upwardly prejudices OLS (Ordinary least Squares) evaluations on crime, (Raphael and Rudolf, 2001:261). 3.3 Unemployment effect on family...
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...Crime against women in india I hereby declare that the project work entitled “CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA” submitted to the UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI, is a record of an original work done by me/us under the guidance of RANI D’SOUZA MAM, Faculty Member, S.M.SHETTY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES, and this project work is my/our original work based on our research and has not been used previously for any similar project. Name and roll no. of the group members * 33 - ashok pai * 67- sahil wani * 47 - dipika shetty * 53 - sushmia shetty We owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported us during the research of this project. My deepest thanks to Lecturer, Rani D’souza the Guide of the project for guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention and care. He has taken pain to go through the project and make necessary correction as and when needed. I express my thanks to the Principal of, [UNIVERSITY NAME & PLACE], for extending his support. I would also thank my Institution and my faculty members without whom this project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family and well wishers. contents * Introduction * Sexual harassment * Dowry * Child marriage * Female infanticides and sex selective abortions * Guwahati molestation just the tip of the iceberg,crime against women up in India * Causes of crime * Effects of crime ...
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...This is the third of series of my examination of the Atlanta Police Department. A department like no other. The department is strong as a unit but it is still only as strong as one of its officers. The officers vow to uphold the city and the department and are proud to represent both as the best the city has to offer. These officers are highly trained and very carefully selected. Now we will explore how these officers are selected, then trained and then finally how they are put out on the streets protecting the city. Before an officer is an officer they are just upstanding ordinary citizens. Before they can become an officer they must submit an application and be selected to become an APD officer, not just anyone can submit an application there are certain requirements that must be met. First the potential officer must be a legal citizen of the United States. One must pass a cognitive skills examination and personality assessment. Also potential officers must have no less than 20/100 vision in each eye, must have a high school diploma and/or a G.E.D. certificate. Lastly, they must be at least 20 years of age. If that’s not enough once they have been offered employment with the department they must undergo a medical evaluation. These are just precautions for the department takes to ensure they are picking from the very best citizens possible. Once an officer is employed with the department ,and have passed the medical exam, they will be sent to the Atlanta...
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...answer must be at least 250 words. I was born and raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. My family still lives there I just decided to move away from home for a couple years but will be returning next spring. Unfortunately in Milwaukee the crime rate and poverty has increased over the years. Every morning once you turn the television on the news is talking about the three murders the evening before. With the increase of crime I would like to see more organizations and people within the community coming together to help focus on those who are less fortunate. I believe this would lower crime rates and homelessness significantly. I care about Milwaukee very much, I was raised here and I hate to overhear other conversations amongst people how scary Milwaukee is, because I just don’t see it that way. In addition I am well aware of the potential Milwaukee has; events like Summerfest and Wisconsin State fair bring outsiders into the city representing Milwaukee. I would like to see more organizations like Hope’s Chest where individuals are coming together to sort out donated items to be resold at very affordable prices. If the people of Milwaukee who are struggling are able to purchase what they need at very low prices there would be no need for crime and people to not have a warm winter coat this winter. In general more voluntary organizations or low profit locations need to open up to get Milwaukee back on its feet. It is sad...
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...Most theories of crime focus on the individual, but social disorganization theory focuses on the community. According to this theory, some communities experience high levels of crime while others do not. Problem solving is needed for a successful neighborhood or community to prevent high rates of crime and deviance. Quality of life and strong social actions also deter delinquency. This theory explains why crime committed by lower class communities is more prominent than neighborhoods from communities in better economic areas. An element of social disorganization theory is poverty. A lack of wealth can be due to lack of employment opportunities. When employment opportunities increase, we see residents flee to more secure and stable communities. When employment opportunities remain low, this is the beginning of economic deprivation. When economic deprivation occurs, social disorganization occurs which can lead to crime. Poverty can have a big influence on crime. When there are not any positive opportunities like employment, people may turn to other methods to put food on the table. The Chicago School of Criminology refers to work conducted by faculty to understand why crime and delinquency rates are higher in...
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...Crime statistics and victimization reports show that the majority of crime is committed by the younger generation (Rothman, Dunlop, Burton D & Entzel, 2004), with the peak ages for crime sentencing being 21-27 (Blowers & Doerner, 2015). Older people classified from ages 50 onwards are reported to have committed the least amount of crimes compared to all other age categories, accounting for less than 5% of crimes committed (Criminal justice statistics, 2015). While statistic wise older people fill a very small proportion of committed crimes, there is in fact significant importance in studying older offenders. In this day and age it is mandatory in the majority of countries that older prisoners are provided the same medical care as free world citizens. This ranges from everyday healthcare needs to the treatment of complex medical conditions and illnesses (Smyer & Burbank, 2009). The costs involved to care for an older offender can be up to three times more than that of a younger, which is a worrying factor when the population is constantly on the increase (Smyer & Burbank, 2009). As accommodating for older offenders is not cheap, if there were a way through research and theoretical developments to gain an understanding into the reasoning behind why older people do in fact commit crime, it could potentially reduce further increases to the criminal population. This report will predominantly discuss this. It will discuss that, the importance in gaining research insights into older...
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