...volume, V= cf/ (p- cv) V= 55000/ (21- 8) V= 4230.77 recap tires, 2. monthly break even volume V= cf/ (p- cv) We have Cf= 30000, cv= 0.16, p= 0.40 V= 30000/ (0.4- 0.16) V= 125000 units 3. If the new price is p= 0.60, Then the break even volume will decrease. We don’t need to sell as much units as before to break even. Proof: V= 30000/ (0.6- 0.16) V= 68181.81 units 4. If we increase advertising, that means CF increases, then the Break even volume will increase, because the cost of the production increased. Proof; V= 30000+ 14000/ (0.6- 0.16) V= 100000 units 5.we have Cf= 5600, cv= 0.35, p= ?; v= 2000 (note: Cf= 2500+3100; Cf= $5600) a.What price should be charged to break even? Break even means Profit = 0, then TR=TC Meaning V*P= cf+ V*cv, then P= (cf+ V*cv)/ V P= (5600+ 2000*0.35)/ 2000 P= $3.15 b. If during the season, there are less guest than expected, to break even, she needs to increase the prices. 6. we have Cf= 360000, cv= 12000, p= 17000; a. determine V , V= cf/ (p- cv) , V= 360000/ (17000- 12000) V= 72 units. b. if we have V= 75, Profit = ? , Profit= V*P- ( cf+ V*cv), Profit= 75*17000- ( 360000+ 75*12000) Profit = 1275000-1260000 Profit = $ 15000 c. If the tuition increase, to p= 22000; the volume become v= 35, should the college consider doing this? let's check the...
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...Unit 19: Applied Sociological Perspectives for Health and Social Care ------------------------------------------------- Points to cover for P1, P2, M1, D1 P1 - An explanation of the concept of an unequal society, using sociological terms and concepts. * Stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, marginalisation, labelling, social exclusion ------------------------------------------------- Ensure you give clear definitions of the inter-related terms first and explain using appropriate examples to illustrate their meaning. P2 - A description of a range of social inequalities in society. Focus on groups relating to: * Social class, Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Disability Sexuality First ensure you briefly describe these factors ------------------------------------------------- Second describe how people can experience inequalities within these groups by using examples to illustrate the differences in opportunities, quality of life and/or levels of health and well-being. M1 - A discussion of the impact of those social inequalities on the different groups in society. Ensure your discussion develops ideas introduced in P1 & P2 and clearly illustrates the impact of these. ------------------------------------------------- Ideas introduced in P1 and P2- to discuss Stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, marginalisation, labelling and social exclusion and discuss how social inequalities within these factors can affect the health and wellbeing of different social...
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...| 20092446 | Problem Al Kobaisi Group is a ready mix company which has three plants in various locations among Kingdom of Bahrain. They signed a contract with Al-Moayed contracting to supply them with concrete mix for three different projects located at three different areas. The following tables show the amount of concrete mix each plant can provide and required quantities for each project: Al Kobaisi Group Plants | Supply | P1 | 200 m3/day | P2 | 450 m3/day | P3 | 325 m3/day | Project Name | Demand | M1 | 100 m3/day | M2 | 375 m3/day | M3 | 500 m3/day | Al Kobaisi Group will rent the trucks from a transportation company to transfer the concrete mix from the plants to the sites. Sales manager of Al Kobaisi Group wants to know the optimum way of assignment of trucks in which the cost will be minimum. Use the below table in order to help the manager in taking the decision using one of the L.P models. P/M | M1 | M2 | M3 | Supply | P1 | 20 | 5 | 13 | 200 | P2 | 9 | 18 | 7 | 450 | P3 | 11 | 16 | 23 | 325 | Demand | 100 | 375 | 500 | | In order to solve the above mentioned problem we are going to use transportation model. However, before starting the solution a brief description of the model will be illustrated as follow: Transportation Problem Many practical problems in operations research can be broadly formulated as linear programming problems, for which the simplex this is a general...
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... | |Assessor’s Name: | | |Assessor’s Signature: | |Date: | | |Date Issued: |3rd February 2014 |Submission Date: |17th March 2014 | |Feedback Date: |In class 17th March 2014 | Final Submission date |12th May 2014 | List of criteria for this Assignment |Unit 9...
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...Price Elasticity of Demand Example Questions Review: First, a quick review of Price Elasticity of Demand from lecture on 02/19/09. The definition, of Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) is: Price Elasticity of Demand = Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded = %ΔQD Percentage Change in Price %ΔP In order to calculate the PED we need two points on the demand curve, (QD1 , P1 ) and (QD2 , P2 ) . We use the midpoint formula, so: QD2 − QD1 ⎛ QD2 ⎜ ⎜ PED = ⎝ P2 ⎛ P2 ⎜ ⎝ + QD1 ⎞ ⎟ ⎟ 2 ⎠ − P1 + P1 ⎞ ⎟ 2 ⎠ Once we have calculated the PED between two points on the demand curve, we can say if demand between those points is “elastic,” “inelastic” or “unit elastic”: • • • Demand is “elastic” at a certain point if PED < -1 Demand is “inelastic” at a certain point if 0 > PED > -1 Demand is “unit elastic” at a certain point if PED = -1 There are a number of factors that can determine if a demand curve will be more elastic, or more inelastic (we will talk more about these factors on Tuesday, 02/24/09): Four Factors Affecting PED: 1. 2. 3. 4. Availability of close substitutes Necessities vs. luxuries Definition of Market Amount of time 1 When calculating different elasticities it is very important to keep in mind, what information you need to calculate a certain elasticity and what information you have available. Also, sometimes there is information that is not relevant to certain elasticities. Be sure you are aware of what information is necessary and what information...
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...Question (1): Assume a 45-hr/week and an hourly wage of €21. Material cost is €15 per running meter and the standard inventory value of output is €173 per unit. Overhead is charged weekly at the rate of €1838 and 0.75 times direct cost. Week | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Output | 636 | 576 | 624 | 644 | Workers | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | Material (meter) | 4125 | 3675 | 3930 | 4035 | A. Briefly explain the concept of productivity? Productivity Productivity is a measure of the rate at which outputs of goods and services are produced per unit of input (labor, capital, raw materials, etc.). It is calculated as the ratio of the amount of outputs produced to some measure of the amount of input used. Productivity = Quantity of goods and services produced Amount of resources used As the equation indicates, there are two variables in measuring productivity- the amount of production and amount of resources used. Productivity varies with the amount of production relative to the amount of resources used. Productivity can be increased in several ways, which Are given below here- 1. Increase production using the same or a smaller amount of resources. 2. Reduce the amount of resources used while keeping the same production or increasing it. 3. Allow the amount of resources used to increase c production increases more. 4. Allow production to decrease as long as...
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...current production levels is $200. Determine your optimal per unit price if: a. You are a monopolist. b. You compete against one other firm in a Cournot oligopoly. c. You compete against 19 other firms in a Cournot oligopoly. a. P=(EF/1+EF)*MC => (-1.50/-.50) * 75 => 225 b. P = (NEm/1+NEm)*MC => (-1.50/-.50) * 75 => 225 c. P = (NEm/1+NEm)*MC => (19* -1.50/1+ 19*-.50) * 75 => (-28.5 / -8.5) * 75 => 251 4. P1= (E1/1+ E1)MC = (-2/1-2)10 = $20 and the optimal markup is 2. P2= (E2/1+ E2)MC = (-6/1-6)10 = $60 and the optimal markup is 6. b. Profit maximization should follow the next condition: MR1= MR2 => P1(1+ E1/ E1) = P2(1+ E2/ E2). Groups of consumers are already identified as well as their elasticity of demands. Therefore, in order to enhance profits, there must be differences in the elasticity of demand of the different consumers. Since Group 2 has a more elastic demand for the product than do Group 1, they should be charged a lower price to maximize profits. In addition, the manager should prevent resell the product as consumers buying at lower price can resell their purchases to the group paying higher price. 6. a. The inverse function is P = 200 – 4Q and the Marginal cost is $120. The optimal number of units in a package is that output where price equals marginal cost. Therefor we set 200 – 4Q = 120 and we get, Q = 20 units. b. The total value to a consumer of the 20 units, which is $3,200 (.5)(20)($200 - $120) + ($120)(20) = $3...
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...Chapter 6: CPU Scheduling • • • Basic Concepts Scheduling Criteria Scheduling Algorithms Operating System Concepts 6.1 Basic Concepts • Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming. • CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait. – Example: Alternating Sequence of CPU And I/O Bursts – In an I/O – bound program would have many very short CPU bursts. – In a CPU – bound program would have a few very long CPU bursts. Operating System Concepts 6.2 1 CPU Scheduler • The CPU scheduler (short-term scheduler) selects from among the processes in memory that are ready to execute, and allocates the CPU to one of them. • A ready queue may be implemented as a FIFO queue, priority queue, a tree, or an unordered linked list. • CPU scheduling decisions may take place when a process: 1. Switches from running to waiting state (ex., I/O request). 2. Switches from running to ready state (ex., Interrupts occur). 3. Switches from waiting to ready state (ex., Completion of I/O). 4. Terminates. • Scheduling under 1 and 4 is nonpreemptive; otherwise is called preemptive. • Under nonpreemptive scheduling, once the CPU has been allocated to a process, the process keeps the CPU until it releases the CPU either by terminating or by switching to the waiting state. Operating System Concepts 6.3 Dispatcher • Dispatcher module gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short-term scheduler;...
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...Chapter 1 Microeconomics of Consumer Theory The two broad categories of decision-makers in an economy are consumers and firms. Each individual in each of these groups makes its decisions in order to achieve some goal – a consumer seeks to maximize some measure of satisfaction from his consumption decisions while a firm seeks to maximize its profits. We first consider the microeconomics of consumer theory and will later turn to a consideration of firms. The two theoretical tools of consumer theory are utility functions and budget constraints. Out of the interaction of a utility function and a budget constraint emerge the choices that a consumer makes. Utility Theory A utility function describes the level of “satisfaction” or “happiness” that a consumer obtains from consuming various goods. A utility function can have any number of arguments, each of which affects the consumer's overall satisfaction level. But it is only when we consider more than one argument can we consider the trade-offs that a consumer faces when making consumption decisions. The nature of these trade-offs can be illustrated with a utility function of two arguments, but is completely generalizable to the case of any arbitrary number of arguments.1 An advantage of considering the case of just two goods is that we can analyze it graphically because, recall, graphing a function of two arguments requires three dimensions, graphing a function of three arguments requires four dimensions, and, in general, graphing...
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...ASSESSMENT BRIEF | Learner Name: | Data No: | Assessor: William Gold | IV: Martin Thomas | Programme: BTEC Level 3 Diploma in Public services (uniformed) YR 1 | Assignment Title: Demonstrating discipline | Unit Number(s) & Title: Unit 4: Discipline in the Uniformed Public Services. | Hand out: Submission: 19/10/15 | Submission:09/11/15 | Criteria reference | To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | | Task no. | UNIT:4 | | | P2 | demonstrate self-discipline through relevant activities | | 1 | M2 | perform relevant activities with a high standard of self discipline | | 1 | D2 | evaluate personal levels of self-discipline for entry to the uniformed public services. | | 2 | SCENARIO | As a representative of a uniformed public service you have been asked to give a drill demonstration to a visiting dignitary. This display is intended to convey the high standards of discipline inherent in the British Public Services. | TASK NO. | TASK: | CRITERIA: | 1. | You will take part in a drill demonstration for a visiting dignitary one Mr Harrison a visiting head of state from a territory friendly to the UK. The display is intended to impress the visiting dignitary with the discipline inherent in the British uniformed services. The drill demonstration will consist of the following maneuvers:Bracing upComing to attentionOpen order right dressMarchingComing to a haltAbout turnLeft/right wheel (depending on space)You...
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...complete bank transactions without getting out of their cars. On weekday mornings, arrivals to the drive-up teller window occur at random, with an arrival rate of 24 customers per hour or 0.4 customers per minute. a) What is the mean or expected number of customers that will arrive in a five-minute period? The expected number is of 0.4*5 = 2 customer is a five-minute period. b) Assume that the Poisson probability distribution can be used to describe the arrival process. Use the arrival rate in part (a) and compute the probabilities that exactly 0, 1, 2, and 3 customers will arrive during a five-minute period. The probabilities of the described scenarios are as follows: P0=20e-20! P0=0.135335283 P1=21e-21! P1=0.270670566 P2=22e-22! P2=0.270670566 P3=23e-23! P3=0.180447044 c) Delays are expected if more than three customers arrive during any five-minute period. What is the probability that delays will occur? This probability can be expressed as the probability of more than 3 customers arriving during the five-minute period, which can be computed as following: P(x > 3) = 1 – P(x ≤ 3) P (x > 3) = 1 – 0.85712346 P(x > 3) = 0.14287654 Thus, there is a 14, 29% probability of expected delays in five-minute period. Problem 3 Use the single-server drive-up bank teller operation referred to in Problems 1 and 2 to determine the following characteristics for the system: Using arrival rate and service rate PER MINUTE a) The probability that no...
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...CERTIFICATE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE UNIT 4 DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE LIFE STAGES Unit abstract Knowledge of human growth and development through the life stages is important for learners who are considering careers in the health or social care sectors because it will assist understanding of the needs of individuals at different stages of life, including their potential care needs. It will also help you understand the influence of unexpected events on patients/service users and their families. This unit enables you to gain understanding of different life stages and how people grow and develop. It requires you to reflect on the importance of a variety of factors and major life events on the development of individuals, and to consider the nature-nurture debate. The unit also allows you to gain an insight into the ageing process and to understand both positive and negative perspectives on ageing. Learning Outcomes On completion of this unit you should: 1. Understand human growth and development through the life stages 2. Understand how life factors and events may influence the development of the individual 3. Understand physical changes and psychological perspectives in relation to ageing HOW THIS UNIT WILL BE ASSESSED To reach Pass level, the evidence must show that the learner is able to: P1 describe physical, intellectual, emotional and social development through the life stages P2 describe the potential influence of...
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...CPU SCHEDULINGCPU scheduling in UNIX is designed to benefit interactive processes. Processes are given small CPU time slices by a priority algorithm that reduces to round-robin scheduling for CPU-bound jobs.The scheduler on UNIX system belongs to the general class of operating system schedulers known as round robin with multilevel feedback which means that the kernel allocates the CPU time to a process for small time slice, preempts a process that exceeds its time slice and feed it back into one of several priority queues. A process may need much iteration through the "feedback loop" before it finishes. When kernel does a context switch and restores the context of a process. The process resumes execution from the point where it had been suspended.Each process table entry contains a priority field. There is a process table for each process which contains a priority field for process scheduling. The priority of a process is lower if they have recently used the CPU and vice versa.The more CPU time a process accumulates, the lower (more positive) its priority becomes, and vice versa, so there is negative feedback in CPU scheduling and it is difficult for a single process to take all the CPU time. Process aging is employed to prevent starvation.Older UNIX systems used a 1-second quantum for the round- robin scheduling. 4.33SD reschedules processes every 0.1 second and recomputed priorities every second. The round-robin scheduling is accomplished by the -time-out mechanism, which tells...
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...COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore | Department of Computer Science | Program Name: BS(CS) 2012-Fall | Course Title: Computer Graphics | Assignment #: 1 | Assignment out: 12-09-2012 | Topic: Math. for CG | Last date of submission: 19-09-2012 | ------------------------------------------------- Name: Hassaan Javaid Roll # 23 Evaluation: Through quiz Credit: 10 Instructions: 1. Submit your assignment in hard form in class as per format given in course hand book. It must include a. Start page(s): print of this sheet b. Plagiarism policy with your signature. Assignments without it, will not be checked. Download it from http://zulfiqar.8m.com. 2. Late submission policy: deduction @ of 10% of total marks per day. Problem Statements: 1. Vectors Given vertices P1 = (1, 1, 0), P2 = (1, 0, 2), and P3 = (3, 2, 0) of a triangle T, counter clock wise around the normal. a. Find vector u from P1 to P2 b. Find vector v from P1 to P3 c. (u+v).(u-v) d. (u+v)×(u-v) e. the length of u f. the vector 3 times longer than u g. the unit vector of u h. the angle between u & v i. the length of projection of u on v j. compute the normal to T k. compute the area of T 2. Matrices Let A = 123404212, B= 213114330 a. Compute C = AB b. Does AB = BA? c. Given the vector u from previous question, find Au d. Given the vector v from previous...
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...Cobb–Douglas Production Functions 1 mathematical tricks • the derivative of αxβ with respect to x is αβxβ−1 • xα xβ = xα+β (for any α and β) • 1 xα = x−α • if m = nB , then n = m1/B 2 the production function A production function y = f (x1 , x2 ) is a Cobb–Douglas production function if it can be written in the form y = Axa xb 1 2 (1) where A, a and b are positive constants. So the partial derivatives of a Cobb–Douglas production function are : M P1 = M P2 = ∂y = aAxa−1 xb 1 2 ∂x1 (2) ∂y = bAxa xb−1 (3) 1 2 ∂x2 The absolute value of the slope of an isoquant is the technical rate of substitution, or T RS. This T RS equals M P1 /M P2 so that (2) and (3) imply that T RS = M P1 ax1 = M P2 bx2 1 (4) Equations (2) and (3) imply that the Cobb–Douglas technology is monotonic, since both partial derivatives are positive. Equation (4) demonstrates the technology is convex, since the (absolute value) of the T RS falls as x1 increases and x2 decreases. 3 returns to scale Suppose that all inputs are scaled up by some factor t. The new level of output is (5) f (tx1 , tx2 ) = A(tx1 )a (tx2 )b = ta+b Axa xb 1 2 Notice from equation (5) that f (tx1 , tx2 ) = ta+b f (x1 , x2 ). We have increasing returns to scale if f (tx1 , tx2 ) > tf (x1 , x2 ) whenever t > 1. So here we have increasing returns to scale if ta+b > t, which is the same thing as a + b > 1. Similarly, decreasing returns to scale arise if f (tx1 , tx2 ) < tf (x1 , x2 ) whenever t > 1. Here...
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