Omar Jamil Applied Science CW

Instrument: Light Microscope - A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify images of small samples.

Basic rules to using and calibrating the microscope:
1. You should always carry a microscope with two hands, one on the arm and the other under the base.
2. You should always start on the lowest power objective lens and should always leave on the microscope on the low power lends when you finish using it.
3. You should use the Course adjustment only to focus the microscope at first, and then use the fine to get the image in perfect focus. Always use the only fine adjustment when using the high powered lens.
4. Always put the dust back on the microscope when you are not using it.

Instrument: pH meter - A pH Meter is a device used for measuring the pH, which is either the concentration or the activity of hydrogen ions, of an aqueous solution. It usually has a glass electrode plus a calomel reference electrode, or a combination electrode. pH meters are usually used to measure the pH of liquids, though special probes are sometimes used to measure the pH of semi-solid substances.

Instructions on using and calibrating Ph meter:
1. Make sure that the pH probe you are using has been stored in a storage solution or a pH 4 solution. If this is not the case, soak the probe in distilled water for at least 24 hours.
2. Check that the meter is set in pH mode, and then rinse the probe of your meter in distilled water. Shake it off before placing it in a pH 7 solution for calibration.
3. Let the probe remain in the solution for at least 30 seconds to allow time for the meter to stabilise, and then adjust the meter so that it reads pH 7.
4. Rinse once again and then place it into a pH 4 solution, giving time for the meter reading to stabilise. Adjust the meter so that it reads pH 4. Your meter has now been calibrated.
5. Rinse the probe once again as you have done before and shake off any excess liquid. The probe is now ready to be placed in your sample liquid.
6. After allowing the pH reading to settle as you have done before, take the pH reading of your sample.
7. Store the probe in storage solution or a pH 4 solution when finished measuring

Instrument: Pipette - A pipette or dropper is a laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry, biology and medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser. Pipettes come in several designs for various purposes with differing levels of accuracy and precision, from single piece glass pipettes to more complex adjustable or electronic pipettes. Many pipette types work by creating a partial vacuum above the liquid-holding chamber and selectively releasing this vacuum to draw up and dispense liquid. Measurement accuracy varies greatly depending on the style.

Instructions on using a pipette:

1. Make sure the pipette is deep enough to compensate for the drop in volume associated with the pipette's uptake.
2. Release the bulb slowly, drawing up the liquid into the pipette. If you need to measure the volume of liquid, watch as the liquid is drawn up and discontinue the bulb release when the volume reaches the appropriate level.
3. Squeeze the bulb again to evacuate the liquid into an appropriate receptacle or slide.