...Unit 27-Understanding Health and Safety in the Business Workplace P1 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 The health and safety at work act is a legislation that covers health and safety in the UK. The health and safety executive is responsible for enforcing this law relevant to the working environment. The health and safety act protects health and safety for workers if there were any injuries to a worker when they are at work then they is protected by this law. BAM Construction Site In a BAM construction site to follow the health and safety at work act is very important, this is because in a BAM construction site there are many workers that have got different jobs to do that are a risk for the workers such as the crane driver, the job role for the crane driver is to direct heavy equipment from the floor around the construction site to the location it needs to be and without the right training the heavy equipment can slide of and fall on workers or on the building itself. However BAM construction site worker follow the health and safety at work act very seriously because there have been very few injuries at the construction site. In 6 months there have only been two injuries in the construction site and the injuries were minor however any injury that happens on a BAM construction site has to be reported. The amount of risks that are in the construction site are very high and to have two minor injuries in the amount of time the construction site has been there is an achievement...
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...CPU SCHEDULINGCPU scheduling in UNIX is designed to benefit interactive processes. Processes are given small CPU time slices by a priority algorithm that reduces to round-robin scheduling for CPU-bound jobs.The scheduler on UNIX system belongs to the general class of operating system schedulers known as round robin with multilevel feedback which means that the kernel allocates the CPU time to a process for small time slice, preempts a process that exceeds its time slice and feed it back into one of several priority queues. A process may need much iteration through the "feedback loop" before it finishes. When kernel does a context switch and restores the context of a process. The process resumes execution from the point where it had been suspended.Each process table entry contains a priority field. There is a process table for each process which contains a priority field for process scheduling. The priority of a process is lower if they have recently used the CPU and vice versa.The more CPU time a process accumulates, the lower (more positive) its priority becomes, and vice versa, so there is negative feedback in CPU scheduling and it is difficult for a single process to take all the CPU time. Process aging is employed to prevent starvation.Older UNIX systems used a 1-second quantum for the round- robin scheduling. 4.33SD reschedules processes every 0.1 second and recomputed priorities every second. The round-robin scheduling is accomplished by the -time-out mechanism, which tells...
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...Chapter 6: CPU Scheduling • • • Basic Concepts Scheduling Criteria Scheduling Algorithms Operating System Concepts 6.1 Basic Concepts • Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming. • CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait. – Example: Alternating Sequence of CPU And I/O Bursts – In an I/O – bound program would have many very short CPU bursts. – In a CPU – bound program would have a few very long CPU bursts. Operating System Concepts 6.2 1 CPU Scheduler • The CPU scheduler (short-term scheduler) selects from among the processes in memory that are ready to execute, and allocates the CPU to one of them. • A ready queue may be implemented as a FIFO queue, priority queue, a tree, or an unordered linked list. • CPU scheduling decisions may take place when a process: 1. Switches from running to waiting state (ex., I/O request). 2. Switches from running to ready state (ex., Interrupts occur). 3. Switches from waiting to ready state (ex., Completion of I/O). 4. Terminates. • Scheduling under 1 and 4 is nonpreemptive; otherwise is called preemptive. • Under nonpreemptive scheduling, once the CPU has been allocated to a process, the process keeps the CPU until it releases the CPU either by terminating or by switching to the waiting state. Operating System Concepts 6.3 Dispatcher • Dispatcher module gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short-term scheduler;...
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...Question (1): Assume a 45-hr/week and an hourly wage of €21. Material cost is €15 per running meter and the standard inventory value of output is €173 per unit. Overhead is charged weekly at the rate of €1838 and 0.75 times direct cost. Week | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Output | 636 | 576 | 624 | 644 | Workers | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | Material (meter) | 4125 | 3675 | 3930 | 4035 | A. Briefly explain the concept of productivity? Productivity Productivity is a measure of the rate at which outputs of goods and services are produced per unit of input (labor, capital, raw materials, etc.). It is calculated as the ratio of the amount of outputs produced to some measure of the amount of input used. Productivity = Quantity of goods and services produced Amount of resources used As the equation indicates, there are two variables in measuring productivity- the amount of production and amount of resources used. Productivity varies with the amount of production relative to the amount of resources used. Productivity can be increased in several ways, which Are given below here- 1. Increase production using the same or a smaller amount of resources. 2. Reduce the amount of resources used while keeping the same production or increasing it. 3. Allow the amount of resources used to increase c production increases more. 4. Allow production to decrease as long as...
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... | |Assignment front sheet | |Qualification |Unit number and title | |BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma In Business |Unit 16: Human Resource Management in Business | |Learner name | Assessor name | | | C Graham, F Mooney, J Robinson, E Smith | |Date issued | Hand in deadline |Submitted on | |1 W/E 26/01/2015 |W/E 27/02/15 | | |2 W/E 26/01/2015 |W/E 27/03/15 | | |3 W/E 26/01/2015 |W/E 17/04/15 | | |4 W/E 26/01/2015 |W/E 15/05/15 | ...
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...dynamically balance the load among servers and improve utilization of resources. There are still some areas that are needed to be focused on in cloud computing. Resource Management Task Scheduling The task scheduling goals of Cloud computing is provide optimal tasks scheduling for users, and provide the entire cloud system throughput and QoS at the same time. Scheduling is the process of allocating tasks to available resources on the basis of tasks need [5].The main purpose for scheduling is to maximize the utilization of resources. Following are the needs of job scheduling in cloud computing: CPU utilization – keep the CPU as busy as possible (from 0% to 100%) Throughput – # of processes that complete their execution per time unit Turnaround time – amount of time to execute a particular Process Waiting time – amount of time a process has been waiting in the ready queue...
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...Humzah Ahmad Unit 27 – P1 Explain the legal requirements for ensuring the H&S and security of those employed Introduction- in this report i will be explaining the legal requirements for ensuring the health, safety and security of those employed at Washwood heath Academy. Legislation: On estimate there are around 1.6 million accidents each year in the work place with a cost to British industry of around £700m. This may seem like a large number of accidents but compared to many other countries the safety record of workers in Britain is good. The reason for this is that we have a strong set of laws passed by parliament and the European Union that aim to protect employees. When Tesco begins to employee people to work there, they must be following the health and safety legislations and regulations that affect a business working environment, this is so that employees will always be safe when in the workplace. Statutory duties of employers and employees relating to health, safety and welfare: In the past health and safety in the workplace was very much the employer’s responsibility. Now, employees have more rights and responsibilities and the emphasis has shifted so that current health and safety focus on employers and employees working as a partnership to ensure that everyone is safe in the workplace. There are various explicit duties that an employer has towards their employees. Tesco must follow the statutory duties of employers and employees relating to health,...
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...Chapter 5: CPU Scheduling Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Chapter 5: CPU Scheduling Basic Concepts Scheduling Criteria Scheduling Algorithms Thread Scheduling Multiple-Processor Scheduling Operating Systems Examples Algorithm Evaluation Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.2 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Objectives To introduce CPU scheduling, which is the basis for multiprogrammed operating systems To describe various CPU-scheduling algorithms To discuss evaluation criteria for selecting a CPU-scheduling algorithm for a particular system Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.3 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Basic Concepts Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait CPU burst distribution Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.4 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Alternating Sequence of CPU and I/O Bursts Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.5 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Histogram of CPU-burst Times Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.6 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 CPU Scheduler Selects from among the processes in ready queue, and allocates the CPU to one of them Queue may be ordered in various ways Switches from running to waiting state Switches from running...
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...CHAPTER 1 QUESTIONS 1. The function of cost accounting is to provide the cost accounting information that is the basis for planning and controlling current and future operations. It provides the cost figures and analyses that management needs in order to find the most efficient methods of operating, achieving control of costs, and determining selling prices. 2. Originally issued for companies marketing products in Europe, a set of international standards for quality management, known as the ISO 9000 family, was designed by the International Organization for Standardization. Obtaining ISO 9000 is important because many companies will only contract with ISO 9000 suppliers. 3. Manufacturers convert purchased materials into finished goods by using labor, technology, and facilities. Merchandisers purchase completed products for resale. Service businesses or agencies sell or provide services rather than products. 4. A manufacturer differs from a merchandiser in these ways: a. The merchandiser buys items to sell while the manufacturing business must make the items it markets. b. Usually the manufacturer has a greater investment in physical facilities. c. The manufacturer will incur some costs peculiar to this type of industry, such as machine maintenance, materials handling, and inspection of manufactured goods. The two types of operations are similar in that they are both concerned with purchasing, storing, and selling goods;...
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...types of inputs – the nature of the contractual relationship between the providers of inputs to a firm may be quite complicated 2 Contractual Relationships • Some contracts between providers of inputs may be explicit – may specify hours, work details, or compensation • Other arrangements will be more implicit in nature – decision-making authority or sharing of tasks 3 Modeling Firms’ Behavior • Most economists treat the firm as a single decision-making unit – the decisions are made by a single dictatorial manager who rationally pursues some goal • usually profit-maximization 4 Profit Maximization • A profit-maximizing firm chooses both its inputs and its outputs with the sole goal of achieving maximum economic profits – seeks to maximize the difference between total revenue and total economic costs 5 Profit Maximization • If firms are strictly profit maximizers, they will make decisions in a “marginal” way – examine the marginal profit obtainable from producing one more unit of hiring one additional laborer 6 Output Choice • Total revenue for a firm is given by R(q) = p(q)q • In the production of q, certain economic costs are incurred [C(q)] • Economic profits () are the difference between total revenue and total costs (q) = R(q) – C(q) = p(q)q –C(q) 7 Output Choice • The necessary condition for choosing the level of q that maximizes profits can be found by setting the derivative of the function with respect to q equal...
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...Constraint 8 3 Preferences 10 4 Utility 14 5 Choice 18 6 Demand 24 7 Revealed Preference 27 8 Slutsky Equation 30 9 Buying and Selling 33 10 Intertemporal Choice 37 12 Uncertainty 39 14 Consumer Surplus 43 15 Market Demand 46 18 Technology 48 19 Profit Maximization 52 20 Cost Minimization 54 21 Cost Curves 57 22 Firm Supply 59 23 Industry Supply 62 24 Monopoly 64 2 25 Monopoly Behavior 67 26 Factor Market 72 27 Oligopoly 76 28 Game Theory 80 30 Exchange 85 3 Ch. 1. The Market I. Economic model: A simplified representation of reality A. An example – Rental apartment market in Shinchon: Object of our analysis – Price of apt. in Shinchon: Endogenous variable – Price of apt. in other areas: Exogenous variable – Simplification: All (nearby) Apts are identical B. We ask – How the quantity and price are determined in a given allocation mechanism – How to compare the allocations resulting from different allocation mechanisms II. Two principles of economics – Optimization principle: Each economic agent maximizes its objective (e.g. utility, profit, etc.) – Equilibrium principle: Economic agents’ actions must be consistent with each other III. Competitive market A. Demand – Tow consumers with a single-unit demand whose WTP’s are equal to r1 and r2 (r1 < r2 ) p r2 r1 1 2 – Many people 4 Q p p Q ...
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...BusinessIn conjunction with Edexcel | Edexcel BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Business | Assessment Information | Unit No & Name: | Unit 27: Health and Safety in the Workplace level 3 | Lecturers/Assessor Name: | Rachel Adedeji | Date Set: | w/c Sept 2014 | Assignment Name: | 1 of 2 Health and Safety in the Workplace | Submission Date: | w/c Nov 2014 | | | Edexcel Unit Code | H/502/5458 | Assessment Type: | Internal (Portfolio) | Unit Credit Value | 10 | Internal Standardisation | Assignment Brief | Assessments | Author: | Maxine Halford | Assessor 1 | | Internal Verifier: | | Assessor 2 | | Date: | Sept 2014 | Internal Verifier(s): | | Assessment Resources | Document/File | Name of Document/File | VLE | Network | Assignment Brief: | Unit 27: Health and Safety in the Workplace | | | Unit Specification: | See VLE or Edexcel.com\Qualifications | | | Feedback Header Sheet: | CF015 will be attached for formative and summative feedback | | | Learning Outcomes relevant to assignment linked to:- | 1 Understand how health and safety legislation and regulations affect a business working environment | 2 Know the requirements for healthy, safe and productive working conditions | 3 Understand the role and responsibilities of key personnel | | Level 3Unit 24: Aspects of Criminal Law Relating to Business (10)Unit 26: Managing Business Information (10) | Tasks | Task Submission Dates | Task 1 a-c P1Task 2 a-b M2Task 3 a-d P2Task...
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...BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary / Diploma, Business Studies Unit 2 – Business Resources Assignment 1 (P1, P2, M2) – Recruiting the Right Staff Scenario You are coming to the end of your BTEC course and you have been considering getting a job in the summer break before you start university. As well as earning some extra money, you are looking forward to the opportunity to develop your skills and put into practice the knowledge you have learnt on your BTEC course. Task one (P1 part) Research some jobs that you can apply for on job websites. You could look at www.monster.com or www.totaljobs.com. You need to find a job that you think you could apply for either now or at the end of year 13. You need to collect a job description, person specification and application form as evidence. (P1 part) Task two (P1, P2 M2) To show that you understand the relevance of these documents used in recruitment you need to complete an information sheet which analyses their contents (see attached for template). Your information sheet should 1. Describe the recruitment documentation used for the job you have chosen. What is a job description, what is a person specification and what is an application form? How are they used in business? (P1) 2. Identify the skills required on the job description. Describe how you have these skills or if you don’t have them, describe how you could develop them this year. (P2) 3. For each of the skills that you have already identified...
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...Unit 1: The business environment Help sheet 1.1.1 P1 Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting businesses To achieve P1, you must complete Task sheet 1.1.1, a case study, as well as Worksheets 1.1.1 to 1.1.4. You must also write a detailed presentation about two organisations. • You must ensure that the two organisations chosen are very different. For example, a large plc, such as Tesco, and a charity, such as Save the Children. This will make it easier to compare the environments. • It is a good idea to choose organisations that you are interested in, but that also have a large amount of information available. Therefore, spend some time researching a few organisations that might be of interest to see which one will make this task the easiest. • The same organisations will be used for tasks other than P1 so look ahead in the assignment to make sure the information you will need is available. • Once you have chosen your organisations, you need to research them in order to be able to identify the type of businesses they are. You must identify which scale they operate at and what sector they operate in. Make sure you give evidence and reasoning to back up your decisions. • The purpose and ownership of a business can often be seen on its website. However, you may find a phone interview very useful for collecting all the information you need. This can then be used as evidence. Remember to reference your work when necessary. ...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTERCORPORATE ACQUISITIONS AND INVESTMENTS IN OTHER ENTITIES ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Q1-1 Complex organizational structures often result when companies do business in a complex business environment. New subsidiaries or other entities may be formed for purposes such as extending operations into foreign countries, seeking to protect existing assets from risks associated with entry into new product lines, separating activities that fall under regulatory controls, and reducing taxes by separating certain types of operations. Q1-2 The split-off and spin-off result in the same reduction of reported assets and liabilities. Only the stockholders’ equity accounts of the company are different. The number of shares outstanding remains unchanged in the case of a spin-off and retained earnings or paid-in capital is reduced. Shares of the parent are exchanged for shares of the subsidiary in a split-off, thereby reducing the outstanding shares of the parent company. Q1-3 The management of Enron appears to have used special-purpose entities to avoid reporting debt on its balance sheet and to create fictional transactions that resulted in reported income. It also transferred bad loans and investments to special-purpose entities to avoid recognizing losses in...
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