...Fundamentals of Acoustics and Noise Unit 4 Frequency analysis, Frequency bands, Decibel scales, Descriptors for time varying noise levels Fundamentals of Acoustics and Noise: Unit 4 – Frequency Analysis, Decibel Scales, Special Descriptors 4-1 Contents Frequency Analysis of Sound Pressure Signals Constant Proportion Bandwidth Frequency Bands Constant Bandwidth Frequency Bands Decibel Scales Descriptors for Time Varying Noise Levels Equivalent Continuous Sound Level Sound Exposure Level Percentile Exceeded Sound Level 4-2 Fundamentals of Acoustics and Noise: Unit 4 – Frequency Analysis, Decibel Scales, Special Descriptors Frequency Analysis of Sound Pressure Signals A microphone is constructed to produce a voltage proportional to the sound pressure of interest. These voltage signals, which are functions of time, are referred to as sound pressure signals. It is necessary to have knowledge of the frequency composition of these signals. Fourier Series and the Fourier Transform can be used to mathematically relate functions in the time and frequency domains. The use of these relationships in the practical frequency analysis of signals will not be discussed in detail in this course. A less mathematical and more physical description of elementary frequency analysis is given in this section. The purpose of an elementary frequency analysis is to determine how the “strengths” of the components of the sound pressure are distributed as a function of frequency. Consider first...
Words: 4667 - Pages: 19
...direct response to the DB assignment. The main post can be the student's first post of the week or a subsequent post. b. Response Post - the student's replies to others in the class. Response posts are required to be relevant and substantive, to add something to the issue being discussed. It cannot be over-emphasized that all DB posts should help move the online discussion forward. c. Initial Post - the student's first post to the DB in the week. This post is an original substantive response to another student or to the Unit DB Forum. 2. The Online week begins on Monday and ends on Sunday. A minimum of three posts by each student are required each week: d. The main DB post. e. At least two (2) relevant and substantive response posts to others in the class. 3. Students are expected to make their initial DB post early in the week but not later than 11:59pm, CT, Wednesday before the designated due date for the assignment. f. The initial DB post can be the main post or any of the two required response posts as described in statement #2 above. g. The remaining two posts must be uploaded on any two separate days in the week. One of the two separate days can be the day the initial post is made. 4. Students are strongly encouraged to participate actively in the DB several days during the week. However, each student is expected to be on the DB a minimum of two separate days each week in accordance with statement #3 above. 5. All DB posts must be made...
Words: 854 - Pages: 4
...= n10 log( x ) Intensity Level In the last lesson, we defined the time average intensity in relation to the time average or rms pressure as well as the maximum acoustic pressure. p2 p2 I = = max 2ρc ρc The intensity is a useful quantity because it quantifies the power in an acoustic wave, but because of the large variation in magnitudes of Intensity, it is more useful to use logarithms to compare intensities. The below table demonstrates the wide variation in Intensity for typical sounds in air. We will start by defining a new quantity, L, the intensity level, which has units of dB. I L ≡ 10 log I0 where: is the time average intensity of the sound wave. I0 is the reference level used for comparison purposes. 3-1 Source Intensity (W/m2) Intensity Level (dB) Jet Plane 100 140 Pain Threshold 1 120 Siren 1x10-2 100 Busy Traffic 1x10-5 70 Conversation 3x10-6 65 Whisper 1x10-10 20 Rustle of leaves 1x10-11 10 Hearing Threshold 1x10-12 1 The reference intensity in air is typically 1 x 10-12 W/m2. Using this simple...
Words: 2480 - Pages: 10
...middle column, and provide your final answer in the right hand column. NEATNESS COUNTS. You must work in pencil, not pen. Must include units of measure in your answer!!! If no units, or incorrect units, points will be deducted. ProblemNo. | Your Solution | Final Answer (Restate Your Final Answer Here) | 1 | The upper critical frequency of an op-amp’s open-loop response is 200 Hz. If the midrange gain is 175,000 what is: (a) ideal gain at 200 Hz? (b) the actual gain? (c) The op-amps open loop bandwidth? | (a)____________(b)____________(c)____________ | 2 | Determine the attenuation of an RC lag network with fc = 12 kHz for each of the following frequencies. (a) 1 kHz (b) 5 kHz (c) 12 kHz (d) 20 kHz (e) 100 kHz | (a)____________(b)____________(c)____________(d)____________(e)____________ | 3 | Determine the phase shift through the network at a frequency of 2 kHz: | | 4 | Determine the phase shift through the network at a frequency of 2 kHz: | | 5 | Determine the phase shift through the network at a frequency of 2 kHz: | | 6 | A certain op-amp has three internal amplifier stages with midrange gains of 30dB, 40dB, and 20dB. Each stage also has a critical frequency associated with it as follows: fc1= 600Hz, fc2 =50kHz, and fc3 = 200kHz. (a) What is the midrange open-loop gain of the op-amp, expressed in dB? (b) What is the total phase shift through the amplifier, including inversion, when the signal is 10 kHz? | | 7 | A certain amplifier...
Words: 484 - Pages: 2
...the use of the PXL-510 controller in connection with the NetworX1 NX-8E Alarm Panel, please refer to the NetworX NX-8E Alarm Panel Application Note (P/N 01919-001). For information regarding a Time and Attendance Terminal, please refer to the Time and Attendance Terminal Application Note (P/N 01943-001). NOTE: It is the responsibility of the installation organization to have only technically qualified personnel performing the installation. NOTE: All references to the PXL-500 may be applied to the Time and Attendance Terminal. Figure 1: The PXL-500/PXL-510 Controller 1. NetworX is a trademark of GE Interlogix. Page 1 of 24 P/N: 01918-001 Rev. A PXL-500 / PXL-510 Tiger Controller Quick Start Guide 1.0 Specifications Unit Dimensions • PXL-500/PXL-510 controller PCB - 6.75 inches high by 6.00 inches wide by 1.75 inches deep, including wiring connectors - (17.15 cm by 15.25 cm by 4.45 cm) • PXL-500/PXL-510 controller PCB with an LCD-1 Alpha/Numeric Display - 7.70 inches high by 6.00 inches wide by 1.75 inches deep, including wiring connectors - (19.60 cm by 15.25 cm by 4.45 cm) • PXL-500/PXL-510 controller PCB with an SB-593 Satellite Board (with or without an LCD-1 Alpha/Numeric Display) - 7.25 inches high by 6.00 inches wide by 1.75 inches deep, including wiring connectors - (18.45 cm by 15.25 cm by 4.45 cm) • Enclosure - 13 inches high by 9 inches wide by 4 inches deep - (33.02 cm by 22.86 cm by 10.16 cm) Operating Temperature/Humidity Range • 0°F to 140°F...
Words: 6468 - Pages: 26
...(Vice President – Institutional Banking Group, Development Bank of Singapore (DBS), Bangalore) Presented by Aditya Shetty Roll No. 258 MBA-Core Div C NMIMS 03-June-2011 Preface This project report has been prepared as part of the Summer Internship Program of the MBA-Core course curriculum at Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Mumbai. This is in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the MBA programme. The report focuses on the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) segment of borrowers. SME market is the growing and upcoming sector in the banking industry. This encourages entrepreneurs to develop their company from small sized to the future big corporate. The basic aim of the project is an understanding of the SME market in Bangalore and designing a strategy for Development Bank of Singapore (DBS) to enter this segment. This subject was chosen since the subject is a new& developing field for the foreign banks and private banks. SME products help in understanding the various funding & non funding based lending mechanisms. This project will help me understand various means of understanding the various lending mechanisms used by banks. This understanding of SME business will help in the future to know more about the banking industry. Bangalore Aditya Shetty 03-June-2011 Acknowledgement I am thankful to Development Bank of Singapore (DBS) Bank to give me an opportunity to carry out my summer internship project here...
Words: 11564 - Pages: 47
...Introduction: A network which freely passes desired band of frequencies while almost suppress other band of frequencies is called filter. This type of network was first examined by G.A Campbell and O.J Zobel of bell telephone laboratories. Filters are networks that process signals in a frequency-dependent manner. The basic concept of a filter can be explained by examining the frequency dependent nature of the impedance of capacitors and inductors. In filters, attenuation changes suddenly as the frequency is varied. Thus, filters have ability to discriminate between signals which differ in frequency. Filters are widely employed in signal processing and communication systems in applications such as channel equalization, noise reduction, radar, audio processing, video processing, biomedical signal processing, and analysis of economic and financial data. For example in a radio receiver band-pass filters, or tuners, are used to extract the signals from a radio channel. In an audio graphic equalizer the input signal is filtered into a number of sub-band signals and the gain for each sub-band can be varied manually with a set of controls to change the perceived audio sensation. In a Dolby system pre-filtering and post filtering are used to minimize the effect of noise. In hi-fi audio a compensating filter may be included in the preamplifier to compensate for the non-ideal frequency-response characteristics of the speakers. Filters are also used to create perceptual audio-visual effects...
Words: 2561 - Pages: 11
...The Discussion Board (DB) is part of the core of online learning. Classroom discussion in an online environment requires the active participation of students and the instructor to create robust interaction and dialogue. Every student is expected to create an original response to the open-ended DB question as well as engage in dialogue by responding to posts created by others throughout the week. At the end of each unit, DB participation will be assessed based on both level of engagement and the quality of the contribution to the discussion. At a minimum, each student will be expected to post an original and thoughtful response to the DB question and contribute to the weekly dialogue by responding to at least two other posts from students. The first contribution must be posted before midnight (Central Time) on Wednesday of each week. Two additional responses are required after Wednesday of each week. Students are highly encouraged to engage on the Discussion Board early and often, as that is the primary way the university tracks class attendance and participation. The purpose of the Discussion Board is to allow students to learn through sharing ideas and experiences as they relate to course content and the DB question. Because it is not possible to engage in two-way dialogue after a conversation has ended, no posts to the DB will be accepted after the end of each unit. Consider the following scenario: Lucy Shafer wants to borrow $100,000 to expand her dog-breeding...
Words: 843 - Pages: 4
...41 Manhole Flotation Introduction The proper functioning of a sewer system is dependent to a large degree on the performance of its appurtenances, and especially its manholes. As with many buried structures, the proper design of manholes should take into account the effect of the water table and its specific effect on installation and operating conditions. Figure 1 Manhole Installations Cross Section of Extended Base Manhole Installation The Buoyancy Concept From a fluid dynamics standpoint, the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of fluid which that object displaces. In the case of a buried structure or manhole, this concept is applicable when a high ground water table or other subaqueous condition exists. As with the design of buried pipe, flotation should be checked when conditions such as the use of flooding to consolidate backfill, flood planes or future man-made drainage changes are anticipated. Extended Base Cross Section of Smoothwall Manhole Installation Manhole Buoyancy Analysis Vertical manhole structures of two types (Figure 1) are generally constructed, and each type should be considered when analyzing the flotation potential. The first case to be considered is a structure in which the base does not extend past the walls of the manhole. This structure will be called a smooth-wall manhole installation. Smooth-wall manholes utilize the weight of the structure itself and the downward frictional resistance of the soil surrounding...
Words: 4294 - Pages: 18
...Advance Operation Research Assignment Multi Period Optimization Models In Airline Overbooking 1/31/2012 Submitted by: 1) Alka Tripathy (06) 2) Anil Pooniya (11) 3) Arunima Singh (18) 4) Ashutosh Tripathi (23) 5) Ashwin Salpekar (24) The overbooking model considers the lost revenue due to cancellations and no-shows that will result in flying with empty seats, and the loss of good will and compensation cost due to excess number of show-ups than the available capacity. The overbooking problem is generally classified as static and dynamic based on the assumptions. Though the dynamic overbooking problem treats the overbooking problem in its realistic nature by taking into consideration the dynamic nature of cancellation over a period of time, it is not used by many airlines due to its mathematical intractability for a real world data. The static overbooking, which many airline use, simplifies the nature of the problem to make it mathematically tractable for real world data and daily use. However, many of the static overbooking models are modeled for a single class problem and did not include the loss of good will cost, and uses simplified form of the compensation cost in the development of the model. Furthermore, the commercial RM models are constructed based on the assumption that the demand distribution is simply the product of the show-up rate and Overbooking limit, which is not the case when evaluated both on a theoretical and practical basis...
Words: 2617 - Pages: 11
...Unit 9 Final Project 1. A. For someone DB age, weight and activity level her intake is really high compared to what is recommended for someone that is the same age, weight and with a sedentary activity level. Her overall calorie intake is roughly 3,268. The recommended calorie intake is 1,799. Based on the recommendations from fitday.com her sodium intake is extremely high. The RDA is 1500mg. DB ‘s intake is 6958.1mg. DB is also above the RDA intake of protein and carbohydrates. The only categories she was under the RDA was in her dietary fiber intake. The RDA is 25g of dietary fiber. DB’s intake is on 14.7g. Below is DB 24 hour recall that was completed on fitday.com. B. NAME AMOUNT UNIT CALS FAT(G) CARBS(G) PROT(G) Coffee, presweetened with sugar 1 coffee cup (6 fl oz) 29 0 7 0 Chicken, fried, no coating, skin eaten 2 medium piece (yield after cooking, bone removed) 322 19 0 35 Biscuit, baking powder or buttermilk type 1 biscuit (3" dia) 220 9 29 4 Fast foods, coleslaw 1 cup 195 15 17 2 Tea, presweetened with sugar 12 fl oz 72 0 19 0 Fast foods, potato, mashed 1 cup 199 3 39 6 Gravy, brown, dry 1 tbsp 22 1 4 1 Pie, apple, one crust 1 piece (1/8 of 9" dia) 363 14 59 3 SNICKERS Bar 1 bar (2 oz) 271 14 35 4 Pasta with meat sauce 2 cup 630 26 60 41 Bread, garlic, toasted 1 medium slice 98 3 14 3 Cheese, parmesan, shredded 1 tbsp 21 1 0 2 Soft drink, cola type, reduced sugar 1 can (12 fl oz) 71 0 18 0 Ice cream,...
Words: 513 - Pages: 3
...the first four hours of power data (i.e. over the first five data entries) by hand to verify your code; submit this working in a pdf file. Your MATLAB code must test (verify) whether the computed value of energy is the same as calculated by hand. 1.3 Assessment Criteria Your code will be assessed using the following scheme. Note that you are marked based on how well you perform for each category, so the correct answer determined in a basic way will receive half marks and the correct answer determined using an excellent method/code will receive full marks. Quality of the code 5 marks Quality of header(s) and comments 5 marks Quality of calculation of the energy for each year 15 marks Quality of reporting 5 marks Quality of discussion 5 marks Quality of verification based on hand calculations 5 marks 2 (worth 65 marks) 2.1 Introduction For the wind turbines to operate effectively, they must turn to face into the wind. This could create large stresses in the...
Words: 2360 - Pages: 10
...- |NAME OF STUDENT | | |REGISTRATION NO | | |UNIT TITLE |Unit 10: Financial Reporting | |ASSIGNMENT TITLE |Group Assignment | |ASSIGNMENT NO |2 of 2 | |NAME OF ASSESSOR |Nguyen Phuong Hoa | |SUBMISSION DEADLINE |June 18, 2010 | We hereby confirm that this assignment is our own work and not copied or plagiarized from any source. We have referenced the sources from which information is obtained by us for this assignment. |NAME OF THE STUDENT |REGISTRATION NUMBER |SIGNATURE | | Chu Trong Hiep | 4083 | | | Bui Tuan Minh | ...
Words: 5112 - Pages: 21
...the first four hours of power data (i.e. over the first five data entries) by hand to verify your code; submit this working in a pdf file. Your MATLAB code must test (verify) whether the computed value of energy is the same as calculated by hand. 1.3 Assessment Criteria Your code will be assessed using the following scheme. Note that you are marked based on how well you perform for each category, so the correct answer determined in a basic way will receive half marks and the correct answer determined using an excellent method/code will receive full marks. Quality of the code 5 marks Quality of header(s) and comments 5 marks Quality of calculation of the energy for each year 15 marks Quality of reporting 5 marks Quality of discussion 5 marks Quality of verification based on hand calculations 5 marks 2 (worth 65 marks) 2.1 Introduction For the wind turbines to operate effectively, they must turn to face into the wind. This could create large stresses in the...
Words: 2360 - Pages: 10
...OpenLGU - Software Requirements Specification for ASSESSMENT REPORT Version 1.4 Prepared by Group Name: 204 Maria Kristina Dina Hazel Gatmaitan 2008-34358 2009-61185 mkristinadina@gmail.com hazelgatmaitan4science@gmail.com Lab Section: Lab Instructor: Date: AB-5L Andrel Del Rosario January 11, 2012, Wednesday Software Requirements Specification for Assessment Page ii Contents IN THIS TEMPLATE YOU WILL FIND TEXT BOUNDED BY THE “” SYMBOLS. THIS TEXT APPEARS IN ITALICS AND IS INTENDED TO GUIDE YOU THROUGH THE TEMPLATE AND PROVIDE EXPLANATIONS REGARDING THE DIFFERENT SECTIONS IN THIS DOCUMENT. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF COMMENTS IN THIS DOCUMENT. THESE COMMENTS THAT ARE IN BLACK ARE INTENDED SPECIFICALLY FOR CMSC128. THESE COMMENTS THAT ARE IN BLUE ARE MORE GENERAL AND APPLY TO ANY SRS. PLEASE, MAKE SURE TO DELETE ALL OF THE COMMENTS BEFORE SUBMITTING THE DOCUMENT. .................................................................................................................................III THE EXPLANATIONS PROVIDED BELOW, DO NOT COVER ALL OF THE MATERIAL, BUT MERELY, THE GENERAL NATURE OF THE INFORMATION YOU WOULD USUALLY FIND IN SRS DOCUMENTS. IT IS BASED ON THE IEEE REQUIREMENTS AND WAS ADAPTED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE NEEDS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING COURSES. MOST OF THE SECTIONS IN THIS TEMPLATE ARE REQUIRED SECTIONS, I.E. YOU MUST INCLUDE THEM IN YOUR VERSION OF THE DOCUMENT. FAILURE TO DO SO WILL RESULT IN MARKS DEDUCTIONS. OPTIONAL SECTIONS WILL BE EXPLICITLY...
Words: 2799 - Pages: 12