Unit 5 Individual Project
Name:
Date: 3/16/14 Part 1. There are 9 animals in nine different Phyla. Be sure to look at every page. Animal Phylum Dichotomous Key (steps) Classification
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Cnidaria 1b,2a,3a,4b Scyphozoa
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Mollusca 1b,2b,6a,7b,11a,12b,13a Gastropoda
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Annelida 1b,2b,6a,7a,8b,9a Secernentea
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Arthropoda 1b,2b,6a,7b,11b,14b,15b Insecta
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Porifera 1a Demospongiae
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Echinodermata 1b,2a,3b,5a Asteroidea
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Chordata 1b,2b,6b,16b,18b,19b,20a Aves
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Image Rights: Allen G.
Collins and the UC Museum of Paleontology Platyhelminthes 1b,2b,6a,7a,8b,9b,10a Turbellaria
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Image Rights: Courtesy of University of Minnesota Nematoda 1b,2b,6a,7a,8b,9a Secernentea

Part 2: Answer the following questions as they relate to the nine phyla in the assignment table. (Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.)
1. Which phyla lack organs? What type of symmetry do they have? Porifera is a phyla which lacks organs Myers, P (2001). Cnidaria are also phylum that lack organs. The type of symmetry that Porifera have is asymmetry, which means they have no symmetry. The type of symmetry that Cnidaria have is a radical symmetry.

2. List all of the phyla that show cephalization. Nematoda show cephalization. Arthropoda show cephalization. Platyhelminthes show cephalization. Annelida show cephalization. Mollusca show cephalization and Chordata also show cephalization.

3. Do all organisms on the table have 3 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm)? If not, which phyla have fewer than three germ layers? No, Porifera has no true germ layers, but have two cell layers called Pinacocytes which is the outer layer and Chaonocytes which is the inner layer. Cnidaria has two germ layer called endoderm and ectoderm.

4. One phylum on the table has more species than all the others. State the name of this phylum, and provide several different examples of species found in this phylum. Arthropoda has the most species out of all the phylum listed above. Arthropoda has more than one million species which is about 90% of animals mcb.berkeley.edu (N.D.) Here are some examples of the species found in Arthropoda: centipedes, millipedes, termites, dragonflies, sea spiders, and horseshoe crabs etc. Margulis and Schwartz, (1988).

5. Fish do not all have the same skeletal structure. Describe the differences among fish from the most primitive to more advanced types of fish. The most primitive fish is Agnatha Editorial Board (2014). Agnatha have no jaws, but have large mouths for feeding, and they are found in both fresh and salt water Editorial Board (2014). Examples of this type of fish is lampreys and hagfish. Next we have Chondrichthyes. Chondrichthyes doesn’t have bone skeletons, but have flexible yet strong substance called cartilage, with a loosely attached jaw and sharp teeth that they use to attack their prey and defend themselves. Editorial Board (2014). Examples of this class is skates, rays, and sharks. Lastly we have Osteichthyes. Osteichthyes or bony fish are made up of bone skeletons, they are the only species in it class to have a special organ called swim bladder. Swim bladders allows them to control buoyancy. They have muscular fins, many teeth, and excellent smell and have acute eyesight Fernbank Science Center (N.D.). They have over 20,000 species, so they are the largest class of vertebrates Fernbank Science Center (N.D.). Examples of Osteichthyes is Trout, Shortnose Sturgeon, Bowfin, Bass, and American Eel and much more Smithsonian Institution (2000 - 2011).

6. Describe the three types of mammals based on how their young develop. First type is Monotremes. Monotremes, the most primitive of mammals includes duck- billed platypus and the spiny anteater. Monotremes have hair and produce milk, but doesn’t have live young’s. They lay eggs instead, much like birds and reptiles. They do feed their young with milk, but not from their nibbles, they feed through their skin. Second type is Marsupials. Marsupials give birth to live young’s. Marsupials includes wallabies, kangaroos, and opossums, their young’s are born very early and complete their development in their mother’s external pouch. The nibbles are located inside the mother’s pouch on her abdomen where the young wiggle its way through the hair to suck them. They young stay’s there until it’s a fully developed young Marsupials and leave for longer periods, but even then they still return for protection, milk, and comfort. Third type of mammal is placental. Placental grows their young inside the uterus, where oxygen and nutrients is provided through the mother’s blood supply. The placental mammals gives birth to live young’s and when the young’s are born they are ready to live outside the mother. Example of this would be humans, cats, dogs, and monkeys. References
Myers, P (2001). Retrieved from http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Porifera/ Margulis and Schwartz, (1988). Retrieved from http://species-identification.org/species.php?species_group=copepods&id=2&menuentry=groepen mcb.berkeley.edu (N.D.) Retrieved from http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/bio1a/downloads/Animal_Phylum_poster.pdf Editorial Board (2014). Retrieved from http://wow.coursesmart.com/9781934920602/?CSTenantKey=aiuniv&spid= Fernbank Science Center (N.D.) Retrieved from http://fsc.fernbank.edu/STT/VertBio/osteichthyes.htm Smithsonian Institution (2000 - 2011), Retrieved from
http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Cl_Osteic.htm