...DEA Tutorial Abstract Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming based technique for measuring the relative performance of organisational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparisons difficult. This tutorial paper introduces the technique and uses an example to show how relative efficiencies can be determined and targets for inefficient units set. The paper also considers a number of practical issues of concern in applying the technique. Introduction There is an increasing concern with measuring and comparing the efficiency of organisational units such as local authority departments, schools, hospitals, shops, bank branches and similar instances where there is a relatively homogeneous set of units. The usual measure of efficiency, i.e.: [pic] is often inadequate due to the existence of multiple inputs and outputs related to different resources, activities and environmental factors. This problem can be illustrated for depots of a large retailing organisation which distributes goods to supermarkets. In this case the inputs for an efficiency measure are taken to be the value of the stock and the recurrent costs mainly in the form of wages, as those are resources supporting the operation of the depots. Stock is reasonably an input to an efficiency measure as an efficient depot will attempt to give a good service at lower stock levels, saving on capital and space. The outputs correspond to activities of the depots and are measured by...
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...| |Unit 2: |Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care | | | | |Learner Name: | | |Issue Date: |Completion Date: | |6TH September 2012 |18TH October 2012 | |Checklist: | |Task: | |Task 1: P1 | |Task 2: P2 | |Task 3: P3 | |Task 4: M1 | |Task 5: ...
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...BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in Science Student Name: | | | | | | | | Date Submitted: | | | | Unit: | 18 – | | | | | | | I certify that the attached work is original and my own:…………………………………………… Student Signature | | | Assessment Title: | Genetics & Genetic Engineering | | | | | | | | | Lecturer: | | | | | | | | | IV Name | M. Silverwood | | | | | | | | IV date: | 3/2/13 | Assessment Criteria: | Task (criteria) Completed:- P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 | M1 | M2 | | M3 | | M4 | | D1 | D2 | | | | D3 | | | Guidance for this Assignment : | Date set: Task 1 27/1/14 | Date set: Task 2 10/2/14 | Date set: Task 3 24/2/14 | Date set: Task 4 10/3/14 | Remember! | * Your attention is drawn to the comments made in the Course Handbook with regard to both the completion and submission of work * Assessment deadlines must be met * Any student found guilty of cheating or plagiarism may be withdrawn from the unit at the discretion of the Assessment Board. | Internal verification: | Date: | | Name | | | | Signature | | Aim and purpose:-To develop understanding of the principles of Mendelian genetics and to develop knowledge and practical techniques used in commercial, analytical and research laboratories | | GRADING CRITERIA To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: | To achieve...
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...BTEC Level 3 Subsidiary / Diploma, Business Studies Unit 2 – Business Resources Assignment 1 (P1, P2, M2) – Recruiting the Right Staff Scenario You are coming to the end of your BTEC course and you have been considering getting a job in the summer break before you start university. As well as earning some extra money, you are looking forward to the opportunity to develop your skills and put into practice the knowledge you have learnt on your BTEC course. Task one (P1 part) Research some jobs that you can apply for on job websites. You could look at www.monster.com or www.totaljobs.com. You need to find a job that you think you could apply for either now or at the end of year 13. You need to collect a job description, person specification and application form as evidence. (P1 part) Task two (P1, P2 M2) To show that you understand the relevance of these documents used in recruitment you need to complete an information sheet which analyses their contents (see attached for template). Your information sheet should 1. Describe the recruitment documentation used for the job you have chosen. What is a job description, what is a person specification and what is an application form? How are they used in business? (P1) 2. Identify the skills required on the job description. Describe how you have these skills or if you don’t have them, describe how you could develop them this year. (P2) 3. For each of the skills that you have already identified...
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... R = Research E = Extension for Stretch and support NS = Non-supervised individual study time Week 1 Non-supervised individual study time and research: 40 hours Outcome Content Learner activity Resources Assessment and PLTS LO1: Know the range of different businesses and their ownership Introduction to unit and the structure of the programme Introduction to LO1 Range of different businesses: local; national; international; global; public; private; not-for-profit/voluntary; sectors of business activity (primary, secondary and tertiary) Business purposes: supply of products or services; difference between profit and not-for profit organisations Set up file for new unit Reflective questions AS1 Business types and ownership, Task 1; as individual or pair activity SB activities: • Starter stimulus • Tony and Guy • Aresenal • VSO • Primary, secondary and tertiary businesses Sample assignment brief Task 1.1 for P1; learners should spend the session time and NS time on this activity SB activities: • Poundland AS1 Business types and ownership SB Sample assignment brief Task 1.1 Stretch and support Assessment P1 PLTS RL BTEC National Business © Pearson Education Ltd 2010. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. BTEC National Business Unit 1 The business environment Unit 1 The business environment Scheme of work 5 3 4 5 Content...
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...CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS BUSINESS COMMUNICATION H/502/5413 LEVEL 3 UNIT 6 GUIDED LEARNING HOURS: 60 UNIT CREDIT VALUE: 10 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION H/502/5413 LEVEL 3 UNIT 6 AIM OF THE UNIT Effective communication is a key area in terms of its contribution to business success. When studying this unit learners will gain a thorough understanding of the types of business information used both internally and externally by organisations and the methods used to communicate information to different audiences. In this unit, learners will have the opportunity to develop, analyse and evaluate a range of methods used to communicate different types of business information and will understand the purpose of such communication. They will also produce and evaluate different types of business communication of their own. www.ocr.org.uk 2 Business Communication Level 3 Unit 6 ASSESSMENT AND GRADING CRITERIA Learning Outcome (LO) Pass Merit 1 Understand different types of business information P1 explain different types of business information, their sources and purposes 2 Be able to present business information effectively P2 present complex internal business information using three different methods appropriate to the user’s needs The assessment criteria are To achieve a merit the the pass requirements for evidence must show that, this unit. in addition to the pass criteria, the learner is able to:...
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...Course Title | BTEC National Health & Social Care | Unit Title | Anatomy and Physiology for health & social care | Level | 3 | Unit Number | 5 | Unit Credit | 10 | Assignment Title | Anatomy and Physiology for health & social care | Part Unit | | Whole Unit | Yes | Assessor | Shanroy Dehaney | Start Date | 20/05/15 | Submission Date | 10/06/15 | Feedback Date | 17/05/15 | Vocational Context | Task 1 - 3 (P1,P2,P3)You are working in a health clinic and have been asked to produce a poster to explain the functions of the main cell, tissue and body components to display in the clinic. Task 4 (P4,M1,D1)You are an advisor in your local sports centre and you have been asked to design and produce an information booklet to explain to clients how the body requires and utilises energy. This should include:Produce a written report on the body’s response to exercise. The report will be based on primary and secondary research. The report will include:Task 5 (P5,M2,D2) 1. An explanation of the concept of homeostasis and its role in exercise and healthy functioning of the body. 2. Measurements collected from practical work involving physical activity and your interpretation of them together with comments on the validity of the data collected.Task 6 (P6)Complete exercise programme and complete data form and graphs sheets | The Brief | Task 1 (P1)Using a large piece of paper, produce an annotated poster of a cell as it is seen under the microscope. You...
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...Unit Aims This unit aims to develop learners’ understanding of the purpose of research in the health and social care sectors. Learners will be able to explore different research methodologies, enable them to plan and conduct their own research relating to a health or social care issue and evaluate the success of the outcomes. Unit Objectives 1 Understand the function of research in health and social care 2 Understand ethical issues relating to research in health and social care 3 Understand research methodologies relevant to health and social care 4 Be able to plan for a research project 5 Be able to conduct research relevant to a health and social care context 6 Be able to interpret research findings WHAT IS RESEARCH? Research is a planned process in which information is collected systematically for a specific purpose, analysed and reported. Research can have many different functions in health and social care. Functions of Research In pairs read through the following study and discuss the function(s) that the research can be used for. Aim: Hofling (1966) aimed to discover whether nurses would comply with an instruction which would involve them having to infringe both hospital regulations & medical ethics. The intention was to test the strength of the doctor-nurse relationship, regarding how far a nurse would go to comply with doctor’s orders against their own code of professional conduct. Procedure: ...
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...Cloud computing is a new area of research currently being studied [1]. Basically it’s not a technology it’s a computing model. We can also define Cloud computing as both the applications delivered as services over the internet and the hardware and system software in the data centers that provide those services [2]. OR type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources [3].Cloud computing purely relies on the fact that sharing computing resources rather to have applications on local servers or devices if resources are not equally distributed then this will result in resource wastage. The cloud computing platform guarantees subscribers that it sticks to the service level agreement (SLA) by providing resources as service and by needs based on the broker policy[4]. So in order to get maximum benefit from cloud computing there is need to dynamically balance the load among servers and improve utilization of resources. There are still some areas that are needed to be focused on in cloud computing. Resource Management Task Scheduling The task scheduling goals of Cloud computing is provide optimal tasks scheduling for users, and provide the entire cloud system throughput and QoS at the same time. Scheduling is the process of allocating tasks to available resources on the basis of tasks need [5].The main purpose for scheduling is to...
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...Unit 1 Government Policies and the Public Services [pic] Assessment Book (Credits 10) | |Eddie Maylor | |Student Name | | |Start of Unit Date |24 September 2012 | |Completion of Unit Date | | | |Unit Tutor: James McQueen | |Group / Course |Diploma in public services | Learning Outcomes • Know the different levels of government I the UK • Understand the democratic election process for each level of government in the UK • Understand the impact of UK government policies on the public services • Be able to demonstrate how government policies are developed Unit Criteria Passed |Pass |1 |2 |3 | | | | ...
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...OCR Cambridge TECHNICALS Unit 1 Communication and Employment Skills Copyright Notice All material is Copyright ICT Interactive unless otherw ise stated. Each w orksheet can be photocopied w ithin the purchasing institute as long as they remain at the institute w hich made the initial purchase. No f orm of this resource can be transmitted electronically, digitally, mechanically, paper based, or otherw ise outside the purchasing institute w ithout prior permission of the publisher or author. Microsof t Window s, Window s NT, Vista, XP, Seven/Eight, Off ice 2003, Off ice 2007/2010 and/or other Microsof t's products ref erenced are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsof t. Macromedia/Adobe and/or other such Adobe products ref erenced are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe. Dis claimer This resource has been created f or educational purposes only. The publisher or author has tried their very best to ensure that the resource pack is accurate and up -to-date. How ever, the publisher or author takes no responsibility if any of the inf or mation content is inaccurate or incorrect that may contradict or mislead in anyw ay at the time w hen the resource w as published. The publisher and author specif ically disclaim any responsibility f or any liability, loss, or risk, personal or otherw ise, w hich is incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this resource. For purposes...
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...5 Cost Allocation and Activity-Based Costing Systems L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S After studying this chapter, you will be able to 1. Explain the major purposes for allocating costs. 2. Explain the relationship between activities, resources, costs, and cost drivers. 3. Use recommended guidelines to charge the variable and fixed costs of service departments to other organizational units. 4. Identify methods for allocating the central costs of an organization. 5. Use the direct, step-down, and reciprocal allocation methods to allocate service department costs to user departments. 6. Describe the general approach to allocating costs to products or services. 7. Use the physical units and relative-sales-value methods to allocate joint costs to products. 8. Use activity-based costing to allocate costs to products or services. 9. Identify the steps involved in the design and implementation of activity-based costing systems. 10. Calculate activity-based costs for cost objects. 11. Explain why activity-based costing systems are being adopted. 12. Explain how just-in-time systems can reduce non-value-added activities Cost Accounting System. The techniques used to determine the cost of a product or service by collecting and classifying costs and assigning them to cost objects. A university’s computer is used for teaching and for government-funded research. How much of its cost should be assigned to each task? A city creates a special police unit to investigate a series...
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...Unit 5: Business Accounting Unit code: M/502/5415 QCF Level 3: BTEC National Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose The aim of this unit is to enable learners to understand the purpose of accounting, and the associated processes and its role in the managing of a business. Learners will develop the skills and knowledge needed to understand financial information. Unit introduction Understanding how a business operates and what makes it successful, requires knowledge of the accounting process. Accounting involves recording business transactions and, this in turn, leads to the generation of financial information which can be used as the basis of good financial control and planning. Inadequate record keeping and a lack of effective planning ultimately lead to poor financial results. It is vital that owners and managers of businesses recognise the indications of potential difficulties. Remedial action can then be taken. The unit is divided into two parts. The first develops an understanding of the accounting processes necessary to provide accurate and relevant financial information. The second part covers the practical aspect of carrying out those accounting activities. Learners will be introduced to accounting terminology as they study the purpose and function of accounting and consider the various categories of business income and expenditure. It is important to know the sources of an organisation’s income and the nature...
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...translate the CISC instructions into RISC style micro-operations (eg: uops of Intel and ROPS of AMD). The use of the uops (or ROPS) allows the use of RISC-style execution cores, and use of various micro-architectural techniques that can be easily implemented in RISC cores. This can easily allow CISC processors to approach RISC performance. However, CISC ISAs do have the additional burden of translating instructions to micro-operations. In a 1991 study between VAX and MIPS, Bhandarkar and Clark showed that after canceling out the code size advantage of CISC and the CPI advantage of RISC, the MIPS processor had an average 2.7x advantage over the studied CISC processor (VAX). A 1997 study on Alpha 21064 and the Intel Pentium Pro still showed 5% to 200% advantage for RISC for various SPEC CPU95 programs. A decade later and after introduction of interesting techniques such as fusion of micro-operations in the x86, we set off to compare a recent RISC and a recent CISC processor, the IBM POWER5+ and the Intel Woodcrest. We find that the SPEC CPU2006 programs are divided between those showing an advantage on POWER5+ or Woodcrest, narrowing down the 2.7x advantage to nearly 1.0. Our study points to the fact that if aggressive micro-architectural techniques for ILP and high performance can be carefully applied, a CISC ISA can be implemented to yield similar performance as RISC processors. Another interesting observation is that approximately 40% of all work done on the...
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...[pic] TERM PAPER COURSE NAME: CSE COURSE CODE: CSE101 TOPIC: Mobile service database provider DOS: 20-11-2010 Submitted To: Submitted By: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful to Almighty for giving me the strength to successfully conduct my term paper and for sustaining my efforts which many a times did oscillate. I am deeply indebted to mam, our CSE faculty without whose constructive guidance this term paper would not have been a success. Her valuable advice and suggestions for the corrections, modifications and improvement did enhance the perfection in performing my job well. I am obliged LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY for providing the best of facilities and environment to bring out our innovation and spirit of inquiry through this venture. I am grateful to My Parents whose blessings and wishes have gone a long way in the completion of this arduous task. Last but not the least I thank all My Friends and Batch Mates, without their prompt support my efforts would have been in vain. CONTENTS 1. Introduction of C 2. Mobile services present scenario 3. Model of mobile computing 4. Benefits of the Mobile Web For Mobile Service Provider: 5. Routing and Query Processing 6.Description of mobile service provider 7. Disconnectivity and consistency 8. Coding 9. Snapshot 10...
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