...Card Security Code The card security code is different for different kinds of cards even the name of the card security code differs, the merchants should maintain a list of the possible patterns of the card security code and verify the identity of the consumer by checking if the security code pattern matches with the original pattern. Verified by VISA and MasterCard secure code VISA and Master card developed a software which helps in identifying the cards issued by them, here the user needs to enter a password created by him at the time of registering for the service. This helps in understanding if the card is legit as it was registered by the card issuers. These are few security solutions which need to be taken up by the merchants or by the consumers which help in reducing the risk of fraud to take place. Considering the risk there are only a limited number of mobile POS systems that accept card-not-present transactions. The number of mobile payment processors which accept CNP are very few they are Payleven, PayPal Here, Square, WorldPay Zinc and Intuit GoPayment these payment processors accept CNP transactions and consider it keyed transactions, but the charge is much higher than all regular transactions. IZettle is one payment processor which accepts manual, keyed transactions but under the condition where the card and cardholder are present which in turn means that CNP transactions are not accepted. 10.2 BEST PRACTICES TO BE FOLLOWED IN MAKING A CNP PAYMENTS The CNP transactions...
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...Dignity in dying Dignity in Dying is the leading organisation campaigning for your rights at the end of life. With lots of supports they are working to change the law to allow assisted dying for terminally ill, mentally competent adults who are suffering. They campaign is to change the law on assisted dying by lobbying Parliament, informing legal and healthcare professionals, and empowering dying adults and their loved ones to make their voices heard on the need for change. Alongside with their campaigning worker, their partner charity Compassion in Dying undertakes research on end of- life care, provides free Advance Decisions and gives people up-to-date information about their existing rights at the end of life. They are independent of any political, religious or other organisation and are funded entirely by members of the public. Friends of the earth The Friends of the Earth has achieved widespread success on both a national and international level. The Friends of the Earth have also been very successful on a local level. The Friends of the Earth organization has also allowed individuals to be very successful in their communities by offering them the organizational support to become successful. One of the Friends of the Earth organizations most successful achievements was their work toward confirming the nature of genetically engineered corn. The Friends of the Earth organization conducted various research and lab tests that proved that genetically engineered corn that...
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...Unit 9 – P1 Values – are beliefs that are shared by cultures or a group of individuals, they are guidelines on how one should lead their life. Business dictionary http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/values.html [30/09/14] Principles – are norms, values and mores that represent an individual or communities they help you know to morals. They also serve as policies and objectives in government. For example, a principle is having concern for the wellbeing of others. Business dictionary http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/principles.html [30/09/14] Socialisation comes in two forms: primary and secondary. Primary socialisation starts at birth and finishes by the time the child reaches school. For instance, learning to crawl, walk and talk are all taken place during this period, we also learn about the norms in society like manners and how to behave in public . This learning only occurs in the family. Secondary socialisation begins after the age of five until death, this only occurs outside of the family. An example of secondary socialisation is learning to drive. As we get older it takes us longer to learn and understand things, and we learn thing through agents of socialisation. We are controlled in ways; this is called agents of socialisation. This comes in four forms: school, family, peer groups and the media. The family is the most important form as it’s from them we learn about our gender roles, language, habits and beliefs. The next most important...
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...Unit 9 P1 Holistic care is when every aspect is considered when giving care, this includes their physical, intellectual, emotional and social needs. Beryll and Whitehouse 2010:9 support this definition because they state that holistic care is ‘physical, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual and providing opportunities for these to be met. ‘ Empowerment of individuals Empowering individuals means that services users are given choice and control over their lives. This can be done by ensuring that they are involved and informed about every decision concerning their care plan. A way in which you can empower an individual is for example in Roger and Alysha case study, when discussing and making important decisions about Rogers care plan, he was involved. As well as him and his wife were in the meeting. Another example is making sure when providing care for an individual they have a say in for example what clothes they wear, this promotes choice and allows them to have control over certain aspects of their lives. This provides a holistic approach because it allows health care professionals to consider every aspect of the individuals care. If an individual is empowered, they’re more likely to follow their care plan, which means...
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...Introduction For this task I have been asked to describe the promotional mix used by 2 selected organisations. My choice was Tesco (Price drop) and British heart foundation (Vinnie Jones). Virgin Media Usain Bolt | Advertising | Public relations & sponsorship | Sales promotion | Nature of the product | The nature of the advertising is that virgin media is selling fibre optic broadband. | In the advert virgin media says that this is the fastest broadband available, and they are using Usain Bolt to show people that it really is fast. | Virgin media is also selling line rental service in the advert. | Competition | Other companies with similar services such as Sky and BT | Other athletes who might advertise for other companies. | Other broadband companies who want their customers to challenge. | Marketing budget | £300 million | Of which £100 goes to the athlete | And roughly £50 million is going for sales promotion | Marketing strategy | Virgin media is using fastest man on planet to advertise apparently fastest broadband available. | Virgin is using Richard Brandsons logo image. | Virgin is compering Bolt with ordinary man which means that they’re comparing virgin broadband with ordinary broadband. | Target market | People or companies which use internet on daily basis and might not be satisfied with their broadband and want to change. | The fans of the athlete. | People who might be interested in using fibre optic broadband. | British Heart...
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...In this assignment I will be explaining the different physiological disorders. The two that I have picked is dementia and diabetes. With this I will discuss and explain the signs and symptoms that occurs and the changes the clients have been through. Confidentiality This aspect is about maintaining service user’s information safe and secure at all the times. Health and social care workers have to follow confidentiality when carrying out their job roles, as it is not only the principles of the care value base but also part of the Data Protection Act 1998. On the other hand, in this assignment I will maintain confidentiality by this I will not use the client’s names. Dementia: Case study: Name: X Age: 59 Male or female: Male Disorder: Dementia- It is a descriptive term for a ‘collection of symptoms’ that can be caused by a number of disorders that affect the brain. How long have you been suffering from this disorder? : 4years How did you find out about the disorder? : Doctors What treatment do you receive? : None What kind o support do you receive? : I have support form a speech and language therapist that comes to my house. How does this disorder affect you as a person? : I feel lonely at times and also, I feel very dependent on people. As I am very forgetful I am unable to remember basic things. How is your body affected by this disorder? :From the dementia I don’t feel any pain physically. Do you receive any support from your family/friends: my daughter who is...
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...File C5-207 July 2007 www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm Elasticity of Demand E lasticity of demand is an important variation on the concept of demand. Demand can be classified as elastic, inelastic or unitary. An elastic demand is one in which the change in quantity demanded due to a change in price is large. An inelastic demand is one in which the change in quantity demanded due to a change in price is small. The formula for computing elasticity of demand is: (Q1 – Q2) / (Q1 + Q2) (P1 – P2) / (P1 + P2) If the formula creates a number greater than 1, the demand is elastic. In other words, quantity changes faster than price. If the number is less than 1, demand is inelastic. In other words, quantity changes slower than price. If the number is equal to 1, elasticity of demand is unitary. In other words, quantity changes at the same rate as price. Close substitutes for a product affect the elasticity of demand. It another product can easily be substituted for your product, consumers will quickly switch to the other product if the price of your product rises or the price of the other product declines. For example, beef, pork and poultry are all meat products. The declining price of poultry in recent years has caused the consumption of poultry to increase, at the expense of beef and pork. So products with close substitutes tend to have elastic demand. Figure 1. Elastic demand Elastic Demand Elasticity of demand is illustrated in Figure 1. Note that a change in price...
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...File C5-207 July 2007 www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm Elasticity of Demand E lasticity of demand is an important variation on the concept of demand. Demand can be classified as elastic, inelastic or unitary. An elastic demand is one in which the change in quantity demanded due to a change in price is large. An inelastic demand is one in which the change in quantity demanded due to a change in price is small. The formula for computing elasticity of demand is: (Q1 – Q2) / (Q1 + Q2) (P1 – P2) / (P1 + P2) If the formula creates a number greater than 1, the demand is elastic. In other words, quantity changes faster than price. If the number is less than 1, demand is inelastic. In other words, quantity changes slower than price. If the number is equal to 1, elasticity of demand is unitary. In other words, quantity changes at the same rate as price. Close substitutes for a product affect the elasticity of demand. It another product can easily be substituted for your product, consumers will quickly switch to the other product if the price of your product rises or the price of the other product declines. For example, beef, pork and poultry are all meat products. The declining price of poultry in recent years has caused the consumption of poultry to increase, at the expense of beef and pork. So products with close substitutes tend to have elastic demand. Figure 1. Elastic demand Elastic Demand Elasticity of demand is illustrated in Figure 1. Note that a change in price...
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...Unit 1 Government, Policies and the Public Services Learners Name: Assignment Title: 1 Roles and Levels of Government Assessment Criteria: P1,P2,M1 Unit Tutor: Mr Mitchell Assignment Issue Date: 9-9-13 Assignment Due Date: 24-10-13 Unit 1 Government, Policies and the Public Services Assignment 1 Learning Outcomes | 1 | Assessment Criteria | P1, P2, M1 | Assessment method | Powerpoint presentation with supporting written evidence | Suggested Reading 1. Axford B et al – Politics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition (Routledge, 2002) ISBN 0415226422/9780415226424 2. Peele G – Governing the UK, 4th Edition (Wiley-Blackwell, 2004) ISBN 0631226818/9780631226819 Journals 1. Fire 2. Police Review 3. Prison News 4. Soldier Magazines 1. The Economist 2. The Spectator 3. The Week Website 1. 10 Downing Street www.number10.gov.uk 2. Direct Gov – public services all in one place www.direct.gov.uk 3. Euro information from the Treasury www.euro.gov.uk 4. HM Treasury www.hm-treasury.gov.uk 5. Home Office www.homeoffice.gov.uk 6. Home Office – Working in the UK www.workingintheuk.gov.uk 7. Information for local government from central government www.info4local.gov.uk 8. Information on policies and standards for e-government www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/govtalk.aspx 9. Independent software development and consultancy firm (provides links to central and local government websites) www.tagish.co.uk/links ...
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...Case Studies 1. SOLUTION TO STARTING RIGHT CASE, CH. 3, PAGE 110 This is a decision-making-under-uncertainty case. There are two events: a favorable market (event 1) and an unfavorable market (event 2). There are four alternatives, which include do nothing (alternative 1), invest in corporate bonds (alternative 2), invest in preferred stock (alternative 3), and invest in common stock (alternative 4). The decision table is presented. Note that for alternative 2, the return in a good market is $30,000 (1 + 0.13)5 = $55,273. The return in a good market is $120,000, (4 x $30,000) for alternative 3, and $240,000, (8 x $30,000) for alternative 4. Payoff table Laplace Event 1 Alternativ e1 Alternativ e2 Alternativ e3 Alternativ e4 0 55,273 Event 2 0 – 10,00 0 – 15,00 0 – 30,00 0 Average Value 0.0 22,636.5 Minimu m 0 – 10,000 – 15,000 – 30,000 Maximu m 0 55,273 Hurwicz Value 0.00 – 2,819.9 7 –150.00 120,00 0 240,00 0 52,500.0 120,000 105,000. 0 240,000 –300.00 Regret table Maximum Alternative Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4 Event 1 240,000 184,727 120,000 0 Event 2 0 10,000 15,000 30,000 Regret 240,000 184,727 120,000 30,000 a. Sue Pansky is a risk avoider and should use the maximin decision approach. She should do nothing and not make an investment in Starting Right. b. Ray Cahn should use a coefficient of realism of 0.11. The best decision is to do nothing. c. Lila Battle should eliminate alternative 1 of doing nothing and apply the maximin...
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...Case Studies 1. SOLUTION TO STARTING RIGHT CASE, CH. 3, PAGE 110 This is a decision-making-under-uncertainty case. There are two events: a favorable market (event 1) and an unfavorable market (event 2). There are four alternatives, which include do nothing (alternative 1), invest in corporate bonds (alternative 2), invest in preferred stock (alternative 3), and invest in common stock (alternative 4). The decision table is presented. Note that for alternative 2, the return in a good market is $30,000 (1 + 0.13)5 = $55,273. The return in a good market is $120,000, (4 x $30,000) for alternative 3, and $240,000, (8 x $30,000) for alternative 4. Payoff table Laplace Hurwicz Event 1 Event 2 Average Value Minimu m Maximu m Value Alternativ e1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.00 Alternativ e2 55,273 – 10,00 0 22,636.5 – 10,000 55,273 – 2,819.9 7 Alternativ e3 120,00 0 – 15,00 0 52,500.0 – 15,000 120,000 –150.00 Alternativ e4 240,00 0 – 30,00 0 105,000. 0 – 30,000 240,000 –300.00 Regret table Maximum Alternative Event 1 Event 2 Regret Alternative 1 240,000 0 240,000 Alternative 2 184,727 10,000 184,727 Alternative 3 120,000 15,000 120,000 Alternative 4 0 30,000 30,000 a. Sue Pansky is a risk avoider and should use the maximin decision approach. She should do nothing and not make an investment in Starting...
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...1. Deadlock (“deadly embrace”) is a system-wide tangle of resource requests that begins when 2 or more jobs are put on hold. • Each job is waiting for a vital resource to become available. • Needed resources are held by other jobs also waiting to run but can’t because they’re waiting for other unavailable resources. • The jobs come to a standstill. • The deadlock is complete if remainder of system comes to a standstill as well. • The resources can be categorized into physical and logical resources. The physical resources are printer, disk drive, cpu, memory, scanner etc. The logical resources are files. • Deadlock is more serious than indefinite postponement or starvation because it affects more than one job. • Because resources are being tied up, the entire system (not just a few programs) is affected. • Requires outside intervention (e.g., operators or users terminate a job) to resolved the deadlock. 2. Seven Cases of Deadlocks Case 1 Deadlocks on file requests Case 2 Deadlocks in databases Case 3 Deadlocks in dedicated device allocation Case 4 Deadlocks in multiple device allocation Case 5 Deadlocks in spooling Case 7 Deadlocks in disk sharing Case 8 Deadlocks in a network Case 1: Deadlocks on File Requests | |If jobs can request and hold files for duration of their...
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...HYDRAULICS LAB #1 The objective of this lab is to test the fluid flow provided by the power unit at various discharge pressures, and create a power unit characteristic curve. 1. Build on the trainer the hydraulic circuit shown in the figure below, using the components listed here. hydraulic power unit (2) pressure gauges flow control valve (FCV) – simulated load flow-meter Page 1 of 2 2. Initial setup: a. Fully close (CW) the FCV, and fully open (CCW) the pressure relief valve on the power unit. b. Start the power unit, and slowly adjust the pressure relief valve until pressure gauge P1 reaches 50 bar. Let the unit run for a few minutes then check and adjust P1 if necessary. c. Do not touch the pressure relief valve for the remainder of the lab. d. Fully open the FCV. 3. Test: a. Record the pressures P1, P2 and the flow rate under the “Min.” column in the table below. b. Slowly turn the FCV CW, adding a simulated load to the system. When the pressure at P1 increases to 15 bar, stop and record pressure P2 and the flow rate. c. Repeat for all columns listed in the table. The final column, listed as “Max Pres.” should be run with the FCV fully closed. Note the sound of the power unit during this test. You should detect changes in tone as the load (pressure) is increased. P1 Pressure (bar) P2 (bar) Flow Rate (lpm) Min * 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 46 47 48 49 Max. Pres. * minimum pressure attained, with flow control fully open HYDRAULICS LAB #1 Page 2 of 2 Lab Report: ...
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...CPU SCHEDULINGCPU scheduling in UNIX is designed to benefit interactive processes. Processes are given small CPU time slices by a priority algorithm that reduces to round-robin scheduling for CPU-bound jobs.The scheduler on UNIX system belongs to the general class of operating system schedulers known as round robin with multilevel feedback which means that the kernel allocates the CPU time to a process for small time slice, preempts a process that exceeds its time slice and feed it back into one of several priority queues. A process may need much iteration through the "feedback loop" before it finishes. When kernel does a context switch and restores the context of a process. The process resumes execution from the point where it had been suspended.Each process table entry contains a priority field. There is a process table for each process which contains a priority field for process scheduling. The priority of a process is lower if they have recently used the CPU and vice versa.The more CPU time a process accumulates, the lower (more positive) its priority becomes, and vice versa, so there is negative feedback in CPU scheduling and it is difficult for a single process to take all the CPU time. Process aging is employed to prevent starvation.Older UNIX systems used a 1-second quantum for the round- robin scheduling. 4.33SD reschedules processes every 0.1 second and recomputed priorities every second. The round-robin scheduling is accomplished by the -time-out mechanism, which tells...
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...Chapter 6: CPU Scheduling • • • Basic Concepts Scheduling Criteria Scheduling Algorithms Operating System Concepts 6.1 Basic Concepts • Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming. • CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait. – Example: Alternating Sequence of CPU And I/O Bursts – In an I/O – bound program would have many very short CPU bursts. – In a CPU – bound program would have a few very long CPU bursts. Operating System Concepts 6.2 1 CPU Scheduler • The CPU scheduler (short-term scheduler) selects from among the processes in memory that are ready to execute, and allocates the CPU to one of them. • A ready queue may be implemented as a FIFO queue, priority queue, a tree, or an unordered linked list. • CPU scheduling decisions may take place when a process: 1. Switches from running to waiting state (ex., I/O request). 2. Switches from running to ready state (ex., Interrupts occur). 3. Switches from waiting to ready state (ex., Completion of I/O). 4. Terminates. • Scheduling under 1 and 4 is nonpreemptive; otherwise is called preemptive. • Under nonpreemptive scheduling, once the CPU has been allocated to a process, the process keeps the CPU until it releases the CPU either by terminating or by switching to the waiting state. Operating System Concepts 6.3 Dispatcher • Dispatcher module gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short-term scheduler;...
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