...The Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee would join and their first strike was against grape growers in California in 1965. His brother Richard would the draw the iconic flag of an eagle holding a the red flags, that provided hope for migrant workers. A year the later both unions joined together, renaming it United Farm Workers in 1972. With Chavez putting a national boycott of California grape growers. He battled with grape growers for fives years, but the workers in the end got improved compensation and better working conditions. Then on July 16, 1984 he started another boycott against the grape workers called “The Wrath of the Grape” that was a 15 minute film which included families talking about their personal experiences with the effects of pesticide infiltration of their community's drinking water supply. On April 23, 1993 Cesar died of old age, at the age of 66 near Yuma,...
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...encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the company. For the soft drink, see Pepsi. PepsiCo Inc. | | Type | Public | Traded as | NYSE: PEP NASDAQ: PEP S&P 500 Component | Industry | Foods, Beverages | Founded | North Carolina, U.S. (1965 (1965)) | Founder(s) | Donald Kendall, Herman Lay | Headquarters | Purchase, New York, U.S. | Area served | Worldwide | Key people | Indra Nooyi (Chairman & CEO)[1] | Products | See list of PepsiCo products | Revenue | US$ 57.838 billion (2010)[2] | Operating income | US$ 08.332 billion (2010)[2] | Net income | US$ 06.338 billion (2010)[2] | Total assets | US$ 68.153 billion (2010)[2] | Total equity | US$ 21.476 billion (2010)[2] | Employees | 294,000 (2010)[2] | Divisions | PepsiCo Americas Foods; PepsiCo Americas Beverages; PepsiCo Europe; PepsiCo Asia, Middle East & Africa | Subsidiaries | List of subsidiaries | Website | PepsiCo.com | PepsiCo Inc. (NYSE: PEP) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York, United States, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which include an acquisition of Tropicana in 1998 and a merger with Quaker Oats in 2001...
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...Assignment on Apparel Industry Compliance System Author: Md. Nasir Uddin, Md.Mozammel Haque, Md.Fakhrul Islam Sumon, Saiful Islam, Kazi Mahbubul Hoq Department of Textile Engineering Daffodil International University Introduction: Bangladesh has emerged as a key player in RMG (Ready Made Garment) sector since 1978. Textiles and clothing account for about 85% of total export earnings of Bangladesh. Out of which, 76% comes from the apparel sector which covers the major products of knit and woven shirts, blouses, trousers, skirts, shorts, jackets, sweaters, sports wears and many more casual and fashion items. |[pic] | |Chart : Bangladeshi RMG export thourghout the decade | The pivotal factor in the apparel industry is the workforce i.e. the sewing operators, the helpers, cutting masters, pattern makers, finishers etc.. Bangladesh is endowed with abundant and cheap labour force that is easily trainable and convertible into semi-skilled and skilled workforce |[pic] | |Fig: garments Manufacturing | Quality of goods exported from Bangladesh has always been questioned by the foreign buyers due to lack of experience and awareness of Garment manufacturers associated in the trade....
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...Health Care in the Early 1960s Rosemary A. Stevens, Ph.D. My topic, health care in the early 1960s, has a double set of meanings for me. I am a historian, and the 1960s are now "history," ripe for new interpretations. Yet I was also an immigrant to the United States in 1961, fresh from working as an administrator in the British National Health Service. The period immediately before the Medicare legislation in 1965 shines in my memory with the vividness of new impressions: those of a young health care student trying to make sense of the U. S. health care system, and indeed, of the United States. The health care system and the United States as a society stand, in many ways, as proxy for each other, now as then: The whole tells you much about the part, and the part about the whole. In the early 1960s, health care was already a massive enterprise. By the late 1950s, hospitals employed far more people than the steel industry, the automobile industry, and interstate railroads. One of every eight Americans was admitted annually as an inpatient (Somers and Somers, 1961). To study health care, with all its contradictions and complexities, in the 1960s as in the present, is to explore the character and ambiguities of the United States itself, that vast, brash, divided yet curiously hopeful Nation. On the face of it, the United States was a country blessed by plenty in the 1960s, with hospitals and professionals that were the envy of the world. Among the marvels of modern hospitals that...
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...A Political Perspective on Leadership Emergence, Stability, and Change in Organizational Networks Author(s): John Bryson and George Kelley Source: The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Oct., 1978), pp. 713-723 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/257927 Accessed: 04-07-2015 06:28 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 204.107.115.37 on Sat, 04 Jul 2015 06:28:43 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions A Political Perspective on Leadership Emergence, Stability, and in Organizational Networks Change JOHN BRYSON University of Minnesota GEORGEKELLEY University of Wisconsin A political approach to leadership in organizational networks is presented. From a review primarilyof the political science and public administrationliteratures, a theoretical...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction Origin of the report After Liberation when country's traditional items of export could not yield expected result, in late 70s the government and a section of entrepreneurs - young, educated and dynamic, began to emphasize on development of non-traditional items of export. By the year 1983, Ready-Made-Garment (RMG) emerged to be a non-traditional export oriented sector most promising in the socioeconomic context of the country. By that time, those entrepreneurs felt a necessity of sectoral trade body, non-government in nature, free from traditional bureaucracy, to help the RMG sector and to boost up the foreign exchange earnings of the country urgently needed at that time. Responding to that necessity, 19 (Nineteen) RMG manufacturers and exporters joined together and by their untiring efforts got Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) incorporated on February 20, 1983, Today 2400 small and medium scale privately owned garment factories, registered with BGMEA, spread in cluster over the EPZ and urban areas of Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna, are manufacturing ready-made garments of varied specifications as per size and designs stipulated by the overseas buyers. Starting with a few items, the entrepreneurs in the RMG sector have widely diversified the product base ranging from ordinary shirt, T-shirt, trousers, shorts, pajama, ladie's wear and children's wear to sophisticated high value items like quality suits, branded jeans...
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...or lecturers for on-campus Harvard referencing support. Acknowledgement A significant component of the Master of Accounting (MAcc) program is the Language for Professional Communication in Accounting Program (LPCA). The LPCA program is a collaboration of the Master of Accounting program and The Centre for Macquarie English (CME), formerly the National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research (NCELTR). The LPCA program provides tailored resources for specific units, as well as providing materials for additional generic workshops. Students are able to develop a high level of communication and professional skills and, at the same time, to develop technical skills. These resources are integrated with relevant technical content and are a significant part of the teaching and learning within individual units. Communication and professional skills are assessed, often together with technical skills, in individual units. The development of these skills is essential to students’ success, not only within the units of this program, but also in an accounting career. As part of the LPCA program, resources have been made available to provide students with an understanding of the plagiarism policies of the University and the Master of Accounting program. Also referencing...
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...or lecturers for on-campus Harvard referencing support. Acknowledgement A significant component of the Master of Accounting (MAcc) program is the Language for Professional Communication in Accounting Program (LPCA). The LPCA program is a collaboration of the Master of Accounting program and The Centre for Macquarie English (CME), formerly the National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research (NCELTR). The LPCA program provides tailored resources for specific units, as well as providing materials for additional generic workshops. Students are able to develop a high level of communication and professional skills and, at the same time, to develop technical skills. These resources are integrated with relevant technical content and are a significant part of the teaching and learning within individual units. Communication and professional skills are assessed, often together with technical skills, in individual units. The development of these skills is essential to students’ success, not only within the units of this program, but also in an accounting career. As part of the LPCA program, resources have been made available to provide students with an understanding of the plagiarism policies of the University and the Master of Accounting program. Also referencing...
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...students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Social Indicators Research. http://www.jstor.org FRANZ ROTHENBACHER NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES IN SOCIAL REPORTING* (Accepted 27 October, 1992) ABSTRACT. National and international in social in western approaches reporting are described. starts with The the outline of current in activities paper Europe are discussed. international The national Further organizations. competing approaches and products of social reporting; the plurality of actors in social topics are the sources and different The only diffusion of ways of its institutionalization. reporting, incomplete inWestern social are offered is described and some hypotheses for reporting Europe an explanation. The conclusion that there will be a new surge of social reporting points in the 1990s. As a basis for its argumentation in Europe the paper presents rich tables on social surveys and a bibliography on social reporting by actor. 1. STARTING This POINT AND EVOLUTION a general but three main paper deals with...
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...believe are shortcomings of traditional budgeting practices. One approach advocates improving the budgeting process and primarily focuses on the planning problems with budgeting. The other advocates abandoning the budget and primarily focuses on the performance evaluation problems with budgeting. This paper provides an overview and research perspective on these two recent developments. We discuss why practitioners have become dissatisfied with budgets, describe the two distinct approaches, place them in a research context, suggest insights that may aid the practitioners, and use the practitioner perspectives to identify fruitful areas for research. INTRODUCTION udgeting is the cornerstone of the management control process in nearly all organizations, but despite its widespread use, it is far from perfect.1 Practitioners express concerns about using budgets for planning and performance evaluation. The practitioners argue that budgets impede the allocation of organizational resources to their best uses and encourage myopic decision making and other dysfunctional budget games. They attribute these problems, in part, to traditional budgeting’s financial, top-down, commandand-control orientation as embedded in annual budget planning and performance evaluation processes (e.g., Schmidt 1992; Bunce et al. 1995; Hope and Fraser 1997, 2000, 2003; Wallander 1999; Ekholm and Wallin 2000; Marcino 2000; Jensen 2001). We demonstrate practitioners’ concerns with budgets by...
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...KENYATTA UNIVERSITY ODeL NAIROBI CENTRE ------------------------------------------------- STUDENT ASIGNMENT SUBMISSION FORM Student Name: HARRISON MBATO MUNYAO Registration Number: E156/Ol/8000/2013 Unit Code: ISC 300 Unit Title: RESEARCH METHODS Lecture’s Name: MR. NAMANDE Student’s Signature: _______________________________________ Coordinator’s Signature: ____________________________________ Rubber Stamp: _________________________ Date: _________________________________ CONCEPT PAPER KENYATTA UNIVERSITY NAME: HARRISON MBATO MUNYAO REG. NO.: E 156/OC/8000/2013 TEL: 0721573204/0735902001 EMAIL: Harrisonmbato@gmail.com SCHOOL: EDUCATION DEPT: LIBARRY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE UNIT CODE: UNIT NAME: CONCEPT PAPER TITLE: CHALLENGE FACED IN INFORMATION CENTRES IN PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF INFORMATION MATERIALS INTRODUCTION In Kenya, information centers population known as registry was established by an act of parliament Cap.19 of 1965 and Cap.14 Laws of Kenya. There are also other circulars and general letters that govern registries and records or documents in Public offices. These rules and regulations range from creation, accumulation, destruction of valueless records to permanent preservation of records with enduring value. These information centers (registries) have been cascaded up to divisional level, currently known as sub-ward; administratively headed by Assistant County Commissioners formerly known as District Officers...
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...What is the possible meaning of the changes in stock price for Berkshire Hathaway and Scottish Power plc on the day of the acquisition announcement? Specifically, what does the $2.17-billion gain in Berkshire’s market value of equity imply about the intrinsic value of PacifiCorp? May 24, 2005 marked the day of Warren Buffett’s (CEO of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.) largest acquisition since 1998. On this day it was announced that the electric utility company PacifiCorp was going to be acquired by the Berkshire Hathaway subsidiary, MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company. PacifiCorp was purchased from their “parent” company Scottish Power plc. PacifiCorp was created in 1984. They provide electricity to citizens throughout California, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Warren Buffett was looking to expand Berkshire Hathaway’s interests more deeply in the energy field. After all was said and done, MidAmerican ended up purchasing PacifiCorp from Scottish Power plc for $5.1 billion in cash and $4.3 billion in liabilities and preferred stock. Management at each company felt as though the deal was great for all those involved. Scottish Power’s CEO Ian Russell stated “we strongly believe that this transaction is in the best interests of PacifiCorp’s customers and employees” (18). The deal to acquire PacifiCorp by MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company resulted in a positive stock price increase for both Berkshire Hathaway and Scottish Power plc. Berkshire Hathaway’s Class A shares noticed...
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...Motivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of front-line employees Carolyn Stringer University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Motivation of front-line employees 161 Jeni Didham Westpac, Sydney, Australia, and Paul Theivananthampillai University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Abstract Purpose – This paper aims to explore the complex relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, pay satisfaction and job satisfaction at the retailer that uses a pay-for-performance plan for front-line employees. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on a single organization case study across seven stores, and uses a survey, archival documents, open-ended questions and researcher interaction with employees and managers. Findings – The results provide some support for the complementary nature of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation was positively associated with pay and job satisfactions, whereas extrinsic motivation was negatively associated with job satisfaction, and not associated with pay satisfaction. The qualitative insights indicate that pay fairness is important, and those who perceived pay was not fair generally made comparisons with others or felt that pay did not reflect their effort. It is also found that the majority of employees perceived that goals were clear. Research limitations/implications – The dominance of extrinsic motivation without including behavioural, social, and psychological factors in agency theory research...
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...The McDonald's restaurant concept was introduced in San Bernardino, California by Dick and Mac McDonald of Manchester, New Hampshire. It was modified and expanded by their business partner, Ray Kroc, of Oak Park, Illinois, who later bought out the business interests of the McDonald brothers and formed McDonald's Corporation. Early history In 1937, Patrick McDonald opened "The Airdrome", a food stand, on Huntington Drive (Route 66) near the Monrovia Airport in Monrovia, California.[4] Hamburgers were ten cents, and all-you-can-drink[citation needed] orange juice was five cents. In 1940, his two sons, Maurice and Richard ("Mac" and "Dick"), moved the entire building 40 miles (64 km) east, to West 14th and 1398 North E Streets in San Bernardino, California. The restaurant was renamed "McDonald's Bar-B-Q" and served twenty five barbecued items on their menu. In October 1948, after the McDonald brothers realized that most of their profits came from selling hamburgers, they closed down their successful carhop drive-in to establish a streamlined system with a simple menu of just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, french fries, shakes, soft drinks, and apple pie. The carhops were eliminated to make McDonald's a self-serve operation. Mac and Dick McDonald had taken great care in setting up their kitchen like an assembly line to ensure maximum efficiency. The restaurant's name was again changed, this time to simply "McDonald's" and reopened its doors on December 12, 1948. In 1953, the McDonald...
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...SUBJECT- MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS TOPIC- IMPACT OF WTO ON INDIAN ECONOMY FOR THE PAST 10 YEARS. NAME - NITESH SHUKLA DIV - C ROLL.NO -324332 INTRODUCTION WTO is basically an internationally recognized global organization which clearly defines the role of trade between the nations and to avoid conflict over it. The primary goal of WTO is to help various intermediaries conduct their business. It also aims to improve the welfare of the people of the member countries. CONCEPTS: * WTO is basically a place where trade problems are sorted out with each other which the countries face as a whole and also with each other. * The rules or better say agreements which are made in WTO are scrutinized and negotiated by the bulk of the world’s trading nations before being passed. * WTO not just supports carrying out trade in a peaceful way but also supports maintaining of trade barriers. Ex: protecting consumers and nation as a whole. * WTO works upon the rules framed with the participation of all the member countries with the prime focus on settlement of disputes. * WTO has a characteristic feature of ‘member-driven’ wherein...
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