...United States vs Microsoft Corporation, for Committing Monopolization Written By: Blank March/24/2014 Blank Lee The federal case United States vs Microsoft Corporation (2001) was an anti-trust case tried in the U.S. District Court in which the U.S. government filed suit against Microsoft on May, 18, 1998 because they were concerned that the company was using the power of it enormous market share in the PC operating system market to exert undue influence on the market prices and competition. The government also alleged that Microsoft had engaged in anticompetitive conduct in violation of § 1 and § 2 of the Sherman Act. Although the investigation really began in 1993 when Microsoft’s marketing tactics had sparked the Department of Justice’s interest in the business dealings of the company in order to conclude whether or not the company was partaking in monopolistic practices. This Department of Justice investigation was directly subsequent to two deadlocked probes by the Federal Trade Commission that were initiated in 1990 ("Wired.com”). During the 1993 investigation the Department of Justice found that indeed Microsoft was abusing the monopoly power it possessed over the PC operating systems markets. Monopoly Powers are generally defined as the absence or ineffectiveness of competitive constraints on price, output, product decisions and quality. The Supreme Court defines monopoly power as ''the power to control prices or exclude competition.'' A firm is...
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...MICROSOFT ACQUIRES LINUX Introduction The Microsoft Corporation is the largest diversified computer software company in the world. Linux is simply a computer operating system. The stable and flexible nature of Linux has attracted people to use it at home and work computers. Linux has many advantages like they are more stable, secure as well as robust. It is considered to be perfect storage of huge information database. As a competitive strategy, a marketer of a successful product may bundle a newer or less successful product with its stronger product as a means of edging its way into a new market. Perhaps the most famous example of this is Microsoft Corporation's bundling of various software applications. The comparative advantage of innovation and new technologies in the business activities made Microsoft become monopoly. If Microsoft acquires Linux, Microsoft will become still powerful. It would usually cause market failure. Moreover, considering the problem of market failure, Government intervention is inevitable in the case of Microsoft. Government filed a case as Microsoft acted as monopoly. Monopoly If a firm only one which can produces a certain goods, it has monopoly in that market for that good. There are so many buyers in the market and there is a restriction to new firm enters into the market. The monopoly firm produces and sells their output where MR=MC and get abnormal profits before the government regulate to them. The U.S vs. Microsoft case of 1998...
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... The United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation Topic: My Honors Program thesis project will deal with “The United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation.” In this ongoing anti-trust case, the Justice Department and 19 States Attorneys' General are alleging that the company is guilty of monopolistic and anti-competitive trade practices that are detrimental to industry competitors and consumers. Microsoft contends that it has fostered innovation and competition and has not engaged in monopolistic practices. Over the course of this project, I will examine the historical and current applications of anti-trust law and utilize these laws to develop an analysis of the Microsoft case. Rationale: The history of Anti-Trust litigation in the United States features several groundbreaking cases that have contributed to our current competitive environment. Without a doubt, the ongoing Microsoft anti-trust trial is the most relevant and challenging exercise of anti-trust law in decades. I find the Microsoft anti-trust case to be an outstanding thesis topic for a variety of reasons. As a future law school student, I am intrigued by the complex applications of anti- trust law and the existing jurisprudence with regard to such cases. Most experts would agree that recent developments involving computing technology and Internet products have helped fuel our nation's incredible economic performance over the last several years. Over the same period, Microsoft has been...
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...Nokia’s position in the global communication marketplace Jeremy G. Cruz, MBA SBS Swiss Business School, Kloten, CH. 40 SBS JABR - Vol 3 Abstract Nokia is a global leader in mobile communications whose products have become an integral part of the lives of people all around the world. After over a decade of leading the mobile industry, Nokia, between 2007 and 2012, has fallen behind its competitors who have more recently entered the market. The gap between Nokia, and the competition has increased significantly and Nokia is now struggling in an effort to try to regain its role as a global competitor. In this article, we are trying to understand what has happened, what the current situation is, and what Nokia could do to return to full profitability and leadership in the current, global marketplace. In order to do that, we have attempted to analyze Nokia’s business-level positioning strategy, including market positioning of its strategic business units, as well as how the positioning strategy influences the competitive and/or cooperative dynamics of the industry. Additionally, we will analyze Nokia’s corporate-level strategy, identifying the businesses the company is in and is considering entering, how they are related or unrelated, and whether and how they create additional value. Keywords: Nokia, Business, Communications technologies, Disruptive technologies, Telecommunication Industry, Introduction Within its nearly 150-year history, Nokia has evolved from its origins in the...
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...meeting its business objectives 1. List each bookstores business objects 2. Discuss whether each business is meeting their objectives and how? F. List the vision and mission of the bookstores. III. Conclusion References Peterson, V. (2015). Barnes & Noble’s booksellers-"the world's largest bookstore". Retrieved from http://publishing.about.com/od/BooksellersAndBookselling/p/Barnes-And-Noble-Booksellers-The-Worlds-Largest-Bookstore.htm Barnes & Noble’s selects Accenture and initiate systems. (2007). Retrieved from https://newsroom.accenture.com/subjects/client-winsnew-contracts/barnes-noble-selects-accenture-and-initiate-systems-to-implement-master-data-management-software-to-improve-customer-service.htm Microsoft Corporation. (2006). The what, why and how of master data management. Retrieved from https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb190163.aspx About Amazon. (2015). Retrieved from...
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...Justice SSecurity Security | | |CJS/220 Version 4 | | |The Court System | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction and overview of the legal system, the participants, the courtroom process, and post-conviction process of the court system. It demonstrates the connections among participants and how they relate to each other. Additionally, the course covers the history of the court system and the different types of court at the state and federal levels. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Meyer, J. F., & Grant, D. R. (2003). The courts in our criminal justice system...
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...businesses and giant government entities will stop at nothing to shut it down. The Sherman Antitrust Act, the Clayton Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act make up the current US antitrust laws. The antitrust laws are supposed to promote and protect competition. The philosophy behind the laws is that trusts and monopolies will stagnate markets and prevent others from engaging in healthy market competition. A monopoly is defined as a situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. (Investorwords, 2010) Antitrust law legislation started with the Sherman Act that was passed in 1890. The intent of the law was put in place to challenge the unchecked growth of corporations. By 1888, large corporations gained enough market muscle to dominate entire industries. The Sherman Act outlaws all contracts, combinations, and conspiracies that unreasonably restrain interstate trade. This includes agreements among competitors to fix prices, rig bids and allocate consumers. The Act also makes it a crime to monopolize any part of interstate commerce. Criminal prosecution will be filed if the Sherman act is violated. If found guilty, the violator can be fined up to $1 million and sentenced up to 10 years in federal...
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...9-800-050 Rev. September 30, 1999 Double Dealmaking in the Browser Wars (A) For months, the upstart Netscape Communications Corporation had battled the Microsoft Corporation over which browser the accounting giant KPMG would select for its internal use. On June 2, 1997, Netscape CEO Jim Barksdale finally heard the gratifying words that capped the see-saw dealmaking process: “You've re-won the business,” said Roger Siboni, Deputy Chairman of KPMG. “And I'd like to extend my personal invitation for you to give the keynote speech at our annual meeting in Orlando, Florida.” Delighted at the news, and visualizing the army of KPMG accountants, tax people, and consultants he’d be triumphantly addressing in August, the Netscape CEO thanked Mr. Siboni, and put down the phone. This was a crucial beachhead for Netscape in its quest for the corporate market. Netscape had initially won the KPMG contract, but Microsoft’s persistence had pried it back open. Beating back Microsoft’s latest challenge marked a great success for Netscape. This victory stood in sharp contrast to a far less happy dealmaking episode the previous year in which Netscape had tilted against mighty Microsoft for AOL’s browser business. In a sequence that gave some industry observers virtual whiplash, a pathbreaking Netscape deal with AOL had been announced, only to be undercut the very next day by Microsoft. Netscape’s ultimate loss in the AOL battle helped to define an Internet dealmaking ethos that the normally sober Wall...
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...Benes Legal Forms of Business The well-informed businessperson understands choosing the correct business form is important. The type of business form determines what type of business organized, how money flows in and out of the business, how the business and owners are taxed, and the levels of risk to owners. There are several types of business forms. These types are sole proprietorship, partnership, Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), Limited Liability Company (LLC), S Corporation, franchise, and corporation. The businessperson needs to have an understanding of which business form is justified for their business startup. The beginning businessperson looks at the sole proprietorship a majority of times because of its simplicity (Anthony, 2011). A sole proprietorship is the simplest form of business organization. The owner of the business, the sole proprietor, is the business. There is no separate legal entity. Sole proprietorships are the most common form of business organization in the United States (Cheeseman, 2010). One example of a business that becomes a sole proprietorship is an independent contractor. The future business owner completes work for a business, but they are not an employee of these companies, they are considered self-employed and therefore a sole proprietor. Most person call this “moonlighting.” For example, if an electrical contractor with a full-time job also does home electrical installation after work or on the weekends and is not representing the...
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...’s humble beginning started in April 1976 as a small private computer company owned by three men, Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne, and Steve Wozinak. The company originally focused on creating personal computers for the first 25 years of its existence until 2001 when Apple Inc. introduced the iMac followed by the iPod, iPhone, and iPad. Over the last decade, Apple started purchasing various software corporations, such as the music company Lala, the personal assistant Siri, and most recently, Anobit Technologies, to integrate their products into Apple’s new computer innovations. Today, Apple Inc.’s main business and operational activities continue to focus on producing and marketing computer electronics, computer software, and personal computers through 357 retail stores in ten countries and its online store (Anonymous, n.d.). Much of Apple’s success revolves around the company’s record breaking net profit and revenue, as well as its massive foundation of loyal users. In August 2011, Apple Inc. surpassed oil-giant Exxon Mobil Corporation as the most valuable company in the United States earning a current market cap worth of approximately $465 billion with shares priced at just over $500.00 a share (Associated Press, 2012). Apple,...
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...Business Analysis II, Apple Inc., Dell Inc., & Microsoft Corp. Cheryl Alcantara Online Main/MGT 521 Jason Miller July 17, 2011 Business Analysis II, Apple Inc., Dell Inc., & Microsoft Corp. Cheryl Alcantara Online Main/MGT 521 Jason Miller July 17, 2011 08 Fall 08 Fall Technology includes items like the telephone and computer. “The computer is capable of handling precisely quantified information much higher speed than the unaided human†(3 International conference Promoting Business Ethics) and can be “compiled and processed by a computer is quite beyond the ability of any human to digest†(the effects of Technology on Business, 2011, p.1). “Looking at product technology we could say that engineers and researchers have with time improved upon the processes for researching and applying new technologies in creation of new products that meet customers needs and demands†(Zayas-Quinones. 2006, p.1). Examples of how technology affects processes, is global business and the tool of technologies by “hardware, software, databases and telecommunication†(Zayas-Quinone’s, 2006, p.1) and the processes in different areas. Technical advances are made through globalization in business such as using telecommunications through “local, wide and global scale private networks and even that public artery†(Lippers, et. al, 2006, p.1). The integration of a systems and support operations include gender and nationality. The...
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...Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis ECO/365 Bill Gates and Paul Allen made a company called Microsoft in 1975. They were computer fanatics that had a idea for personal computers. Microsoft then established itself into a household name. The marketplace for the personal computer became a actuality with the dream and hard work of Microsoft. Our group has been selected to be a part of a strategic planning team at Microsoft. They are the worldwide front-runner in software, services and solutions that support individuals and companies to realize their full potential ("A History of Windows", 2014). Microsoft is thinking about developing a new TV line. The marketing director directed our team to do a competitive market analysis and figure out the TV’s possible success. Our analysis will include an emphasis on Microsoft’s primary challenger (Sony) in the TV market. This report will look at the company as it relates to the current market settings and as it pertains to Microsoft concerning the marketplace structure, knowledge, price elasticity of demand, and participants. Tec-view vs. Sony HD Television Microsoft has developed a new television that will be an all in one component called Tec-view. This product will take the place of your computer and various digital devices while maintaining the expected functions of a television. Microsoft has brought superior upgrading to the line of visual experience. The competitor Sony HD television, is also working...
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...NYSE VS. NASDAQ By: Lavoy Freeman Financial Management Individual Project 1 Many people may make millions or lose everything they have by buying and selling stocks on exchange markets. The two most familiar exchanges are NYSE and NASDAQ. The New York Stock Exchange is a Euro-American national security exchange that operates multiple security exchanges. It maintains a leading position in global exchange products market. In 2011, NYSE-Euronext led the market in Exchange Traded Products with more than 450 new ETN listed. The market’s impressive growth has been a success from their rests of structuring nearly 85% of their leading venue for Exchange Traded Funds, Exchange Traded Notes, Exchange Traded Vehicles, and Warrant and Certificate trading. The product offering of the marketplace gives investors access of regulated listings as well as fast and innovative tools to quickly convert assets to cash. The trade of equities, futures, options, fixed-income and exchange-traded products comes from the company’s exchanges in Europe and the United States. NYSE Liffe is a derivative business operated by NYSE-Euronext, which offers comprehensive commercial technology along with connectivity, market data products and services. (NYSE-Euronext) NASADAQ is known as an American stock exchange market, which originally stands for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. Other than NYSE, NASDAQ is the second-largest stock exchange by market capitalization...
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...Contents Introduction 2 Macro-environment 3 Political factor 3 Economic factor 3 Socio-Cultural Factors 4 Technological factors 4 SWOT Analysis 4 Market segmentation 7 Geographical 7 Demographic 7 Psychographic 7 Marketing mix 4P’s 7 Recommendation 8 References 10 Introduction This write up is in regard of the marketing report based on Samsung, electronic Multinational Corporation. It gives a PESTEL examination, SWOT analysis, Segmentation and marketing mix elements. Samsung's uniqueness is delineated from its earth shattering way to deal with business. This organization was established in 1938 by Lee Byung-chull as a minor. It propelled in its operation driving Lee to empty the central command to Seoul In 1947. Be that as it may, the steadiness of the organization was disturbed by the 1954 war. Right now, Samsung is Multinational Corporation with its central command in Samsung, Seoul in South Korea. The organization has comprises of different united auxiliary firms. Samsung gives an umbrella to the auxiliary firms under the brand name Samsung. Some eminent backups incorporate Samsung hardware, Samsung overwhelming commercial enterprises, Samsung C & T, and Samsung designing (Chang, 2011). Samsung electronic is the most perceived backup of the multinational company. Its income in the year 2010 stances it as the best data innovation organization. Samsung substantial businesses are ordered as the second shipbuilder utilizing the same income criteria...
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...Software Copyright Piracy & Laws | Business Law | | This paper contains both recent and past accounts of software piracy cases. Also within the contents are definitions of what software piracy is and what has and can be done to help stop copyright infringement. | | Brandon Sampsell | 4/19/2012 | | Software Copyright Piracy & Laws The definition of software piracy is the illegal copying of software for commercial or personal gain. Software companies have tried many methods to prevent piracy, with varying degrees of success. Several agencies like the Software Publishers Association and the Business Software Alliance have been formed to combat both worldwide and domestic piracy. Software piracy is an unresolved, worldwide problem, costing millions of dollars in lost revenue. In a more recent case, the case of Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd v Sharman License Holdings Ltd (2005) 220 ALR 1 was high-profile Australian litigation involving music labels suing the developers and distributors (collectively referred to as "the Sharman parties") of software that enabled access to the Kazaa a p2p network. The software, which was made available for free, enabled users to upload and download digital files like music files or data files. However, unlike earlier p2p networks the Kazaa network did not require operation through centralized servers, nor physical involvement in the transmission of the files. The essence of the litigation concerned the responsibility...
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