...Throughout history there has always been social gaps. These are seen by rural and urban populations, and the upper and lower classes. In France in the nineteenth century, this was prevalent throughout the country’s provinces. The people spoke different dialects of French and they did not really identify together as a whole. The people were separated by both class and location through oppression and progress. Hautefaye was a small village in France that was filled with agrarian peasants. It also had some aristocrats who mingled amongst the population without worry. This was controversial because the urban bourgeoisie did not socialize with the urban poor. The nobility that lived in Hautefaye had owned their property for generations. The rural village, like most villages in France, liked to host fairs where the peasants gathered in economic and social activity. The fairs were supervised by government supplied gendarmes. Fairs were known for their violence. Men took part in fairs and they drank alcohol, which was the main festive beverage. For this reason, the alcohol sometimes got the best of the men and fights were common throughout the fairgrounds. Young boys got to follow their fathers around and learn the ways of a man. The economic activity that went on at fairs was stimulating to the community and helpful to those who took part. Propaganda became a key source in swaying the masses. The bourgeoisie used it to portray the nobility as bad and arrogant. Our textbook says...
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...It can be argued that British women had come a long way by August 1914 in terms of women’s suffrage and something that had been unimaginable to men and women alike only a few decades before had become a distinct possibility by August 1914. By the end of the 19th century, some progress had already been made towards women getting the vote. As early as 1865, John Stuart Mill, a man who was known to support women’s suffrage, was elected into the House of Commons as an MP. He continued to support the cause as an MP; presenting a petition that had been put together by Barbara Bodichon and accompanying it with a speech in support of female suffrage. It was him that also suggested that the 1867 Reform Act be amended so that it would allow suitably qualified women to vote on equal terms to men. Though this amendment was outvoted in the end, for the first time, female suffrage was on the parliamentary agenda and had been discussed seriously. In 1870, Richard Pankhurst introduced the first Women’s Suffrage Bill into the House of Commons in the form of a Private Members Bill. This passed its first two readings and was only defeated when the Liberal Prime Minister, William Gladstone, made it clear that the Government would not support the Bill, let alone take action on it. More bills were introduced into The House of Commons throughout the 1870s and succeeded in gaining a majority on a few occasions but the government prevented them from passing into law each time. Real progress was...
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...educational work. As was said in a parliamentary debate in 1872, “we regard women as something to admire, to love . . . . she is the silver lining which lights the cloud of man’s existence.” Therefore, for many men there was no place for women in politics. Such attitudes of the majority MPs and working class men in British society delayed women’s suffrage as for it to occur they needed the support of the ‘dominant’ and powerful group in society i.e. Men. Female attitudes towards votes for women Very few women initially supported women’s fight for suffrage. In fact many women were strongly against giving women the vote or any form of education for women or rights. As Sarah Sewell, herself opposed to women’s suffrage said, “profoundly educated women rarely make good wives or mothers.” She continued that such educated women, “seldom have much knowledge of pies and puddings . . . . nor do they enjoy the interesting work of attending to small children.” Therefore, in her and many other women’s eyes, many well off middle class women were not even capable to be a mother never mind have the vote. Queen Victoria was also greatly against women’s suffrage and...
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...The Suffrage Movement in the Bahamas had its origins in the emerging Black middle-class of the "over-the-hill" area of Nassau. Notable women such as Dame Doris Johnson, Mary Ingraham, Eugenia Lockhart, Mabel Walker and Georgianna Symonette has made countless triumphs toward the equal rights of all women in the Bahamas in The Women’s Suffrage Movement. This movement’s main purpose was to ensure that all women would have a right to practice the franchise. Sir Randol Fawkes described the struggle for the enfranchisement of women in his book, “The Faith That Moved the Mountain”. where he states, "More than half of the adult population of the Bahamas - the women - still remained voteless. In 1958, they lagged far behind their male counterparts in the field of human rights. The chief roadblocks to full citizenship for Bahamian women were the traditional attitudes of men and women towards their respective roles in society, the lack of equal training and education, vocational guidance and counseling in the school, the division of the labour market into traditionally male and female sectors, and lack of child-care facilities for working mothers". Sir Randol detailed other disadvantages women faced including the inheritance law of primogeniture and the inadequate maintenance laws for child support. However, this is not the only thing that resulted in the hard work of the women apart of this movement. In fact, even the amount of times you could have voted and the men’s vote was affected...
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...Backward (2000-1887) When Edward Bellamy wrote his book Looking Backward (1887), he wasn’t trying to be part of the political scene but to merely write a fantasy novel. What came after the publication of his novel was the creation of more than 160 Nationalist-clubs, most notably Clubs that were advocating women suffrage. Edward Bellamy was seen by some as a male feminist who exfoliated the capitalist industrial movement of that time and wanted to paint a picture of a socialist utopia where everything was state owned and equally distributed. His book was not intended to be a blueprint for a political movement. I have to note that I did not read the book but various essays on the book and its impact on women suffrage. I feel that the book was written at a crucial time and although it wasn’t asking questions, it sparked a new way of thinking how society should be run. I believe we are all made equal and that everyone has a role in the development, upkeep and sustainability of society. Edward Bellamy’s had the same idea in mind in terms of equal distribution of labor and benefits. I will discuss what women suffrage is and the impact the book had. Women’s suffrage movement was a key issue in the 19th century around the world. Women were confined to their homes with duties that were given to them by their biology. They were seen as fragile and emotional so their role in society was limited to child bearing, taking care of the home and not outside in the public eye where they could...
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...doubled the British electorate and gave one in three men living in towns the vote if they were property owners or paid an annual rent of over £10. This was a step towards democracy however, although a greater number of men were now liable to vote the electorate system was still dominated by middle classes and voting remained open to bribery and corruption. The 1884 Reform Act proposed further parliamentary reform, allowing working class men living in the countryside the same voting rights as those in towns; thus ensuring the electorate was further doubled to almost 5million. Universal suffrage was quickly evolving and political parties faced increasing pressure. The rapid extension of the franchise stimulated differentiating political ideology and this aided democracy as voters were given more choice, however not all adults held the right the right to vote. Historian TC Smout argued that “some 40%of the adult males in...
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...as a child was not extraordinary, she lead a regular life. However, what she became in adult life challenges some curiosity. She was an American reformer and well recognized leader worldwide. The work, in which Susan B Anthony devoted her life to, perhaps her most memorable contribution, was her struggle with striving for women’s rights. What was it about Susan B Anthony that made her a strong persuasive, dignified individual of the nineteenth century society? After becoming the headmaster of the Kenyon boarding school, when Eunice Kenyon fell sick. Susan B Anthony had her first taste of freedom. Susan B Anthony would no longer bow to the authority of others. It was at this very moment when Susan B Anthony decided to set herself apart from other woman and become an individual who fought for universal rights. Some may have ask themselves why? “Not because she was robbed of her personal identity and independence, but because she had experienced a progression into independence that she became to see as essential for all women. The spark, which lit Susan B Anthony‘s fire. It begin in 1852 in Albany, New York while attending a temperance rally where she quickly learned that she would not be permitted to speak because she was simply just a woman. Now setting out to conquer her destiny. Susan B Anthony over the next several years would not only fight for women’s suffrage, but for universal suffrage as well. She combated the low income of women by pioneering for economic independence....
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...people of Hong Kong must resist the foreign invasion of our rights, privileges and lifestyles that mainland government is attempting to forcibly impose upon us. Despite the policy being regarded as “universal suffrage”, I feel the need to clarify its definition to those who support this lie. Universal Suffrage is when all adult citizens of Hong Kong are able to partake in a fair election of any candidates from any political party or background. You must truly be naive if you believe that this is what the new ‘democratic’ system China offers in 2017 encapsulates any ideas of true democracy or universal suffrage. Does anyone here today truly believe that the Hong Kong government, our government, intend to offer us true democracy? I very much doubt CY Leung himself believes what he’s saying. Sweeping issues under the carpet seems the be the chief executive’s forte. Democracy and universal suffrage seems to play second fiddle in his priorities, as he must prefer to plaster his disastrous family life onto the mass media. Refusing meetings and any rational discussion is by no means desired qualities from a so called leader of a city, but then again, we didn’t choose him did we? A mock democratic system whereby an elected Chinese puppet are our only options, is by no means universal suffrage. Ergo, we must resist this blatant corrupt system, and fight for Hong Kong’s democracy. As the last holy grail of freedom within the net of expanding Chinese territory, we must ensure we safeguard...
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...Elizabeth wrote a Declaration of Sentiments, which she duplicated on the Declaration of Independence, to describe the equality of men and women and propose resolutions, including female suffrage. After Seneca Falls, Stanton was being asked to speak all over for women’s rights meetings and convention and even when she wasn’t able to make them she sent her speech on the issue to be given. It was the start that would soon change the world for...
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... civil rights, wars and migrations. A clear and inevitable modification to the concept of citizenship was the right to vote, a gigantic leap from the colonial period to the 1790s. Where on its beginning, American colonist adopted the English qualifications to vote, even though this varied from colony to colony. The right to a ballot in the colonies was exclusively to adult, free, resident, males and freeholder; meaning that owned a certain piece of land and therefore, had a permanent stability in society. Also, these freeholders paid taxation. Parliament leader Henry Ireton declared “is that those who shall choose the lawmakers shall be men freed from dependence...
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...as a child was not extraordinary, she lead a regular life. However, what she became in adult life challenges some curiosity. She was an American reformer and well recognized leader worldwide. The work, in which Susan B Anthony devoted her life to, perhaps her most memorable contribution, was her struggle with striving for women’s rights. What was it about Susan B Anthony that made her a strong persuasive, dignified individual of the nineteenth century society? After becoming the headmaster of the Kenyon boarding school, when Eunice Kenyon fell sick. Susan B Anthony had her first taste of freedom. Susan B Anthony would no longer bow to the authority of others. It was at this very moment when Susan B Anthony decided to set herself apart from other woman and become an individual who fought for universal rights. Some may have ask themselves why? “Not because she was robbed of her personal identity and independence, but because she had experienced a progression into independence that she became to see as essential for all women. The spark, which lit Susan B Anthony‘s fire. It begin in 1852 in Albany, New York while attending a temperance rally where she quickly learned that she would not be permitted to speak because she was simply just a woman. Now setting out to conquer her destiny. Susan B Anthony over the next several years would not only fight for women’s suffrage, but for universal suffrage as well. She combated the low income of women by pioneering for economic independence....
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...The first ever woman's rights convention was held I Seneca Falls in July of 1848. Elizabeth Cady Stanton made her first public statement for women's suffrage. Her call to her to action was codified in the groundbreaking piece of literature known as the declaration of sentiments. This moment in history marks the beginning of the woman's right's movement. The beginnings of the Seneca Falls Convention drawback to the anti-slavery movement, or more specifically the World's Anti-slavery Convention of 1840. The British abolitionist had denied female representation at the convention. Stanton and Mott, who were in attendance of this convention, decided to organize a protest convention back in the states. It would take several years for Stanton and...
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...Edexcel A2 Political Ideologies 1 Liberalism A Short-answer questions 1 Distinguish between economic liberalism and social liberalism. • Economic liberalism means both classical liberalism and neo-liberal economic theory. • Its core idea is the notion of the self-regulating market, based on Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’ and the belief that the market tends towards long-term equilibrium. • Individuals are seen as rational, self-interested and largely self-sufficient; and market competition ensures choice and consumer responsiveness as well as efficiency and growth. • In line with the principle of laissez-faire, the state should leave the economy alone because state intervention is likely to have more economic disadvantages than advantages. • Economic liberalism is associated with negative freedom. • Social liberalism, by contrast, is modern liberalism, also sometimes known as welfare liberalism, associated with the belief that an unregulated market economy results in an unequal and unfair distribution of wealth. • The state, therefore, has important social responsibilities, especially in safeguarding individuals from the social evils that can cripple their existence: poverty, disease, unemployment etc. • Social liberalism is thus linked to a qualified form of welfarism: the desire to help people to help themselves, thus still reflecting a general liberal preference for self-reliance. • Social liberalism is associated with positive freedom...
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...Human Rights Paper One of the most undeniable and challenging foreign policy debates of the last several years has concerned the future of democracy and its role in human-rights law. The idea of Western societies encouraging democratization of non-western societies is believed to be cultural imperialism, which abuses the power of states in the developing world. However for the purpose of this paper, I view the support of democratization by Western societies as a positive approach to achieving the core significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that is supposedly recognized by all states. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created on the notion of a common human race. It represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are naturally entitled. Of the fifty-eight countries that were members of the United Nations in 1948, forty-eight countries initially approved the document. Essentially all of the world’s states have approved it since then, which indicates that in any event its principle articles should be used by all states as an instrument in binding international law in spite of the presence of treaty ratification or state of war. Considering the fact that most countries have agreed to abide by the Declaration of Human Rights, it can be assumed that all states would have the intention to accomplish that in the best way possible. With the intentions of protecting essential human rights, the promotion of democratization...
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...There exists not only theory, concept or model of democracy, but clearly a pluralism or plurality of different theories and models. The concept of "democracy" is contestable. It is understood by many people to mean a form of government in which a significant portion of the governed society has a franchise to elect members of the governing body. Other observers would argue that a "true" democracy is a system of government that embraces a universal adult franchise. While flaws exist in all democratic systems of government, most advocates accept Churchill's dictum that contemporary democracy as we know it is the least bad of all systems of government. What is democracy? The popular understanding of the term "democracy" is that there are three basic forms: direct, representative and constitutional. Direct democracy is a form of government in which the right to participate in making political decisions is exercised directly by all citizens, acting under procedures of majority rule. Representative democracy is a form of government in which the citizens exercise the same right of participation in making political decisions, not in person but through elected representatives. Constitutional democracy developed to counter this possibility and is a form of representative democracy in which the powers of the majority are enshrined in constitutional provisions designed to guarantee the individual and collective rights of all citizens. There is an abundant literature relating to democracy...
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