...Universal Gravitation Objectives * Compare and contrast gravitational force vectors as mass and distance are changed. (Explorations 1, 2, and 3) * Discover how changes in the distance between two objects affects the gravitational force between them. (Explorations 1, 2, and 3) * Describe how changes in the masses of two objects affects the gravitational force between them. (Explorations 1, 2, and 3) Description of Activity In this activity, you will explore how distance and mass affect the gravitational force between two objects. You will select one of three locations to work within: a 9 m2 room, a 9 × 104 m2 city block, or a 9 × 1022 m2 region of space. You will also change the mass of each object as well as manipulate the positions of both objects. For purposes of this simulation, masses will be represented as spheres and the distance between them will be the distance between their centers. Jump Start 1. What is mass? Mass is the amount of matter an object has. 2. Describe gravitational force. Gravitational force is the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface. 3. How can you tell if one variable is directly proportional to another variable? Two variables are said to be directly proportional if an increase or decrease in one variable causes simultaneous increase or decrease in another variable. 4. How can you tell if one variable is inversely...
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...Cover page: Unit 2 Lab 2.1.1 States of Matter . Survey of the Sciences Week 2 Assignment 2 – Lab 2.1.1 – States of Matter Date of assignment: 12/18/2013 Date turned in: 01/15/2014 Liquid at over 650K | Liquid under 650K | The molecules appear to be faster and more spread apart | Molecules are even faster, mostly touching and mostly compact | Gas at over 1540K | Gas at under 300K | Faster and mostly apart and randomly touching | Slower, more clustered and in ring shapes and mostly touching with less space apart | Solid at 350 – 360K and over 600K | Solid at under 10K | Moving from one position to another at accelerated pace but mostly touching at an even faster rate and mostly spread apart | Less movement, but still clustered and connected in ring forms | Solid is at 157K and appears to be moving slower and less close but compact in rings. Liquid is at 328K and appears to be closely bonded but moving around much faster. Gas is at 809K and appears to be moving much faster and occupying more space than solid and liquid. But when the temperature is reduced to about 97K the rate of movement decreases and the molecules get more clustered and compact, the reaction in liquid is almost the same as gas when the temperature is reduced to the same 97K. The reaction in solid liquid and gas stages of water are almost constant at a reduced temperature of 97K. Only the solid state resembles itself in heated and cooled stages. The others have different resemblance. In...
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...was one of their main promoters. They are using a lot of rhetorical techniques like ethos, pathos and logos to catch consumers’ attention. Its successful visual appealing makes consumers cannot escape even take a glance of it and want to buy their products. Briefly Introduce the Visual Content of the Ads 1. This advertisement is a Nike advertisement in the old time. 2. It shows a famous basketball player, Michael Jordan, in the air about to most finish off a slam dunk. There are two lines of words in large size on the top right of the advertisement, showing “Michael Jordan: 1, Isaac Newton: 0” this shows that Michael Jordan is basically defying gravity by being that high up in the air. Thus, this goes against Newton’s law of Universal gravitation. 3. Below these two lines, there is a logo of Nike Company----a check mark. The whole design of this ad is very simple and clear. Rhetorical Analysis of the Ads: Ethos, Pathos and Logos. Ethos: 1. The use of ethos is clearly delineated by endorse Michael Jordan. 2. He is a world famous basketball star and has a good reputation. 3. He is wearing Nike shoes in the ad and Jumping that high in the air. His reputation makes audiences and consumers to believe the high quality of Nike shoes. 4. The Jordan ad carried a secondary effect that the capacity to relate to the consumer. We all know that Michael Jordan came from a poor family and went on to become the best in his sport, followed by fame and riches. That was an instant...
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...Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 in Lincolnshire, England. His father had died two months before his birth. When he was three, Newton’s mother got remarried, and he stayed with his grandmother. He was not interested in the family farm, so he was sent to Cambridge University to study. Isaac Newton explained the workings of the universe through mathematics. He formulated laws of motion and gravitation. These laws are math formulas that explain how objects move when a force acts on them. Isaac Newton used three laws to explain the way objects move. They are often called Newton’s Laws. The first law states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a nonzero force. An object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a nonzero force. In other words, an object that is not being pushed or pulled by some force will stay still, or will keep moving in the same direction at a steady speed. The tendency of an object to remain still, or keep moving in one direction at a steady speed is called inertia. The second law explains that an object’s acceleration depends on its mass and on the net force acting on it. Basically, it explains how a force acts on an object. An object accelerates in the direction the force is moving it. The third law states that if an object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object. In...
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...If you haven’t started the simulation already click here to start the simulation. Then answer the questions below. Please insert your answers to each question in the gray boxes immediately after the question to make it clear to the grader which question you are answering. I After the simulation loads click Start. Describe what you see in this simple sun-planet system. Specifically, what happens to the central object (the Sun)? The sun begins to move Can you explain why the central object moves? HINT: Is gravitational attraction only the star pulling on the planet? Gravitational forces between it and the planet are pulling it. Does the planet orbit in a perfect circle? Is the sun at the center? It orbits in an elliptical and the sun is off to the side. Why don’t the objects move in a straight line as described in Newton’s first law? II Make it so Set the “Position x” of body 2 to be a value between 30 and 300 and move the “Accurate/Fast” bar to the far left. Through trial and error experimentation, determine the minimum initial speed (Velocity y) that will allow body 2 to get around the sun (rather than crashing into it). You must click the reset button to change the velocity each time. Record that minimum speed and the position you chose in the box below. minimum speed = position = Click reset and then set the “Position x” of body 2 to a value between 30 and 300 (your choice!). This will be the radius r, of your circular orbit. Through trial and...
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...the force is needed so as to change the motion of the body was discovered. After that, a great scientist was to improve all the previously accepted theories, this scientist was Newton who was to make decisive advances in understanding gravity. In his first law, Newton said that a body in state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line will keep on moving unless acted upon by a force, while in his second theory, Newton expressed his first law in a more quantitative way as he said that force acting on a body is the rate of change of its momentum which can be put in a rule as F= ma. Where (F) is the force acting on the body while “a” and “m” are the acceleration and inertial mass of the body respectively. Newton also made the law of gravitation in which he expressed the gravitational force of attraction between any two bodies acting along the line joining them as F=Gm1m2/2r2...
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...Name __________________ Gravitational Lab Go http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=My_Solar_System and click on Run Now. I After the simulation loads click Start. Describe what you see in this simple sun-planet system. Specifically, what happens to the central object (the Sun)? Can you explain why the central object moves? HINT: Is gravitational attraction only the sun pulling on the planet? Does the planet orbit in a perfect circle? Is the sun at the center? In the simplest sun-planet system the Sun has a much larger mass (20X) than the planet. The planet is orbiting around the Sun in an elliptical orbit. The reason for this elliptical orbit is because gravity force of the bodies is acting on each other. The Sun's gravity keeps the planet from traveling off into space, and the planet's gravity acts on the much more massive sun causing it to have its own circular path instead of being just a stationary point. Mathematically, the force of gravity can be expressed as Force= G*(ml*m2/rA2), where G is the gravitational constant, ml is the mass of one object, m2 is the mass of a second object, and r is the distant between the two objects. II Click Stop and then select 3 bodies. Then Start Sketch a complete cycle (orbit) Watch the ‘funny’ object closely What is it doing? Describe and explain. Could this be the Earth/Moon/Sun system? (Try un-checking Show Traces.) Is there anything you are...
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...Leaving Cert Physics Long Questions: 4. Circular Motion and SHM (all higher level) Remember to photocopy 4 pages onto 1 sheet by going A3→A4 and using back to back on the photocopier 2015 - 2002 Solutions begin on page 7 Circular Motion 2012 Question 12 (a) An Olympic hammer thrower swings a mass of 7.26 kg at the end of a light inextensible wire in a circular motion. In the final complete swing, the hammer moves at a constant speed and takes 0.8 s to complete a circle of radius 2.0 m. (i) What is the angular velocity of the hammer during its final swing? (ii) Even though the hammer moves at a constant speed, it accelerates. Explain. (iii) Calculate the acceleration of the hammer during its final swing (iv) Calculate the kinetic energy of the hammer as it is released. 2011 Question 6 (c) A simple merry-go-round consists of a flat disc that is rotated horizontally. A child of mass 32 kg stands at the edge of the merry-go-round, 2.2 metres from its centre. The force of friction acting on the child is 50 N. Draw a diagram showing the forces acting on the child as the merry-go-round rotates. What is the maximum angular velocity of the merry-go-round so that the child will not fall from it, as it rotates? If there was no force of friction between the child and the merry-go-round, in what direction would the child move as the merry-go-round starts to rotate? 2006 Question 6 (i) Define velocity. (ii) Define angular velocity. (iii) Derive the relationship...
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...connection with each other. But for electric and magnetic force, the sources of magnetic fields are electrical currents, caused by moving electric charges or small dipoles associated with molecular and atomic structure. So, there is electromagnetic force that electromagnetism exists in the universe. However, these forces actually have connections with each other instead of non-connection relationship. In fact, gravity is not the subordinate relationship with electromagnetism but the similar ones. All magnetic forces on matter are also proportional to the electric charge on that matter, but also depend on the velocity of the matter. Hence, like electric forces, they are not proportional to the mass. Hence, any attribution of gravitation to electromagnetism is not possible in the current paradigms of physics. This article seeks the question that whether the gravity is the product of...
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...a. Management principles are universal in nature explain (5marks) NATURE OF MANAGEMENT To understand the basic nature of management, it must be analysed in terms of art and science, in relation to administration, and as a profession, in terms of managerial skills and style of managers. Management is Combination of Art and Science Management knowledge exhibits characteristics of both art and science, the two not mutually exclusive but supplementary. Every discipline of art is always backed by science which is basic knowledge of that art. Similarly, every discipline of science is complete only when it is used in practice for solving various kinds of problems faced by human beings in an organisation or in other fields of social life which is more related to an art. Art basically deals with an application of knowledge personal skill and know-how in a specific situation for efficiently achieving a given objective. It is concerned with the best way of doing things and is consequently, personalised in nature. During the primitive stages of development of management knowledge, it was considered as an art. There was a jungle of managerial knowledge. It was not codified and systemised. People used it to get things done by others, in their own way giving an impression that whosoever uses it, knows the art of using it. This kind of loose and inadequate understanding of management supported the view that it was an art. Management as a Science Science means a systematic body of knowledge...
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...|[pic] | |Author(s): Nathan McCray |Date: 06/24/2013 | |Title of Lesson: Kepler’s 3rd Law (Law of planetary motion) |Grade Level: 8 – 12+ | |Core Components | |Subject, Content Area or Topic: | |Physics, Electronics, Science, Math | |National/State Standards: (Assign as needed based on your state standards) | | | | | |Common Core Standards: (Assign as needed based on your state requirements) | ...
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...Theory/Law Many Students tend to intermingle the two terms law and theory. A law can be explained as a tested observation that has perfect reliability without explanation of the origin. It is the knowledge of something in nature but without the explanation of how it came to be. For instance the Universal Law of Gravitation is a principle regularity of how two particles attract each other. Whereas a theory may be explained as an extension of a hypothesis intended to explain something in nature. For example The Big Bang Theory is a hypothesis that has gained attention and evidence to support it. Mayonnaise Experiment In my double blind study to test my hypothesis that mayonnaise facials cause warts in humans I will have two different groups, my control group and experimental group. The subjects who get the Mayonnaise facials will be in the experimental group and the subjects who receive a traditional facial crème will be the control group. The doctor or scientist in charge should not be informed of which group is the receiving the mayonnaise facials, this will cause neither the subject nor the researchers to form any unconscious bias. The experiment should consist of multiple races to show any other variables. This experiment will last one month with weekly reports from the subjects based on how the experiment is going if there are any side effects or if the facial seems to be working. FDA does not label milk that has been produced with hormone treatment. Since:...
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...PHYSICS HISTORY OF PHYSICS Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις physis meaning "nature") is the fundamental branch of science that developed out of the study of nature and philosophy known, until around the end of the 19th century, as "natural philosophy". Today, physics is ultimately defined as the study of matter, energy and the relationships between them. Physics is, in some senses, the oldest and most basic pure science; its discoveries find applications throughout the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world. The other sciences are generally more limited in their scope and may be considered branches that have split off from physics to become sciences in their own right. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics. Ancient history Elements of what became physics were drawn primarily from the fields of astronomy, optics, and mechanics, which were methodologically united through the study of geometry. These mathematical disciplines began in antiquity with the Babylonians and with Hellenistic writers such as Archimedes and Ptolemy. Ancient philosophy, meanwhile – including what was called "physics" – focused on explaining nature through ideas such as Aristotle's four types of "cause". MAJOR FIELDS Branches of physics Physics deals with the combination of matter and energy. It also deals with a wide variety of systems, about which theories have been developed that are used by physicists...
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...returns to its original shape after the stress that made it deform is removed (Elasticity, para. 1). Elasticity was first studied in the late seventeenth century by the English scientist Robert Hooke (16351703). He made observations about elasticity using metal springs and eventually developed what is known as Hooke’s Law: The restoring force exerted by an elastic object is proportional to how far it has been distorted from its equilibrium state. Everything we associate with springs, has some place in the behavior of balls (Bloomfield, p.69). When a ball or a spring returns to its equilibrium state, it releases stored energy. Isaac Newton and the Law of Universal Gravitation: Isaac Newton (16431727) studied gravity and its effects on falling objects. He is most famous for the three laws of motion. Newton’s law of universal gravitation states that every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force pointing along the line intersecting both points. The earth’s gravity exerts a downward force on the ball, called the ball’s weight. Its weight causes the ball to accelerate downward (Bloomfield p. 10). Reasoning: What does elastic mean? When a rubber band gets stretched it returns to its original shape. What is something that is not elastic? When a piece of bubble gum gets stretched, it stays stretched. It does not return to its original shape. When a ball hits the floor, the energy of the collision is stored as a physical deformation of the ball (On the Rebound, 2011 para...
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...PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Religious tradition • Religious traditions make it their task to impart a definite doctrine, and to preserve it, pure and unchanged. • It is the task of a school to hand on the tradition, the doctrine of its founder, its first master, to the next generation in its inviolate form. Religious tradition • A school of this kind never admits a new idea. • New ideas are heresies, and lead to schisms. • But the heretic claims, as a rule, that his is the true doctrine of the founder. • All changes of doctrine, if any, are surreptitious changes. Religious tradition • School founded by Pythagoras had the character of religious order, with a characteristic way of life and a secret doctrine. • A member of that school was drowned at sea because he revealed certain secret doctrines. Critical Tradition • School of Thales (Ionians) allowed or encouraged critical discussion between various schools and within one and the same school. • Thales seems to have been able to tolerate criticism and what is more, he seems to have created the tradition that we ought to tolerate criticism. Critical Tradition • This tradition leads to the realization that our attempts to see and find the truth are not final, but open to improvement. Criticism and critical discussion are our only means of getting nearer to the truth. Critical Tradition • Philosophy may be defined as a search for truth that involves following arguments and evidence, without recourse to authority...
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