...Urbanization Insert Name Here Insert Affiliation Here Urbanization/CASE Urbanization refers to the reallocation from a rustic to an urban social order due to shifts in global variants. It is a product of economic, political and social advancement that has paved the way for the emergence of large metropolis, cause a spike in the population density of the region. A survey predicted that half of the earth’s inhabitants would reside in urban centers towards the end of 2008 (United Nations). Intimately connected to the processes of modernization, industrialization and rationalization, the phenomenon has it genesis in the Renaissance period. Continuous attacks by the Turks caused the Christians to migrate from the east to the west of Europe. Consequently, the volume of trade rose and European cities besides the coastline progresses impressively. An additional push was given to urbanization upon the advent of the Industrial Revolution; the population density of European and American cities continued to intensify. For instance, the city of Chicago saw it population rise from fifteen individuals to over twenty million in a timeframe of seventy eight year. Yet, the phenomenon took hold of the Asian and African region only after sovereignty from colonial subjugation; in the first and second half of the 20th century, respectively (Howard Gillette Jr.). As mentioned before, the process of urbanization takes place when individuals abandon their rural lifestyle and migrate to...
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...MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: URBANIZATION IN AFRICA BY: SOLOMON T. JOHNSON 2012/1/41096MT COURSE: URBAN PLANNING SUBMITTED TO: DR. DUKIYA ABSTRACT Africa is urbanizing fast. Its rate of urbanization soared from 15 percent in 1960 to 40 percent in 2010, and is projected to reach 60 percent in 2050 (UN Habitat 2010). Urban populations in Africa are expected to triple in the next 50 years, changing the profile of the region, and challenging policy makers to harness urbanization for sustainable and inclusive growth. Although many have written about the phenomena, what is clear to us is that is impossible to deal with Africa’s growth and poverty challenges without managing urbanization. Urbanization is not a subȬ plot, but rather the main policy narrative for Africa. URBANIZATION IN AFRICA Challenges and Opportunities: Africa is urbanizing fast. Its rate of urbanization soared from 15 percent in 1960 to 40 percent in 2010, and is projected to reach 60 percent in 2050 (UN Habitat 2010). Urban populations in Africa are expected to triple in the next 50 years, changing the profile of the region, and challenging policy makers to harness urbanization for sustainable and inclusive growth. Although many have written about the phenomena, what is clear to us is that is impossible to deal with Africa’s growth and poverty challenges without managing urbanization. Urbanization is not a subȬ plot, but rather the main policy narrative for Africa. Along...
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...Urbanization in simple terms is the rapid and massive growth of cities as the migration of people from the countryside in search of better jobs and living conditions occurs. Migration is defined as the long-term relocation of an individual, household or group to a new location outside the community of origin. As the process of internal migration increases within a country large masses of people are gathering in the densely populated and highly structured settlements of a country. Consequently, cities are growing significantly in size and number with the continuation of mass migration. At the start of the 20th century only about 17.8% of the entire population of a third world country lived in a city, but today the proportion of urban and rural dwellers is approximately equal, in-fact today 3 Billion of the world’s population are urban residents, accounting for half the world’s population at the rate of a 180,000 people moving into cities each day (60 Million a year). It is projected that at this rate many of the cities in developing regions of the world such as Africa and Asia may double in size to compensate to this process. Rapid urbanization has presented a series of issues in the third world and has thus been a leading factor in shaping third world politics. Urbanization in the third world has drastically increased by as much as 50% over the last century. For instance Bangladesh has an urbanization rate of 3.5% resulting in 27% of the country’s population being urban settlers;...
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...Group Presentation Report On topic: How and Why Industrialization, Population and Urbanization are related: Social Relations, Social Control and Law? Student: Yen Hoang Keuka College How and Why Industrialization, Population and Urbanization are related: Social Relations, Social Control and Law? Industrialization, Population Growth and Urbanization are in dynamic relationship with each other that also has been contributing to change various aspects of Social Relations, Social Control and Law. America is taken as the typical example illustrating this topic because this country is one of the pioneers starting up those processes and witnessing their pros and cons in spectacular aspects. First of all, industrialization is the transformation from an agricultural an industrial society, in which the new technology as well as mechanization of industry is dominant. It first took place in Britain from the middle of the 18th to the early 19th century and presented a prototype for industrial revolution spreading throughout Western Europe and North America afterwards. The greatest significance of this process is that it replaced manual labor by machinery as well as mechanical production took the place of manual production. Furthermore, the industrialization was made possible by the great, incredible and numerous inventions, such as steam engine technology, electric power, cotton gin, elevators, telegraph code, telephone, railroads, steel mills, refrigerator, washing machines...
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...Urbanization is defined as a population shift from rural areas to urban areas. Due to China’s economic boom, China is currently experiencing a rapid movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. The article, “The End of Agricultural in China” estimates that one-quarter of China’s rural population, about 200 million people, are moving to urban areas in search of work. This movement of people has resulted in urban areas having to expand to in order to accommodate the increase in population. But as a law of physics states, with every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore as urban areas increase in size and population this has resulted in rural areas both decreasing in size and in population. As globalization becomes more common, many businesses and companies have looked to China as a country that shows a great potential for expansion and investment. As a result China is experiencing a tremendous growth in their economy. Urban areas in China have expanded with new buildings and factories being built to keep up with demand. But this urban expansion has come at the cost of losing agricultural land. Many farmers who owned land in rural areas are losing their land as the government has mandated the land be sold to the state so the state can then turnaround and sell it to companies looking to build factories in China. This had led to farmland that was once abundant with agricultural crops, now being used to house factories. As the article states, seizure...
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...THE PROCESS AND PATTERN OF URBANIZATION AND LABOUR MIGRATION IN NIGERIA By Anyaele Samuel O. Mabogunje (1968), defined urbanization as the process whereby human beings congregates in relatively large number at one particular spot of the earth surface. The particular spot is refered to urban centers. Urbanization simply put, is a demographical phenomenon charaterized with the movement of people from the rural settings to permanently dwell in the city (urban areas). Labour migration on the other hand, is the process through which an individual move from an administrative territorial community to another community in order to gain an employment. There are two types of labour migration namely; the contemporary labour migration which is also refered to as oversea or contract workers. Here, an individual migrates for a little period in order to send money back home. And the highly skilled and business migrants; here, people with qualifications like executives, technicians, professionals and its similar prowless move within the international or national labour market to gain employment. Urbanization process are those factors that facilitates a place to turn into urban center. These factors includes; migration (PUSH – PULL FACTORS), natural increase, government policies, exchange of trade etc. MIGRATION- migration is a rational movement that invovles a change in place of residence across a defined geo-political boundary. Migration is age, sex, destination and reason selective. Factors...
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...Latin- America and the African Cities, but East Asia's major urban areas are generally safer than large Americans. Race also plays a role in regards to being poor. Contemporary Third World urbanization differs from the West's earlier urban explosion into important respects. Many of the poor who are unable to find work in the so-called formal sectors of the urban economy (the government and more modern, private-sector enterprise) turn to the informal economy for jobs (Handleman 2011). FACTS AND FIGURES ON POVERTY A quarter of the world's population, 1.3 billion people, lives in severe poverty... • Nearly 800 million people do not get enough food, and about 500 million people are chronically malnourished. More than a third of children are malnourished. • In industrial countries more than 100 million people live below the poverty line, more than 5 million people are homeless and 37 million are jobless. • Of the world's 23 million people living with HIV/AIDS more than 93% live in developing countries. • More than 840 million adults are illiterate - 538 million of them are women. • In developing countries 160 million pre-school children are underweight. Employment The search for Employment in Urban areas, According to (Handleman 2011), and Contemporary Third World urbanization differs from the West’s earlier urban explosion in two important respects. One (1) way is the number of migrants and the size of the Third World cities, the Second (2); it occurred in an era...
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...The Health, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Urbanization in the Philippines Introduction As described by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2007), “The world is undergoing the largest wave of urban growth.” More than half of the world’s population now lives in urban areas. This global phenomenon is happening across different regions and development levels in the world. Richer countries in Europe and the Americas already large percentage of their population live in towns and cities, while developing countries in Africa and Asia, still a large percentage of their population lives in rural areas, however urbanizing faster than developed countries. The landscape of human settlement is changing due to these global trends, with significant effects on health, living conditions, the environment, and development across the world. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the health, economic and environmental impacts of urbanization in the Philippines. What is Urbanization? Urbanization is defined as “the process by which an increasing proportion of the population comes to live in urban areas” (Yassi et al, 2011, p. 293). Many theories of development view urbanization and industrialization as interdependent processes of modern economics. However, according to Gollin et al (2013, p. 2), these two concepts are not synonymous, and they argue that there is not a strong association between urbanization and industrialization specifically among developing countries...
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...Studies about the revitalization of cities always tend to focus on larger cities. But, the challenges, which are unique to small towns, are not often recognized or addressed. Universities (i.e. Renmin University) in China seek to overcome the past tendency to research on urbanization issues as discrete problems. Their goal is to identify feasible options by which urbanization will grow through localization. Universities in China will use their expertise to strengthen their engagement in contributing to rural policy development. In China the spatial policy framework approach provides the opportunity to deal with uncoordinated and unbalanced regional development. Government is the sole decision maker and often the facts are suppressed by the...
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...a) Briefly discuss the effects of gentrification [9m] Effects • Social and economic polarization • The upward spiral of desirability and increasing rents and property values(erodes the qualities that began attracting new people in the first place • Displacement of that community(renters(prices go up, tenants are pushed out • Arrival of new investment, new spending power, and a new tax base(increased economic activity • Rehabilitation, housing development, new shops and restaurants(higher-wage jobs (previous residents may benefit(but mostly to well-educated newcomers • Some local economic activity(forced out either by rising rents or shifting sensibilities • Industrial activities that employ local workers(viewed as a nuisance or environmental hazard • Local shops may lose their leases under pressure from posh boutiques and restaurants • Physical changes(older buildings are rehabilitated and new construction occurs • Public improvement to streets, parks, and infrastructure(new arrivals often push hard to improve the district aesthetically(codify new standards through design guidelines, historic preservation legislation, and the use of blight and nuisance laws • The social, economic, and physical impacts of gentrification(serious political conflict(exacerbated by differences in race, class, and culture • Earlier residents may feel embattled, ignored, and excluded from their own communities • New arrivals are often mystified by accusations that their...
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...International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013 ISSN 2250-3153 1 Future of Real Estate Business (Ready-made Flat) in Khulna City Feroz Ahmed *, Md. Reaz Uddin**, S. M. Rasel Ahammad*** ** * Professor, Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh Assistant Professor, Business Administration Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh *** Territory Officer, Transcom Mobile Ltd. Bangladesh Abstract- Real estate is a fast growing industry in Bangladesh. Earlier this business was concentrated in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Later on, it spreads in various major cities of the country. The present study has paid efforts to explore the future of real estate business in Khulna, a major divisional city of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from Khulna city area. Respondents were selected carefully considering their potentiality to be a flat or house owner in this city. The study has identified income of potential buyers, land price, hassle of buying a flat, developers’ performance and their trustworthiness, and availably of land will determine the future of real estate business in Khulna region. Consumers’ income has been found statistically significant. prospective customers toward real estate business and developers whether they will accept the real estate service or will construct house by own along with the probable reason behind their perception...
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...Urbanization Processes – Environmental and Health effects in Africa Panel Contribution to the PERN Cyberseminar on Urban Spatial Expansion by Kwasi Nsiah-Gyabaah, PERN Steering Committee member and Principal, Sunyani Polytechnic, Sunyani, BA, Ghana, E-mail: spolytec @yahoo.com Introduction Urbanization is increasing in both the developed and developing countries. However, rapid urbanization, particularly the growth of large cities, and the associated problems of unemployment, poverty, inadequate health, poor sanitation, urban slums and environmental degradation pose a formidable challenge in many developing countries. Available statistics show that more than half of the world’s 6.6 billion people live in urban areas, crowded into 3 percent of the earth’s land area (Angotti, 1993; UNFPA, 1993). The proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas, which was less than 5 percent in 1800 increased to 47 percent in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 percent in 2030 (United Nations, 1990; 1991). However, more than 90 percent of future population growth will be concentrated in cities in developing countries and a large percentage of this population will be poor. In Africa and Asia where urbanization is still considerably lower (40 percent), both are expected to be 54 percent urban by 2025 (UN 1995; 2002). Although urbanization is the driving force for modernization, economic growth and development, there is increasing concern about the effects of expanding cities, principally...
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...Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas which result in rural migration and even suburban concen traction into cities, particularly the very large ones . The united nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008 . By 2050it is predicted that 64.1% and 85.9% of the developing and developed world respectively will be urbanized . Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time,i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban development relative to overall population. Village culture is characterized by common bloodlines, intinate relationship and communal behavior whereas urban culture is characterized by distant bloodlines unfamiliar relations and competitive behavior. Indeed today in Asia the urban agglomerations of Dhaka, Karachi, Mumbai, Delhi, Manila seaul and Beijing are each already home to over 20 million people, while the pearl River Delta, Shanghia-Suzhou and Tokyo are forecast to approach or exceed 40 million people each within the coming decade. The rapid urbanization of the world's population over the twentieth century is described in the 2005 Revision of the UN world Urbanization report. The global pro-portion of urban population rose dramatically from 13% (220 million) in 1900, to 29% (732 million) in 1950, to 49% (3.2 billion) in 2005. The...
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...work is to look into urbanization trend in Pakistan and its socio-economic implications. The study would examine the effectiveness of a range of remedies applied in Pakistan, and as to how other countries are dealing with the problems arising due to urbanization. Based on analysis of the case of Pakistan and cross-country experiences, an attempt will be made to suggest remedies based on regulatory framework and various economic instruments to resolve the urbanization related issues. Urbanization is generally considered as a means and an end towards development. In Pakistan as well, the transition of a substantial portion of population to a largely urban population and the development of mega-urban regions/centers is being viewed as an engine of economic growth in the Government’s ‘New Growth Framework’. The success of this Growth Framework depends, to a large extent, on the speed with which the urban centers are transformed into dynamic, knowledge-based, productive, healthy and efficient centers. Urbanization is the process of a country becoming more industrialized from a previously agricultural dominated society; it is a cyclical process involving three essential aspects: behavior, structure and demography. Table of Contents Chapter Page 1. Introduction • Urbanization a Summary……………………………………………………………...
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...CONTEXT Mexico City has undergone rapid urbanization according to the pattern seen in many developing countries. Mexico has rapidly changed from a primarily agricultural country to one that is overly ambitious industrialization. Consequently, huge numbers of rural dwellers mainly peasant farmers and more educated young people migrated to Mexico City, making it an extremely densely populated city of nearly 14 million in 1995 and as of 2012, Urban population is 78% (94,728,228) of the total population of Mexico. With this perspective, we will be focusing in the year 1980s to 1990s where in Mexico headed into a severe economic problem due to rapid rate of urbanization or the Rural-Urban Migration. We will also look into historical account due to urbanization that leads to “Tequila” crisis that has produced a protracted credit crunch of this country. II. VIEWPOINT We are looking at the problem in the point of view of SAGARPA Ministry (Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Mexico). With this in mind, we are trying to formulate the best possible solution or courses of action that will aid to the problems of Mexico. We will be using theories and policy like the Harris-Todaro Model to have an in-depth analysis of the economic setback of this country. With this, we will be able to recommend a good, systematic, realistic and flexible action or implementation plan. III. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Rapid Urbanization in Mexico IV. OBJECTIVES General Objective:...
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