...CONSTRUCTION WASTE AND DEMOLITION WASTE What is Construction Waste??(INTRODUCTION):- Construction and demolition waste is generated whenever any construction/demolition activity takes place, such as, building roads, bridges, fly over, subway, remodelling etc. It consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable material such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood, plastics etc. A part of this waste comes to the municipal stream. These wastes are heavy, having high density, often bulky and occupy considerable storage space either on the road or communal waste bin/container. It is not uncommon to see huge piles of such waste, which is heavy as well, stacked on roads especially in large projects, resulting in traffic congestion and disruption. Waste from small generators like individual house construction or demolition, find its way into the nearby municipal bin/vat/waste storage depots, making the municipal waste heavy and degrading its quality for further treatment like composting or energy recovery. Often it finds its way into surface drains, choking them. It constitutes about 10-20 % of the municipal solid waste (excluding large construction projects). It is estimated that the construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million tons of waste annually. Projections for building material requirement of the housing sector indicate a shortage of aggregates to the extent of about 55,000 million cu.m. An additional 750 million cu.m. aggregates would be required for achieving...
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.........................6 Recycling Automotive Products ......................9 Recycling Bulky Waste ................................10 Commercial Recycling .................................11 Construction & Demolition Material .............12 Special Recycling Programs & Education ......13 Electronic Waste (E-Waste) ..........................14 Green Waste Recycling ...............................15 Recycling Hazardous Waste ........................16 Junk Mail ....................................................18 Recycling Market Development Zone ...........19 Waste Disposal Site Locations & Schedule ....20 A - Z Directory ............................................21 Illegal Dumping ..........................................30 www.KernCountyWaste.com IMPORTANT RECYCLING/ WASTE CONTACT NUMBERS Kern County Recycling Hotline ............................(661) 862-8979 Kern County Waste Management Department Local ........................................................................ (661) 862–8900 Toll-free ......................................................(800) 552–KERN option 6 ..................................................................... (800) 552–5376 option 6 TTY – ready............................................................. (800) 735–2929 Website .................................................. www.KernCountyWaste.com City of Bakersfield Solid Waste Division...........(661) 326–3114 Website ......................................................
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...urban cities each year. This migration is creating unplanned urbanization and mushrooming of slum that produces a lot of unmanageable solid waste in all major cities of Bangladesh. More over as a typical developing country, Bangladesh is experienced with mushrooming factories, tanneries and industries in the industrial areas and other unconventional areas; are contributing a significant amount of solid waste. Thus we need proper solid waste management with associated facilities and strict implementation of rules and regulations. However, the sustainability of this process depends on awareness and motivation programs, and proper monitoring and management by concerned authority. Practically, the authorities of all metropolitan cities are failed to manage the solid waste of their respective areas, mainly because of shortage of financial support and lack of willingness for overall sustainable solid waste management policies. The paper discusses about the solid waste management concept, existing practice of SWM in Chittagong, practical waste recycling, technology used in ‘Ananda-Bazar garbage treatment plant’ in Chittagong, safety measures for the workers and contribution to the economy. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To know about the Present scenario of Waste generation and waste management in Bangladesh. 2. Solid waste management in Chittagong perspective. 3. Recycling process; especially in ‘Ananda-Bazar garbage treatment plant’ in Chittagong. METHODOLOGY...
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...CHAPTER 1 SOLID WASTE – TYPES, SOURCES AND PROPERTIES Learning Objectives; At the end of this lesson, students should be able to; 1. define solid waste 2. describe different types of solid wastes 3. recognize different sources of solid wastes 4. understand and state the three physical, chemical and biological properties of solid waste 2 Introduction Solid wastes are the wastes arising from human activities and are normally solid as opposed to liquid or gaseous and are discarded as useless or unwanted. Focused on urban waste (MSW) as opposed to agricultural, mining and industrial wastes. Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is the term applied to all the activities associated with the management of society's wastes. In medieval times, wastes discarded in the streets led to the breeding of rats and the associated fleas which carried the bubonic plague. The lack of management of solid wastes thus led to the Black Plague which killed half of 14th century Europe. 22 human diseases are associated to improper solid waste management. Solid wastes also have a great potential to pollute the air and water. Mining tailings from gold and silver mines will probably being spilling arsenic into the water supply forever. Materials Flow - The best way to reduce solid wastes is not to create them in the first place. Others methods include: decrease consumption of raw material and increase the rate of recovery of waste materials. Technological advances - Increased use of plastics and fast...
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...What is recycling? 3 | Table Of contents | 3 | What is recycling? | 3 | Origins | 3,4 | Supply | 4,5 | Waste recycling in Abu Dhabi | 5 | Sorting waste | 5 | Workplace Recycling Programs | 6 | Public Recycling Venues | 6 | Government Initiatives | 7 | Distribution of Waste Bins for Villas | 7 | Underground Waste System | 7 | Tariff System for Business Establishmentsh | 8 | Conclusion | 8 | References | What is recycling? Recycling is a process using materials (waste) into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from land filling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy. Origins Recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, with recorded advocates as far back as Plato in 400 BC. During periods when resources were scarce, archaeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste (such as ash, broken tools and pottery)—implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material. Supply For a recycling program to work, having a large, stable supply of recyclable material is crucial. Three legislative options have been used to create...
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...organisms, or that damage the environment. Pollution takes place because; we process, consume and throw away a high volume of material resources at a very high rate. Then the nature’s way of reabsorbing these resources back into its structure and effectively neutralizing them is much slower than our rates of production or consumption. Hence over production; also inefficient and dirty methods of production and consumptions; careless and thoughtless disposal of post consumption waste resources are the major causes of man-cause pollution. There are fundamental drivers of the pollution; these are the major forces behind the surge in levels of air, water and land pollution throughout the globe. These are Industrialization it set in the motion the widespread use of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) which are now the mail sources of pollution. Population growth with the exploding increase in the population around the world, the demand for goods and services goes up. This demand is met by expanded production and use of natural resources, which in turn lead to higher levels of pollution. Globalization. It has become an effective facilitator of environmental degradation. Developing countries tend to have loose regulations on pollution levels thus global bigger manufacturers tend to move to these areas rather than work in the more regulated markets. The various types of pollution include: Air pollution. Is the introduction of chemical, biological materials that cause harm or discomfort...
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...http://www2.macleans.ca/ Full Text: [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] THE GREEN 30 is based on how employees perceive their employer's environmental efforts. We asked each organization that made the 2012 list, compiled by Aon Hewitt, to highlight some of the key programs and practices that earned them high marks. Here are their contributions: Accor/Novotel Canada Hotel management, Toronto * A detailed tracking system minimizes electricity, water, gas and sewer use. * A comprehensive recycling program has cut back the use of newspaper, glass, aluminum, plastics, cardboard and kitchen grease. BC Biometrical Laboratories Ltd. Medical laboratory, Surrey, B.C. * Works with recycling providers to find solutions for high-volume items--like small caps from needles, which once weren't considered recyclable. * Telecommuting is encouraged; more than 15 per cent of administrative staff work from home. Brookfield LePage Johnson Controls Real estate management, Markham, Ont. * Brookfield's head office diverts 100 per cent of its waste from landfills. * Established 11 social responsibility committees and hosted a sustainability event to educate real estate industry professionals on reducing carbon footprints. Celestica Electronics manufacturing, Toronto * Hybrid and other eco-friendly vehicles get preferred parking spots (employees and visitors). * Rather than sending wooden pallets to be recycled, Celestica pioneered a program to reuse them; last year, 5,000 pallets were reused...
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...What’s So Bad About Plastic Bags? Plastic bags are not biodegradable. They clog waterways, spoil the landscape, and end up in landfills where they may take 1,000 years or more to break down into ever smaller particles that continue to pollute the soil and water. Plastic bags also pose a serious danger to birds and marine mammals that often mistake them for food. Thousands die each year after swallowing or choking on discarded plastic bags. Finally, producing plastic bags requires millions of gallons of petroleum that could be used for transportation or heating. Consider a Personal Ban on Plastic Bags Some businesses have stopped offering their customers plastic bags, and many communities are either considering a ban on plastic bags or have already implemented one. Meanwhile, here are a couple of things you can do to help: Switch to reusable shopping bags. Reusable shopping bags made from renewable materials conserve resources by replacing paper and plastic bags. Reusable bags are convenient and come in a variety of sizes, styles and materials. When not in use, some reusable bags can be rolled or folded small enough to fit easily into a pocket. Recycle your plastic bags. If you do end up using plastic bags now and then, be sure to recycle them. Many grocery stores now collect plastic bags for recycling. If yours doesn't, check with your community recycling program to learn how to recycle plastic bags in your area. ---________________________________________...
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...Project Name: | BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENTRENT-A-DRUM SWAKOPMUND | The Proponent: | | Prepared by: | | Release Date: | February 2014 | Consultant: | C. Du ToitC. Van Der Walt Tel: 061 248 010Fax: 061 248 608Email: agrisol@mweb.com.na E-mail: carien1.vdw@gmail.com | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Description/nature of proposed activities 4 3. List of Recyclable Items 5 4. National Legislation 5 5. Bulk services and infrastructure 6 5.1 Access 6 5.2 Water supply 6 5.3 Electricity reticulation 6 5.4 Sewage disposal 6 5.5 Solid waste disposal 6 6. Purpose of the Environmental Assessment Project 6 7. Aims of the Impact Process 7 9. Environmental and Planning Issues Identified 7 10. Public Involvement Program 8 11. Newspaper Notice 8 List of Figures Figure 1: Locality 3 Figure 2: Materials being recycled 4 Figure 3: Flowchart of Recycling Process 5 THE FOLLOWING IS A BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN TO OBTAIN AN ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE FOR RENT-A-DRUM SWAKOPMUND 1. Introduction Green Earth Environmental Consultants has been appointed by Rent-A-Drum to attend to and complete an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in order to obtain an Environmental Clearance Certificate for the proposed material recovery facility (MRF) to be established and operated outside Swakopmund as per...
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...been and always will be beneficial to people, animals, and our planet. It is a given fact that our population is growing, resources are scarce, more animals are going extinct, and our planet is slowly dying. This is evident by the thinning ozone layer, deforestation, and greenhouse gases. If it’s not recycled, it gets burned or buried, neither of which is good for the environment. The EPA released a stunning statistic on greenhouse gases stating, “ In 2005, recycling was projected to avoid—through a combination of energy savings, forest carbon sequestration, and lower methane emissions—48 million metric tons of carbon emissions (MTCE), which is a standard measure of GHG emissions. This is the equivalent of taking 36 million cars off the road for one year” and that was in 2005 ( EPA, 2009, p. 1). There are multiple benefits and advantages to recycling on any level. Recycling improves the economy by...
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...Urban Waste Management Solid wastes are those organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society, which have lost their value to the first user. Improper disposal of solid wastes pollutes all the vital components of the living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and global levels. There has been a significant increase in MSW (municipal solid waste) generation in India in the last few decades. This is largely because of rapid population growth and economic development in the country. Due to rapid growth of urban population, as well as constraint in resources, the management of solid waste poses a difficult and complex problem for the society and its improper management gravely affects the public health and degrades environment. The population of Mumbai grew from around 8.2 million in 1981 to 12.3 million in 1991, registering a growth of around 49%. On the other hand, MSW generated in the city increased from 3200 ton per day to 5355 ton per day in the same period registering a growth of around 67% (CPCB 2000). This clearly indicates that the growth in MSW in our urban centers has outpaced the population growth in recent years. This trend can be ascribed to our changing lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards. Waste referred as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or unusable material. According to European councils’ directive “Waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required...
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...QUESTIONNAIRE Topic-“Human Sustains Nature Detains” Q.1)The usage of four wheelers has considerably increased in the last 15 years.Do you think it is harming the environment? a)Yes b)No c)May Be d)Not thought of A.1) Yes, the number of vehicles, not just four wheelers, has increased many folds, leading to air pollution, noise pollution and felling of trees, since more roads need to be built to accommodate the vehicular density of this city. Q.2)Do you prefer microwave cooking over gas cooking at home? a)Sometimes b)Never c)Occasionally d)Always A.2) I sometimes prefer to use the microwave for short term heating purpose only. For an extended stretch of time, always use the piped natural gas (PNG) as it is more eco-friendly. Q.3)When you go to a mall for shopping do you carry a jute bag or paper bag with you? a)Yes b)No c)Sometimes d)I prefer to purchase it A.3) I carry a bag made from fabric when I go shopping since it can reused and avoids wastage of money on new carry bags on each visit. Q.4)How much water do you consume while washing your car or two wheeler? a)4 buckets b)2 buckets c)1 bucket d)I use sponge wash A.4) A bucket or half seems essential to wash the dirt away if it is done on daily basis. Q.5)Do you reuse the leftover water in any other form? a)Sometimes b)Never c)Always d)All the water is consumed A.5) Leftover water, especially that emitted from the air-conditioners serves well to flush the toilets since it is slightly acidic in nature due to...
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...MODULE - 4 Contemporary Environmental Issues Environmental Science Senior Secondary Course Notes 10 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Developmental activities such as construction, transportation and manufacturing not only deplete the natural resources but also produce large amount of wastes that leads to pollution of air, water, soil, and oceans; global warming and acid rains. Untreated or improperly treated waste is a major cause of pollution of rivers and environmental degradation causing ill health and loss of crop productivity. In this lesson you will study about the major causes of pollution, their effects on our environment and the various measures that can be taken to control such pollutions. OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to: • • • • • • • define the terms pollution and pollutants; list various kinds of pollution; describe types of pollution, sources, harmful effects on human health and control of air pollution, indoor air pollution, noise pollution; describe water pollution, its causes and control; describe thermal pollution; describe soil pollution, its causes and control; describe radiation pollution, sources and hazards. 10.1 POLLUTION AND POLLUTANTS Human activities directly or indirectly affect the environment adversely. A stone crusher adds a lot of suspended particulate matter and noise into the atmosphere. Automobiles emit from their tail pipes oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and a complex...
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...Sustainable Cities Introduction: A sustainable city is the one, which takes care of its current citizens and also the future ones. Sustainability itself means creating an environment socially and infrastructurally viable and without harming what our future generation receives from us. As is rightly said, we have not inherited this earth from our forefathers we have borrowed it from our future generation. And thereby the future belongs to those who create an environment that is worth living today and tomorrow. To put that into perspective we have tried to put together some ideas and thoughts that could help current cities to move towards sustainability and some to create those. We have divided the city into various sections as under:- Energy: Hybrid energy system in the city:- * Energy-plus-houses (houses with solar panels to produce energy) produce more green energy than they need. Integrated community energy solutions linking houses, wind- and solar parks, biomass sites and electric vehicles are the foremost initiative towards an integrated urban energy system of the future. E.g.: Vauban, Freiburg has built houses which produce more energy than they actually consume. The aim is to making a city in which all the homes produce a positive energy balance and which is emissions-free and CO2 neutral. PlusEnergy is a coined concept developed by Rolf Disch. * Solar canals (where solar panels are placed over canal water bodies) produce energy while slowing...
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...high strength which is almost completely lost when they come in contact with water. These soils are having high degree of expansion which creates a lot of problems during the execution of work and after completion of it. Hence stabilization of such soil is prime importance. Attempts have been made to stabilize these soils by using different materials such as lime, cement, asphalt etc. Industrial wastes such as fly ash, furnace slag can also be used for this purpose. In order to improve the engineering and index properties of soil, the experiments have been conducted with industrial wastes of steel foundry called as furnace slag plus black cotton soil. The results show...
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