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Using Apa Style

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APA Style Manual

• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition)
• General format for the paper
• How to reference sources in the text
• How to prepare the reference list
• Examples o 808.02 P97p 2010

Sources are shown in two locations:
• In the text
• In the reference list
• Every source must appear in both places (except personal communications)

What do you need to cite in the text of your paper?
• Any information you use that is not known to the general population
• A direct quote
• Information paraphrased from a sources
• Information you got through personal communication

In-Text Citations
• Use author’s last name and date of publication in parentheses or in text o A recent study of international business managers’ approaches to corporate social responsibility (Harris & Brown, 2005) indicated… o Harris & Brown’s study of corporate social responsibility policies among international business enterprises (2005) indicated that managers…
• No author? Use first words from title o A more recent analysis of company policies that deal with corporate responsibility in developing nations (“Good Citizenship,” 2007) revealed…

Exact Quotations
• Include page number(s) for quotations o According to Harris and Brown (2005) “companies engaged in multinational manufacturing must actively pursue environmental stewardship, sustainability, and risk management” (p. 103)
• Set long quotations (40 words) apart from text by indenting left and right; no quotes; page numbers at end.

Information You Need for References
• Author(s)
• Title of journal, book, conference, etc.
• Title of article, chapter, etc., and pages
• For journals: volume and issue
• For books: place of publication and publisher
• For websites: URL
• Date of publication
• Miscellaneous information (report number, conference location, …)

Reference List Rules
• Authors are listed by last name and initials
• Publication date goes between author and title in parentheses
• Anonymous entries begin with the title and date
• Book and article titles have only certain words capitalized: first word of title and subtitle, proper nouns
• Book and journal titles are underlined or italicized
• Online sources are treated like print sources, plus URL

Reference List: Articles
• References to journal articles include author, date, article title, journal title, volume number, pages
• Author, A. A., Author B. B., and Author, C. C., (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, volume number, pages.
• Bremmer, 1., & Zakaria, F. (2006). Hedging political risk in China. Harvard Business Review, 84(11), 22-25

Anonymous Articles
• If the article has no author shown, start with the title
• Article title. (Date). Title of periodical, volume number, pages.
• Just good business, (2008, January 19). Economist, 386, special section 3-6.

Articles from Internet Periodicals
• Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of periodical, volume number, pages. Retrieved from http://web address
• Robins, F. (2005). The future of corporate social responsibility. Asian Business & Management, 4(2), 95-115. Retrieved from http://www.abm.uk/june05/robins.html

Reference List: Books
• References to books include author, date, title, place of publication, publisher
• Author, A. A., (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
• Hopkins, M. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and international development: Is business the solution? London: Earthscan.

Chapters of Books
• For chapters of books or conference papers, include author, date, title of chapter/paper, editors, title of book, pages, place of publication, publisher.
• Thomas, S. (2006). Net business: China’s potential for a global market change. In J. Damm & S. Thomas (Eds.), Chinese cyberspaces: Technological changes and political effects (pp. 148-170). London: Routledge.

Reference List: Web Documents
• Author, A. A., & Author, B. B., (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://web address.
• Fitzgerald, N, & Cormack, M. (2006). The role of business in society. Retrieved from Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative website: http://ksg.harvard.edu/mrebg/CSRI/pub_reports.html

Reference Lists: Websites
• Name of website. (Date of publication). Retrieved from http://webadress
• BSR: Business for social responsibility, (2009). Retrieved from http://www.bsr.org/

Preparing of the Reference List
• Title: References
• Alphabetize by author (or title if no author)
• Use hanging indent
• Double space entire list, unless otherwise instructed

References

Bremmer, I., & Zakaria, F. (2006). Hedging political risk in China. Harvard Business
Review, 84(11), 22-25.
Fitzgerald, N. & Cormack, M. (2006). The role of business in society: Retrieved from Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative website: http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/mrebg/CSRI/pubreports.html
Hopkins, M. (2007), Corporate social responsibility and International development: Is business the solution? London: Earthscan.
Just good business: (2008, January 19). Economist, 386, special section 3-6.
Robins, F. (2005). The future of corporate social responsibility. Asian Business & Management. 4(2), 95-115. Retrieved from http://www.abm.uk/june05/robins.html.

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