...The UK’s macroeconomic performance can be measured in terms of economic growth, inflation, unemployment and the balance of payments on the current account. One importance of higher labour productivity in the UK is that it means that each member of staff produces more output in the same given time period which will improve the economies position on the PPF by moving closer towards the curve. This is because the economy will be producing more output with the same amount of resources available which indicates a previous under-utilisation of labour in the economy. Furthermore, another importance of higher labour productivity is shown in Extract C, ‘any rise in aggregate demand (AD) will be non-inflationary when improvements in productivity are able to generate greater output,’ which empathises the importance of higher labour productivity in the long-run in terms of economic growth because the output of the economy is increasing without inflation. The benefits of low inflation rates are widespread, particularly to those who have savings. Another reason for why this could be considered is due to the fact that it increases the competiveness of the UK’s trade world-wide, for example because the average cost of producing one good has decreased the firms will have more freedom to lower prices, this has a positive effect on the balance of payment on the current account by bringing it into more surplus. On the other hand, an increase in the labour productivity could potentially result...
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...rate of economic growth is not simply one of increasing spending’. Using the data and your economic knowledge, assess the importance of both demand-side and supply-side policies in helping the UK economy to achieve a prolonged period of economic growth. (25 marks) 2011 B Extract E (lines 1 – 2) states: ‘The overriding objective of economic policy is to maintain a stable economy. This requires low inflation, low unemployment and a steady rate of economic growth.’ Using the data and your knowledge of recent economic events, assess the contribution that fiscal and monetary policies can make in maintaining a stable economy. (25 marks) 2011 C Assess the view that a fall in the exchange rate of the pound will help to improve the performance of the UK economy. 2010 D Extract F (lines 10-12) states: ‘A significant increase in unemployment seems inevitable and, in the short run, there is not much that a government can do about it.’ Evaluate alternative measures which can be used to reduce unemployment. (25 marks) 2010 E Extract C (lines 4-5) indicates that ‘investment is expected to fall rapidly in 2009’. Assess the consequences for the UK economy of a significant fall in investment spending. (25 marks) 2010 F Assess the various policies that could be used to help an economy, such as that of the UK, to recover from recession. (25 marks) 2010 G Using the data and your economic knowledge, assess the importance of higher labour productivity in bringing about improvements...
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...BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE DURING DIFFICULT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS For the Department of Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) John Kitching Robert Blackburn David Smallbone Small Business Research Centre, Kingston University Sarah Dixon School of Management, Bath University June 2009 URN 09/1031 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1. INTRODUCTION, RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 1 2. RESEARCH CONTEXT 1 2.1 Defining Difficult Economic Conditions 1 2.2 The Current Crisis 1 3. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 1 4. THE BUSINESS STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT LITERATURE 1 4.1 Business Strategy: General Considerations 1 4.2 Strategic Adaptation to Environmental Jolts, Turbulence and Radical Institutional Change 1 4.3 Strategic Adaptation to Recession 1 4.4 Retrenchment Strategies 1 4.5 Investment Strategies 1 4.6 ‘Ambidextrous’ Strategies 1 4.7 Business Size as an Influence on Strategic Adaptation to Difficult Economic Conditions 1 4.8 International Experience 1 5. CONTEMPORARY COMMENTARY ON THE CURRENT CRISIS 1 6. STRATEGIC RESPONSES IN THE RECESSION: DELIBERATIONS FROM A THINK-TANK 1 6.1 Introduction and Objectives 1 6.2 Business Responses in Recession 1 6.2.1 Knowledge Base 1 6.2.2 Unevenness of Recession 1 6.3 Modelling Strategic Change 1 6.3.1 Typologies of Strategic Change 1 6.3.2 Strategic Thinking and Strategic Actions 1 6.4 The Role of Innovation under Recession Conditions 1 6.5 Roles for Public Policy...
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...will need We signpost how each chapter links to the syllabus and the study guide We provide lots of exam focus points demonstrating what the examiner will want you to do We emphasise key points in regular fast forward summaries We test your knowledge of what you’ve studied in quick quizzes We examine your understanding in our exam question bank We reference all the important topics in our full index BPP’s Practice & Revision Kit and i-Pass products also support this paper. Note FIA FAB and ACCA Paper F1 are examined under the same syllabus and study guide. FOR EXAMS FROM FEBRUARY 2014 TO AUGUST 2015 I N T E R A C T I V E T E X T FAB/F1 ACCOUNTANT IN BUSINESS First edition March 2011 Third edition September 2013 ISBN 9781 4453 7026 2 Previous ISBN 9781 4453 9965 2 eISBN 9781 4453 7061 3 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Published by BPP Learning Media Ltd BPP House, Aldine Place 142-144 Uxbridge Road London W12 8AA www.bpp.com/learningmedia Printed in the United Kingdom by RICOH Ricoh House Ullswater Crescent Coulsdon CR5 2HR A note about copyright Dear Customer What does the little © mean and why does it matter? Your market-leading BPP books, course materials and elearning materials do not write and update themselves. People write them on their own behalf or as employees of an organisation that invests in this activity. Copyright law protects their livelihoods. It...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING SMALLHOLDER COFFEE PRODUCTION IN KARAGWE DISTRICT, TANZANIA FACTORS AFFECTING SMALLHOLDER COFFEE PRODUCTION IN KARAGWE DISTRICT, TANZANIA By Rodrick Wilbroad Mugishagwe A Dissertation Submitted in Partial/Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Economics (Project Planning and Management) of Mzumbe University 2015 CERTIFICATION We, the undersigned, certify that we have read and hereby recommend for acceptance by the Mzumbe University, A dissertation entitled Factors Affecting Smallholder Coffee Production in Karagwe District, Tanzania, in partial/fulfilment of the requirements for award of the degree of Master of Science in Economics (Project Planning and Management) of Mzumbe University. ___________________________ Major Supervisor ___________________________ Internal Examiner External Examiner Accepted for the Board of ………………………………… _________________ DEAN/DIRECTOR, FACULTY/DIRECTORATE/SCHOOL/BOARD DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Rodrick Wilbroad Mugishagwe, declare that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented at any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature ____________________________ Date ________________________________ © This dissertation is a copyright material protected under the Berne Convention, the...
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...references to websites are correct at time of going to press, the world wide web is a constantly changing environment and the University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK. Contents Introduction vii Unit 1 The contemporary world of business and management Introduction 1.1 1.2 The global business environment The importance of developments in the global environment Case Study 1.3 Organisational decision making and performance vii 1 3 10 14 17 19 19 20 Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary Unit 2 Globalisation Introduction 2.1 2.2 Definitions and indicators of globalisation Key drivers and facilitators of globalisation Case Study 2.3 2.4 Barriers and inhibitors of globalisation Comparing the costs and benefits of globalization Case Study 2.5 International trade and foreign direct investment Case Study 2.6 Applying Porter’s diamond model 21 21 22 25 27 29 31 32 36 36 40 43 43 44 Self-assessment questions...
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...ANDREFF Professor Emeritus University Paris 1 Panthon Sorbonne Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne. ABSTRACT. The article is dealing in the first place with the definition of (offshore) outsourcing in relation with foreign direct investment and international subcontracting process, as well as with some connected issues such as fragmentation of the production process, international production relocation, de-industrialisation in developed countries and industrialisation in newly industrialising, now coined emerging countries. In the second place, it aims at finding how global strategy differentiates from traditional MNC strategies and how much outsourcing fits with such global strategy. The last section of the article briefly screens the economic impact of outsourcing on the world trade structure – with the two enlightening snapshots of global trade in sports goods and European Union 15’s outward processing trade with Central Eastern European countries (CEECs)-, as well as on home developed and host emerging countries. The article conclusion is that outsourcing has grown faster than world trade in the past two decades and has skyrocketed during the very last years because it is a cornerstone of a new global strategy adopted by multinational companies since the late 1980s. KEY WORDS: Offshoring, outsourcing, new strategy of multinational companies. JEL CLASIFICATION: F14, J23, L6. Conference on International Outsourcing and the European Union: Impact on the domestic market...
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...THE FUTURE OF EMPLOYMENT: HOW SUSCEPTIBLE ARE JOBS TO COMPUTERISATION?∗ Carl Benedikt Frey† and Michael A. Osborne‡ September 17, 2013 . Abstract We examine how susceptible jobs are to computerisation. To assess this, we begin by implementing a novel methodology to estimate the probability of computerisation for 702 detailed occupations, using a Gaussian process classifier. Based on these estimates, we examine expected impacts of future computerisation on US labour market outcomes, with the primary objective of analysing the number of jobs at risk and the relationship between an occupation’s probability of computerisation, wages and educational attainment. According to our estimates, about 47 percent of total US employment is at risk. We further provide evidence that wages and educational attainment exhibit a strong negative relationship with an occupation’s probability of computerisation. Keywords: Occupational Choice, Technological Change, Wage Inequality, Employment, Skill Demand JEL Classification: E24, J24, J31, J62, O33. We thank the Oxford University Engineering Sciences Department and the Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology for hosting the “Machines and Employment” Workshop. We are indebted to Stuart Armstrong, Nick Bostrom, Eris Chinellato, Mark Cummins, Daniel Dewey, David Dorn, Alex Flint, Claudia Goldin, John Muellbauer, Vincent Mueller, Paul Newman, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Anders Sandberg, Murray Shanahan, and Keith ...
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...23 Things They Don’t Tell You about Capitalism HA-JOON CHANG Department of Economics, Cambridge University 23 Things They Don’t Tell You about Capitalism HA-JOON CHANG ALLEN LANE an imprint of PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Canada Inc.) Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Dehli – 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England www.penguin.com First published 2010 Copyright © Ha-Joon Chang, 2010 The moral right of the author has been asserted All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording...
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...Economic Outlook, Prospects, and Policy Challenges 01 CHAPTER This year’s Economic Survey comes at a time of unusual volatility in the international economic environment. Markets have begun to swing on fears that the global recovery may be faltering, while risks of extreme events are rising. Amidst this gloomy landscape, India stands out as a haven of stability and an outpost of opportunity. Its macro-economy is stable, founded on the government’s commitment to fiscal consolidation and low inflation. Its economic growth is amongst the highest in the world, helped by a reorientation of government spending toward needed public infrastructure. These achievements are remarkable not least because they have been accomplished in the face of global headwinds and a second successive season of poor rainfall. The task now is to sustain them in an even more difficult global environment. This will require careful economic management. As regards monetary and liquidity policy, the benign outlook for inflation, widening output gaps, the uncertainty about the growth outlook and the over-indebtedness of the corporate sector all imply that there is room for easing. Fiscal consolidation continues to be vital, and will need to maintain credibility and reduce debt, in an uncertain global environment, while sustaining growth. On the government’s “reformto-transform” agenda, a series of measures, each incremental but collectively meaningful have been enacted. There have also...
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...Value and meeting our commitments 2012 | Full report 1 What is CSV How we implement CSV Nutrition Water Rural development Responsible sourcing Environmental sustainability sustainability Human rights and compliance Our people Nestlé in Society: Creating Shared Value A message from our Chairman and our CEO About this report Nestlé in Society: Creating Shared Value Creating Shared Value explained Nestlé Corporate Business Principles Our Commitments Materiality Key Performance Indicators Summary Consolidated environmental performance indicators Nestlé in society | Creating Shared Value and meeting our commitments 2012 | Full report 3 6 8 9 10 11 15 18 20 2 What is CSV How we implement CSV Nutrition Water Rural development Responsible sourcing Environmental sustainability Human rights and compliance Our people A message from our Chairman and our CEO We have always believed that in order to prosper we need the communities we serve and in which we operate to prosper as well: and that over the long term, healthy populations, healthy economies and healthy business performance are mutually reinforcing. We recognise that our position in society brings both opportunities and responsibilities: to do business in compliance with national laws, international standards and our own Corporate Business Principles; and in ways that help protect the environment for future generations. Thus, our commitments to sustainability...
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...blank Business Performance Measurement Drawing together contributions from leading thinkers around the world, this book reviews recent developments in the theory and practice of performance measurement and management. Significantly updated and modified from the first edition, the book includes ten new chapters that provide a comprehensive review of performance measurement from the perspectives of accounting, marketing, operations, public services and supply chain management. In addition to these functional analyses the book explores performance measurement frameworks and methodologies, practicalities and challenges, and enduring questions and issues. Edited by one of the world’s leading experts on performance measurement and management, Business Performance Measurement will be of interest to graduate students, managers and researchers who wish to understand more about the latest developments in this rapidly changing field. Andy Neely is Deputy Director of the ESRC/EPSRC AIM Research initiative, Professor of Operations Strategy and Performance at Cranfield School of Management, and Visiting Professor of Operations Management at London Business School. Business Performance Measurement Unifying theories and integrating practice Second edition Edited by Andy Neely CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in...
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...A HANDBOOK FOR VALUE CHAIN RESEARCH Prepared for the IDRC by Raphael Kaplinsky and Mike Morris* We are grateful to colleagues in both our individual institutions and in the Spreading the Gains from Globalisation Network (particularly those participating in the Bellagio Workshop in September 2000) for discussions around many of the issues covered in this Handbook and also to Stephanie Barrientos, Jayne Smith and Justin Barnes. An Important Health Warning or A Guide for Using this Handbook Lest anyone feel overwhelmed by the depth of detail in this Handbook, especially with respect to the sections on methodology, we would like to emphasise at the outset: this Handbook is not meant to be used or read as a comprehensive step by step process that has to be followed in order to undertake a value chain analysis. We know of no value chain analysis that has comprehensively covered all the aspects dealt with in the following pages, and certainly not in the methodologically sequential Handbook set out below. Indeed to try and do so in this form would be methodologically overwhelming, and would certainly bore any reader of such an analysis to tears. Our intention in producing a Handbook on researching value chains is to try and comprehensively cover as many aspects of value chain analysis as possible so as to allow researchers to dip in and utilise what is relevant and where it is appropriate. It is not an attempt to restrict researchers within a methodological strait-jacket...
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...clarity and professional delivery. The benefit and help provided by Gordon Holyer is best summarized in the opening quote above for which I thank him wholeheartedly. Furthermore, I would like to show my appreciation for Vancouver Island University faculty for seamless transition from classroom to work settings. To my Internship Coordinator Nattallie Tessier my sincere gratitude for your tireless commitment and unwavering support. Last but not least, I would like to show appreciation to my Internship Mentor Carrie Linegar for giving me this internship opportunity at BC Wheelchair Basketball Society. I will always remember the experience as wonderful and it was genuine pleasure learning from you. Without of the collective support of all individuals involved I would not have completed this project. Milan Azanjac 565 582 699 Table of Contents Acknowledgements i List of Acronyms iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii SECTION 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 1-1. Company Profile 1 1-2. Goals and Objectives of the Applied Project 1 SECTION 2 – SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 3 2-1 Environmental Analysis 3 2-1-1. Economic segment 3 2-1-2. Social-Cultural Segment 4 2-1-3. Technological Segment 5 2-1-4. Legal Segment 5 2-2. Industry Environment Analysis 6 2-2-1. Threat of New Entrants 6 2-2-2. Bargaining Power of Buyers 7 2-2-3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 7 2-2-4. Threat of Substitute Products 8 2-2-5. Rivalry among Competitors 8 2-3. Value Chain Analysis 10 SECTION 3 – OPTION GENERATION...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In a published report on Business Day by Chuka Uroko (2015), he explained that, Lagos, Abuja and Port Harcourt, Nigeria’ commercial, administrative and petroleum industry capitals respectively, are the top real estate investment destinations, and account for as high as 65 percent of all activities in this asset class, a report by the National Bureau of Statistics has revealed. The report indicated that Lagos has the greatest amount of real estate activities at 37 percent, followed by Abuja with 22 percent and Port Harcourt (Rivers State) with 6 percent, all covering 65 percent of real estate activities in the country. The trio, often regarded as Nigeria’s traditional cities, have seen increased tempo of activity in real estate development and much of the investments that have gone into real estate in the country in the last decade were concentrated in these cities. Nigeria’s has a burgeoning real estate sector, which by the GDP rebasing exercise in the country in April 2014, was discovered to be the fastest growing and sixth largest sector in the Nigerian economy, explaining the rising level of investment in the sector by both local and foreign investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as “an investment in which a firm acquires a substantial controlling interest in a foreign firm (above 10 percent share) or sets up a subsidiary in a foreign country” (Chen, 2000). The International Monetary Fund adds...
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