Historical Terms and Concepts to Know *Who, what, where, why, when, how, so what?

Martin Luther Henry VIII Council of Trent Thirty Years’ War Protestant Siege of Vienna Glorious Revolution Peter I St. Petersburg Ninety-Five Theses missionary Society of Jesus Treaty of Westphalia Charles V Spanish Inquisition Louis XIV Versailles Catherine II balance of power Adam Smith VOC Ptolemaic universe Newton
John Locke capitalism joint-stock companies putting-out system
Copernican universe deism Discussion Questions

Examine the centralizing efforts in countries like France, Spain, and England. How and in what ways were they successful? Why was the Holy Roman Empire not as successful as other European states in centralizing power? Examine the idea behind the balance of power. How did this concept play itself out in Europe? How was this balance of power different from the political patterns in the rest of the world? Examine the career of Martin Luther. What were the foundations of his Reformation? What legacy did he leave Europe? Why did earlier reformers not have the same impact? Examine the rise of capitalist thought and practice. What factors led to this rise?

Examine the leading thinkers of the scientific revolution. Why were the early discoveries of the scientific revolution met with such resistance? In what ways did these discoveries destroy an old worldview and create a new one? How did their ideas influence the Enlightenment?

What were the foundations of the Enlightenment? Could there be a