...Course Institution Date In the articles, there are common topics that are featuring in all the articles. The relationship between autism and the MMR vaccine appears in all the articles. Dr. Andrew Wakefield appears to be the driving force behind the concept. In the articles, suggestions by Dr. Andrew Wakefield that there might be an association between autism and MMR vaccine are recurring. Wakefield’s ideas have also been labeled as fraud with intent to commit deliberate fraud. Wakefield’s studies have also been withdrawn and we can see further that he is later denied the right to practice medicine in England. This is evident in the various articles. In the article by Michael Wilrich (2011), “how the pox incident changed vaccination rules,” we see that Dr. Wakefield’s report in the medical journal, The lancet, which suggested on the possibility between the MMR and vaccination, was discredited and debunked. According to Wilrich, (2009), “The Lancet withdrew the study in 2010. Later in 2011, the study was labeled a deliberate fraud (Wilrich, 2011). In the article, anatomy of scare, Begley, (2009), Dr. Wakefield is still adamant about the relationship between the vaccine and autism. Suggesting that the vaccine damaged the intestines allowing harmful proteins to leak into the blood system where they caused neurons damage. Wakefield was adamant, “it is a resolved.” In the articles much is talked about on the relationship between vaccine and autism but it has not been scientifically...
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...Student’s name Teacher’s name Course name Date The impact of immunization on the development of autism In recent years, a worldwide concern over immunization and its schedule has increased dramatically. The vaccine-autism hypothesis belongs to the most extensively debated theories related to the origins of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Critics of dangerous ingredients contained in vaccines designate that such preservatives may contribute to, or cause, a range of cognitive disorders in children. When administered at early age, immunization may seriously affect neurological and not completely developed immune systems. In contrast, both biological and epidemiological studies tend to contradict the vaccine-autism theory. Given this fact, it is of vital importance to thoroughly examine both sides of the coin and come to a reasonable conclusion. PECULIARITIES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Autism, or, more broadly, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), includes a number of complex cognitive and communicational disorders. According to Richard Lathe, the molecular biologist, autism is difficult to define (20). However, there exists a range of distinctive peculiarities, by which one can recognize ASD. Repetitive patterns of behavior, a withdrawal from social relatedness and interaction, and specific movement patterns characterize autism. The symptoms occur from early childhood, usually at age of 2-3 years, and affect daily functioning (Lathe 32). The diagnosis of ASD incorporates the evaluation...
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...science supports the influenza vaccination. Research studies have been done since the development of the flu vaccine in 1945 and documented as the first vaccinations were given to the soldiers in WWII. Many kinds of influenza vaccination studies have been done by medical research teams including the Center for Disease Control. The Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta analysis was researched by Michael Osterholm and his associates by reviewing over 5000 studies of the influenza vaccine. Many articles since then have commented on this meta-analysis and have gone further to expand the question of does the flu vaccine decrease pneumonia in the elderly. Results are such that the confounding conditions of the study needed to be adjusted fully and the studies re-evaluated. Another question arises. Does mandatory vaccination of healthcare workers decrease the spread of the flu virus within the hospital. Evidence for consistent high-level protection is elusive for the present generation of vaccines, especially in those at risk of medical complications and those aged 65 years or older. Does Science Support the Flu Shot? Since the discovery of the influenza virus and the subsequent development of the flu vaccine, has there been enough science research to support the effectiveness and efficacy of the flu vaccine? Influenza also known as the flu is a viral infection. The flu is caused by influenza viruses A and B, and...
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...They feel that due to potential health risks associated with vaccines, they should be permitted to decide if or when to vaccinate their child. Others argue that granting exemptions from vaccination puts public health at risk and could lead to a resurgence of dangerous diseases like measles or whooping cough. Parents should vaccinate their kids because; it saves the life of children; adverse reactions are rare; and it can save...
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...Shannon Shull 1 Writing assignment 1 9-9-13 A Philosophical Argument on Forced Vaccines “A Philosophical Argument on Forced Vaccines” is an article written for infowars.com by a man named John Burke. Burke published this article on July 16, 2009, arguing that the medical field and doctors don’t always know what is best for anyone. He encourages the readers of this article to do their research about the good and the bad of the vaccines that the government makes them get. He is not writing to change their opinion on vaccinating their child; he just simply says there is a lot of research out there that most people don’t know The article was posted on www.infowars.com. Infowars homepage of Alex Jones, an American radio host, author, conspiracy theorist and documentary filmmaker. Jones has different articles published on his website that would make you believe that he is against the government and the requirements to vaccinate children. Burke’s audience seems to be geared towards those debating against if they should immunize their children. It all started when Burke was involved in a discussion with a friend about vaccines. The friend had a child who wasn’t up to date on their vaccines and the friend was debating on whether or not to get them. Without thinking about it Burke automatically was in favor of yes you should get the vaccines. After a few days Burke thought back on the conversation and was asking himself why he didn’t think more about the topic before...
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...Every year during the fall and winter, flu season dawns upon us and everyone is advised to get a flu shot to protect themselves from the virus. Although all children over the age of six months and all healthy adults are recommended to get a shot, these shots are not completely effective in everyone in this age range. Studies have shown that the elderly in particular are not as effectively protected by the flu vaccine as younger people are. According to a news story published by CNN in 2013 entitled “Flu vaccine less effective, especially among elderly,” it was reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, that the flu shot given for the flu season in 2012 and 2013 was only 9% effective in adults over the age of 65 compared...
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...Ethics of AIDS Vaccines Administration without Knowledge of Long-Term Side Effects? Debate on the Ethics of AIDS Vaccines Administration without Knowledge of Long-Term Side Effects? I. Introduction (Jessica and Chrystal) A. Why this topic is important? i. AIDS is a pandemic ii. B. Implications i. AIDS vaccine could potentially save billions of lives ii. . C. Objectives of the assignment. i. Identify a health care ethical issue ii. Present facts in an outline format. iii. Describe the pros and cons of the issue including an analysis. iv. Follow APA 6th formatting. II. Literature Review A. Review of the key articles on this topic (5 per team member). i. HIV/AIDS- Ethical/Legal Issues (Arora & Arora, 2009). This article … ii. AIDS Vaccines and Reproductive Immunology (Bourinbaiar, Jirathitikal, Silin, Nian-Qing & Abulafia-Lapid, 2007). This article… iii. Correlates of negative intent to receive an AIDS vaccine: an exploratory study (Crosby, Holtgrave, Bryant, & Frew, 2004). iv. AIDS Care (AIDS CARE), Dhalla S; Nelson KE; Singer J; Poole G. (2009). This article describe how developing an HIV vaccines may contribute to participants better follow-ups and may improve the patient’s knowledge and education regarding HIV/AIDS. v. Development of an AIDS vaccine: perspective...
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...A Healthy Heresy: Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism According to a study done by Public Health Reports, of the parents who delay or refuse vaccinations for their children 57% said their reason for not vaccinating their children was fear of autism (Levs 4). Since the speculation of a causal relationship of vaccinations and Autism began the world has seen some of the most threatening outbreaks of diseases that would have been preventable with the use of vaccines ("The End of the Vaccines Cause Autism Myth." 2). Is it the vaccines causing the problem, or the overprotective parents that are endangering their child and many other people’s children? Parents who do not trust science for vaccinations continue to trust science for other ways such as “to...
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...Final Project: Comprehensive Argument Analysis The Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center database at the University Library provides a wealth of arguments to which you can apply your critical thinking skills. Find this database by logging into to the Library and selecting the Article Databases—Specialized link. From the results page, scroll down to select the Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center link. Resources: Appendix A, Appendix D, and the University Library Due Date: Day 7 [Individual forum] Choose two topics from the Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center that interest you and locate a set of materials from the database for each topic. If you choose school violence as one of your topics, for example, you might find a magazine article that argues that violence in the media causes school violence and a Web site that persuasively argues that violence in the media is not responsible for school violence. Conduct a similar search for your second topic. When finished, you should have two sources per topic. Note: You may use sources from any combination of the Viewpoints, Magazines, Academic Journals, News (use sources marked Editorial and Column), and Web sites database sections. Use the form in Appendix D to critically analyze your four sources. Fill out one form for each source. o Provide the title of the source. o Provide the source citation. Locate the citation by clicking on the Source Citation link at the top of the page when viewing the source. ...
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... The purpose of CDC.gov (2014) is to offer reliable health information about data and statistics, diseases and conditions, emergencies and disasters, environmental health, and many more topics to all individuals who are interested (CDC.gov, purpose of website, para. 1). The particular section of the CDC.gov researched is about Vaccines and Immunizations. The search engine used to locate this information was Google Scholar. Its URL is http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/?s_cid=cdc_homepage_topmenu_002. Website Criteria Five criteria’s must be present when performing an analysis of a reliable website. The CDC’s website clearly addresses each of them. There are several qualified authors responsible for the material on this website who are experts in the area of vaccines. The CDC.gov website indicates the content source for vaccines as the National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases (2014). The information is neatly organized by different topics that appears to be accurate, current, readable and easily comprehended. This website was last updated on July 24, 2014. Another important feature about this webpage is the information regarding vaccines are for Health Care Professionals and/or parents; it also has their contact...
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...Article Summary 1 James Rollings Ottawa University Article Summary 1 Omics is a relatively newly coined term that refers to all the components taken into account collectively, and the suffix ‘ome’ is the object of investigation of the field (Bagnoli et al., 2011). Omics research has given rise to a plethora of fields such as genomics, immunomics, proteomics, and vaccinomics (Bagnoli et al., 2011). Genomics is the study of the complete collection of genes of an organism; immunomics is the study of the collection of antigens recognized by an organism’s immune system; and, proteomics is the study of the complete collection of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism (Bagnoli et al., 2011). These Omics’ research and its associated technologies have transformed vaccine development. In the past, vaccines were developed using inactivated pathogens (i.e., first generation vaccines) and cell components from microbes that had been purified (i.e., second generation vaccines) (Bagnoli et al., 2011). Omics is increasingly being applied to vaccinology, resulting in the development of third generation vaccines (Bagnoli et al., 2011). There are three chief omics’ approaches to vaccine discovery: “genomics-based antigen selection” (GBAS), “proteomic-based antigen” selection (PBAS), and “immunomics-based antigen selection” (IBAS) approaches (Bagnoli et al., 2011, pp. 545-554). GBAS uses comparative genomics (the comparison of various genomes to ascertain antigen conservation)...
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...Article Analysis: International Negotiation Letricia Allison University of Phoenix Organizational Negotiations MGT 445 Nancy O'Connone-Bone October 09, 2009 Article Analysis: International Negotiation International negotiation is a negotiation that occurs between two countries or between two or more individuals or organizations located in different countries. When negotiating with an individual or organization in a different country, one must remain extra cautious to avoid and deceptions or swindles caused by international negotiations. A negotiator who does not have a clear understanding of the negotiation process in another country could fall prey to unfamiliar negotiation schemes. This could happen nearly to all qualified domestic negotiators. Analyzing two articles in which a negotiation situation has occurred in a global context will give society an understanding of the implications of globalization and technology on negotiations. Obama Led UN Council Backs Broad Nuclear Agenda President Barack Obama had the honor of presiding over Septembers UN Security Council meeting. During this meeting, the UN Security Council cast a unanimous vote to endorse a strategy aimed at stopping the development of weapons made from nuclear power. The UN Security Councils ultimate goal is to eradicate the production of nuclear weapons to bring forth a world with more sanctuary for everyone. “The historic resolution we just adopted enshrines our shared commitment...
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...Table of Contents Chapter 1. The problem Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theoretical framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statement of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . Significance of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Review of related literature Related literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography Chapter I HIV/AIDS INTRODUCTION The arrival of the AIDS epidemic in the 20th Century, brought with it fear, superstition and prejudice. This disease is not the first one where society has imposed social stigmas, political agendas and outright pandemonium. Misunderstandings of other diseases like the bubonic plague, small pox and the Spanish flu also have caused hysteria among populations around the world, but the main difference between these epidemics and that of AIDS/HIV is that AIDS is a modern epidemic staged in a new world of influential media outlets, politics and new social stigmas. In order to combat the societal misunderstandings of AIDS/HIV, one must understand the disease itself. When referring to AIDS/HIV...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ANTHRAX VACCINE AS A COMPONENT OF THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE: A DILEMMA FOR HOMELAND SECURITY by Thomas L. Rempfer December 2009 Thesis Advisor: Second Reader: Stanley Supinski Dean Lynch Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 2. REPORT DATE December 2009 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Anthrax Vaccine as a Component of the Strategic National Stockpile: A Dilemma for Homeland Security 6. AUTHOR(S) Thomas L. Rempfer 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000...
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...2011). The 2015 estimates of cervical cancer are that 13,000 women will be diagnosed and about a third of that will die (Statistics about Cervical Cancer, 2015). Specifically, the HPV genotypes 16 and 18 are associated with 64% of these cancers (Petrosky et al., 2015). The HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil, protect against these oncogenic genotypes (Godi, Bissett, Miller, & Beddows, 2015). Even though there are risks with taking this vaccine, the HPV vaccine is safe and saves thousands of women from getting cervical cancer and other types of cancers because there have been studies done to examine the safety of the vaccine around the world and there is a less chance of being diagnosed with some autoimmune diseases the influenza vaccine. The vaccines themselves are noninfectious and actually have proteins that “self-assemble to form virus like particles that induce a protective immunity” (Pandhi & Sonthalia, 2011). The vaccine is used all across the world and the trials were done in at least twelve different countries. Every one of these countries assessed the trials by an enzyme-like immunosorbent assay to prevent differences in the results (Rivera et al., 2010). For the results, both of the vaccine had nearly 100% seropositivity rate (antibody rate) (Godi et al.,...
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