...Seite 1 DOING BUSINESS IN SWITZERLAND CONTENTS 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 A Brief Survey Geography Population and Languages Political System The Economy Swiss Company Law Governing Law and Forms of Business Enterprises Corporation Books of Account Annual Business Report Taxation of Resident Corporations Liability to Swiss Tax Determination of Taxable Income Tax Privileged Corporations Treaty Benefits for Swiss Resident Corporations Computation of Corporate Taxes Assessment of Corporate Taxes Withholding Taxes of Dividend Distributions of Swiss Corporations Filing of Tax Returns, Assessments of Tax, Tax Litigation Corporate Reorganizations Taxation of Non-Resident Corporations Liability to Swiss Tax Determination of Taxable Income and Capital of Swiss Permanent Establishments Remittance of Profits Withholding Tax Income Subject to Withholding Tax Exemptions from Withholding Tax Withholding and Reimbursement of Tax Indirect Taxes Value Added Tax Stamp Duties Real Estate Taxes Personal Taxation Income Taxes on Residents Income Taxes on Non-residents Other Individual Taxes Seite 2 7.4 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 9 9.1 9.2 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Tax Returns, Assessment and Payment of Tax Labour Conditions an Social Security Working Conditions Social Security Social Security Treaties Government Incentives Export Risk Guarantee Program Investment Incentives Government Controls...
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...University of Florence Faculty of Economy Master’s Degree in Bank, Insurance and Financial Markets Thesis in Applied Statistics for Banks and Insurances Credit Risk Models: Single Firm Default and Contagion Default Analysis Supervisor: P rof essor Fabrizio Cipollini Student: Marco Gambacciani Academic Year 2009/2010 Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Structural Models 1.1 Terminal Default . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 First Passage Models . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 The Black and Cox’s Model . . 1.2.2 Longstaff and Schwartz’s Model 1.2.3 Leland and Toft’s Model . . . . 1.2.4 Zhou’s Model . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.5 Random Threshold Model . . . 2 5 5 11 11 15 19 24 30 35 36 39 41 45 48 50 51 56 67 76 77 79 79 82 83 84 94 114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Modelli reduced form 2.1 Approach With An Homogenous Poisson Process . . 2.2 Approach With a Non-Homogenous Poisson Process 2.3 Approach with a Cox’s Process . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Bond and Spread Valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Models For The Correlation Between Defaults 3.1 Bottom-Up Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Structural Apporach . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Intensity Models Approaches . . . 3.1.3 Approaches with...
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