...Running head: Nature versus Nurture Nature versus Nurture Jennifer Taylor Western Governors University GLT1 task 3 Nature versus Nurture What is Nature versus Nurture? Nature versus Nurture is one of the oldest debates in psychology. It centers around the influence of inherited genes and environmental factors on the human development. Nature is those things inherited such as eye color, hair color, certain diseases, etc. Nurture is all the environmental influences after conception which influences development such as carcinogens, language, behaviors, etc. Some philosophers believe most of our characteristics and behaviors are as a result of inherited genes. Those who believe in extreme hereditary influences are known as Nativist. However, others believe the mind is born as a blank slate and we are who we are because of our experiences and are learned behaviors. Those who believe strongly in environmental influences are known as empiricists. (McLeod, 2007) Why has this debate become so controversial? According to McLeod, 2007 this debate has become heated because it begins a way of evaluating behavioral differences in society which then becomes a political debate about distributive justice and power in society. Many in psychology have come to the realization it is not an all or nothing view. Therefore, the debate has become one of deciding which one is most important. Leaving the question of if both factors influence our development which one is more responsible?...
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...Nature versus Nurture Psychology 101 The flight test director for Boeing and a drug addict living in a trailer have more in common than you might think; in this case they are siblings. The brothers are born from the same parents, raised in the same home, given the same opportunities, yet polar opposites of one another. Scenarios such as this pose the question of what makes a person who they are, their environment, or their genes. For centuries the controversy between nature and nurture has been argued among experts. The debate is whether environmental influences or genetic inheritance is responsible for our human makeup. History of Nature versus Nurture From the thirteenth century researcher to present day, the nature nurture controversy is anything but a new topic, although techniques and biases may differ throughout the centuries. In the Beginning In 1874, Francis Galton, published his book English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture, which “lays partial claim to the nature versus nurture phrase” (Groff, 1998, para.1). Galton states nature and nurture, “separates under two distinct heads the innumerable elements of which personality is composed. Nature is all that a man brings with him into the world; nurture is every influence from without that affects him after his birth” (Galton, 1874). However, in 1911 a manuscript was found dating back to the thirteenth century which suggested the terms of nature and nurture as well. Previous to this, the philosophers...
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...Homosexuality: A Case of Nature versus Nurture By Robert L Smith Instructor: Mr. Simbarashe Chiduma A RESEARCH PAPER Submitted to Baker College in partial fulfillment of requirements For class: Soc 201 Winter 2012 Homosexual is defined as: “of, relating to, or characterized by a tendency to direct sexual desire toward another of the same sex” (Webster’s Dictionary, 4th ed., 2003) The nature approach is based on a chance that humans are born with a specific gene that determines if they will be homosexual. "In other words, some people are born gay." (Johnson, 2003) The nurture approach tells that people are influenced by their surroundings. In this approach, "A nurtured gay person is one that is 'made' gay." (Johnson, 2003) Originally the American Psychological Association (APA) had deemed homosexuality a mental disease. The debate now- a-days revolve around if sexuality is based on nature, a person’s environment, or based on nurture, a person’s upbringing. Alfred Kinsey pioneered one of the earliest experiments in the 1930s. Kinsey’s research resulted in little besides putting the word homosexual into the common language. Karen Hooker completed the first psychological test in 1957. The research was put together to investigate the relationship between homosexuality, psychological development, and illness. The subjects were given three tests, the Rorschach, TAT, and MAPS. She determined that there was no link between social determinism of sexuality...
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...I think that the question about how much of a particular behavior is based on genetics and how much is based on experience is a flawed question because all behavior comes from experience, and who we are comes from our genetics. Really there is no way to measure how much of your behavior comes from either genetics or experience. We are born and through experience we learn, and we grow into the person we are going to be. Who we are is in our genetics. We do not choose our parents. Both genetics and experience go hand in hand when it comes to behavior. We are born with certain characteristics that we cannot change and have no control over and we learn through watching others. I do not think that genetics or experience is more dominant than the other. It is important to take into consideration both genetics and experience when measuring development. With genetics we have no control over. We are born to our parents and that is that. We carry certain genes. We may be apt to act in certain ways because it is in our blood, some might say, it runs in the family. As for experience, we can learn through experience. At a young age we learn that if we touch the stove while it is on we will get burned. Therefore we do not touch the stove while it is on. We now can choose to get burned or not to. Even though genetics comes naturally and experience is not our behavior consist of the combination of both. They have to be viewed separately but they go hand in...
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...You got your green eyes from your mother, and your freckles from your father. But where did you get your thrill-seeking personality and talent for singing? Did you learn these from your parents or was it predetermined by your genes? While it's clear that physical characteristics are hereditary, the genetic waters get a bit more murky when it comes to an individual's behavior, intelligence, and personality. Ultimately, the old argument of nature vs. nurture has never really been won. We do not yet know how much of what we are is determined by our DNA and how much by our life experience. But we do know that both play a part. What is Nature vs Nurture? It has been reported that the use of the terms "nature" and "nurture" as a convenient catch-phrase for the roles of heredity and environment in human development can be traced back to 13th century France. Some scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions or even "animal instincts." This is known as the "nature" theory of human behavior. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the "nurture" theory of human behavior. Fast-growing understanding of the human genome has recently made it clear that both sides are partly right. Nature endows us with inborn abilities and traits; nurture takes these genetic tendencies and molds them as we learn and mature. End of story, right? Nope. The "nature vs nurture" debate still...
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...of Nature Versus Nurture Bernard Stevens Lux Ferre University Senior Research April 26, 2011 Abstract What influences more, society on the individual or collective individuals on society? Is society, thereby the individual, constructed by a set of pre-existing material conditions, or a pre-existing social condition? The philosophical origins of the question of nature versus nurture, are steeped in the ancient Greek philosophers nomos-physis debate in which the question is man the product (his actions) of conventional law or natural law? If so, is it possible to be balance of both, as suggested by Plato’s construction of the kallopolis (ideal city) in The Republic. For centuries, in Western Philosophy, the debate of which has dominion over man, nature or nurture, has been key to the establishment of many disciplines in the arts and sciences such as sociology, philosophy, and biology. Research suggest in ancient Greek civilization, the debate was termed as the Nomos-Physis debate, in which Plato challenged and/or expounded upon Pre-Socratic philosophers beliefs as to which rules man. The core subject matter is not, as in Psychology, a debate of which determines the personality traits of an individual per se, but whether or not man acts according to the laws of nature (Physis) or laws of man (Nomos). Though it appears psychology is not the essence of the ancient question of nature versus nurture, what...
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...This paper explores if it is genotype or phenotype that makes people who they are. Scientists and biologists have disagreed for many years which of these characteristics has the greatest impact on the psychological development of a person, particularly children. There is no dispute that nature is responsible for our genetic makeup - the colour of our eyes, hair and our height. But is this the same for behaviour? If a person is aggressive is this due to having been born with aggressive tendencies or is it a learned behaviour through their own upbringing? I have been able to observe a Year 4 child who has a twin brother in another school but the brothers live together in the same home environment. The reason the children are in different schools is because one child had been excluded from the school with his siblings and was transferred to a behavioural unit. There the child was diagnosed with dyspraxia which was causing him to lose his temper and lash out at his peers in frustration. This gave an ideal opportunity to observe the influences of nature and nurture on the development of 2 otherwise identical children. For most children with dyspraxia it is unknown why they have the condition. Children with developmental dyspraxia are found not to have any clear neurological disease. Research suggests that there is an under developed neurone while the brain was developing. Dyspraxia is a recognised impairment of movement commonly known as clumsy child syndrome. Children with...
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...Versus: Competition is a Child’s Best Competitor Life is not fair. One of the most overused phrases still to this day. That phrase is overused for a reason. Life really is not fair. During early adolescence we are taught to share your things, be fair, and that everyone is equal. How nice this American society would be if those virtues of being equal were true, but sadly it is not. As someone’s cognitive abilities develop and they start to assess their abilities, they automatically compare them to others, sometimes not even on purpose. As we grow up we learn that this society is a “dog-eat-dog” world, and if people do not possess the necessary skills and characteristics that one needs to get ahead or be on top, other people who are equipped with those essential skills will not even think twice about surpassing those who are lacking. By the time some people realize that America is dog-eat-dog society, they haven’t been prepared to handle competition correctly. The mere thought of a little competition scares the hell out of most people. That first loss that is handed to them during adolescence where their winning classmate throws up the “L” shape on their forehead and yells out “loser!” is almost unbearable. They completely bomb that group interview and are outshined by others in the same room where they have to openly compete for a spot in a company. Almost your entire life you have to compete either with yourself or others. Competition is very beneficial for adolescents and...
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...Learning Team Outline POS 355, Outline of the UNIX/Linux Versus Mac versus Windows Paper I. Memory management a. UNIX®/Linux® i. Memory ii. Memory Management iii. Aging iv. Life Cycle b. Mac® v. Organization of memory vi. System Heap vii. System Global Variables viii. Temporary Memory ix. Pointers x. Invalid Handlers xi. Low-Memory Conditions xii. Virtual Memory c. Microsoft® Windows® Operating systems xiii. Paging in x86 processor xiv. Page Management xv. Memory Protection xvi. Logical Memory Layout II. Process management d. UNIX®/Linux® xvii. Process management within the UNIX OS is based of command prompts via Linux Terminal. xviii. Top ten commands that are helpful in process management * Top * Htop * Ps * Pstree * Kill * Pgrep * Pkill & killall * Renice * Xkill e. Mac® xix. Activity Monitor: process manager within the Mac OS. xx. User interaction and efficiency how does Activity Manager help. f. Microsoft® Windows® Operating systems xxi. Task Manager xxii. User interaction and efficiency how does Task Manager help and or is less effective than Activity Manager. III. File management xxiii. Compare and contrast how file management operates respectively...
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...Introduction of Operating Systems In today’s technological world there are so many different, new and exciting advances happening every day. But many of us are confused, when it comes to the basic understanding of this new technology. The area people need to start when trying to understand the basics of any computer hardware system would the operating system. Operating systems are a program which manages the computer’s hardware. These systems provide a basis for application programs and intermediate between the computer’s user and its hardware. There are many different types of Operating serves that are available to use. There are four main Operating systems that are used in today’s Technological world: UNIX, Linux, Mac, and Windows. Each one of these systems has its own unique aspects to offer users, while still sharing the same basics that an operating system needs. Memory Management UNIX/Linux In comparison to other operating systems, UNIX is quite different when it comes to managing its memory. It uses extremely sophisticated memory management algorithms to make the best use of memory resources. Though UNIX and Linux are extremely similar when it comes to how things work internally, there are slight differences that make UNIX distinct. One process that UNIX uses is Swapping; this is done by moving chunks of the Virtual Memory, known as pages, out of the main memory and moving others in. In order for this process to work at its best, those pages...
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...Regionalism versus Multilateralism Taking one step back to take two steps forward One would be hard-pressed to a find a country in the world today which is not a member of a regional agreement. In fact, most countries are members of numerous such agreements. Regionalism, multilateralism, globalization and interdependence are all phrases that are heard and used often. The problem, then, is not the recognition of these issues, but rather reaching some form of consensus on what their implications will be. In recent years, the growth of regional trade agreements has been one of the most significant developments in international relations, and the impact of these agreements on the multilateral trading system as well as on the economic and political relationships between countries, is a topic on which both economists and policymakers are divided. The available literature on this subject is overwhelming, with authors that include Paul Krugman, Alan Winters and Jagdish Bhagwati. This paper will provide a brief overview of the different stages of regional integration, examples of such regional agreements, and the basic elements of each type of regional agreement. Thereafter, I will give my own opinion on the rise of regionalism and the global implications this phenomena holds. Table 1: Stages of economic integration, their basic elements and examples of agreements Stages of Economic Integration Basic elements & examples of agreements Basic elements and examples of agreements ...
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...Running Head: ADA VERSUS ADM ADA versus ADM Christina Dickinson Grand Canyon University: EDA 535 November 8, 2011 ADA Versus ADM Many factors must go into account when distributing funds in schools. Some of the funds must be distributed between administration, teachers and support staff salaries, bus drivers, coaches, and school police to name a few. Once all the funds are distributed throughout the district, then the focus becomes on student allocation. When allocating money for students, the school district needs to take into consideration meal plans for the lower economical students, after school activities, and extra-curricular programs. The question becomes whether or not we allocate funds bases on our students daily attendance or their average daily membership? In order to determine how student funds should be allocated we must understand what average daily attendance (ADA) and average daily membership (ADM) and the differences between the two. It is important to also understand how each of them could be applies to our school districts budget. According to EdSource, average daily attendance is defined as the total number of days of attendance for all students divided by the total number of school days in a given period (2011). There are many aspects to think about when deciding whether ADA will work for our school district. As a school district, we must look into how many students we have to provide funding for throughout the entire district. We also...
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...AND versus BSN, which degree to pursue Dawn York Grand Canyon University Professional Dynamics NRS 430v Michael Jones April 15, 2012 The age old question rear its ugly head again, do I pursue a 2 year degree or a 4 year degree? Will it make me a better nurse to obtain my 4 year degree? In this paper we will discuss the differences between a 2 year and a 4 year degree and the difference in the work place between the nurses that have the 2 different degrees. From here on forward a 2 year degree will be referred to as ADN and a 4 year degree as BSN. ADN nursing degree consists of a two year program, after prerequisites, which prepares the nurse to be a “technical nurse” and have them eligible to sit for their NCLEX. After successful completion of the NCLEX they are now registered nurses. These nurses are now able to work at entry level in a hospital. While in school, each student receives a strong foundation of knowledge and skills in nursing. The areas of nursing these are: fundamentals, medical surgical, and critical care. They are encouraged to take continuing education courses and receive their baccalaureate as well (Cresia & Friberg, 2011). This type of degree is a lot less costly, less time consuming, and less requirements. In contrast, the BSN nursing degree offers 2 more years of schooling with more patient education classes and management classes. “Baccalaureate degree (BSN) offer students a solid liberal education and substantive upper-division...
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...parent that is the creation of an individual brand would not be possible for Marriott in this case. Primarily because here the consumer is looking for her needs to be met within the universe of Marriott-backed service guarantee. The “endorsement” is necessary. In effect, branding strategies must be guided by, as well as geared towards, achieving a larger goal. Let us consider the examples of telecommunications player Tata DoCoMo and two-wheeler major Bajaj Auto, two brands that have chosen to take completely opposite routes around the same time to illustrate the dos and don’ts of the branding journey. And yet, each has valuable lessons in store for future managers. One versus many The Strategist looks at the recent experiences of TataDoCoMo and Bajaj Auto to check if the textbook assumptions about umbrella versus multiple branding stand true on the ground MASOOM GUPTE he standard view of business growth is that growth is always good, bigger is always better and that companies must grow or die. While every company aspires to grow its business, an expanding business brings with it a host of new risks: too many people, too many locations, too many products and at times, too many brands T to contend with. At least for marketing managers the choice is clear: they have to decide whether they prefer the simplicity of unified or umbrella branding or the frenetic juggling of a multi brand portfolio. The choice appears simple but it is not one that can be settled by the flip of a...
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...Cable Modem versus Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) By XXXX XXXX Devry University Professor Bonita Reed January 20, 2011 Author Note This paper was prepared for English 112, taught by Professor Reed. Abstract Unless you live or work in a remote or very rural area, you probably have the option of giving up that slow dial-up modem and investing in a broadband Internet connection. If high-speed Internet services are available, your choice is between DSL or cable modem services. Both DSL and cable modems are common home networking broadband connection technologies — but which option is better? In order to determine which is better, we need to discuss them in detail. DSL uses a technique for placing a digital data onto copper wires. Cable Modem versus Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) DSL and cable modems are common home networking broadband connection technologies but which option is better? In order to determine which is better, we need to discuss them in detail. DSL uses a technique for placing a digital data onto copper wires). What is a DSL? DSL is a high-speed internet service like cable Internet. DSL provides high-speed networking over ordinary phone lines using broad band technology. DSL is also called an always-on connection because it uses existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to the premise and will...
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