...as I will.‟ „And the curate does not teach you to read and write, then?‟ I pursued. „No, I was told the curate should have his— teeth dashed down his — throat, if he stepped over the threshold — Heathcliff had promised that!‟ (Chapter XI)] From the following excerpts we learn about the poor relationship between Isabella and Heathcliff, which adds credit to my assertion that Heathcliff’s character does suffer from a psychological disorder. [„My young lady is looking sadly the worse for her change of condition,‟ I remarked. „Somebody‟s love comes short in her case, obviously; whose, I may guess; but, perhaps, I shouldn‟t say.‟ „I should guess it was her own,‟ said Heathcliff. „She degenerates into a mere slut! She is tired of trying to please me uncommonly early. You‟d h ardly credit it, but the very morrow of our wedding she was weeping to go home. However, she‟ll suit this house so much the better for not being over nice, and I‟ll take care she does not disgrace me by rambling abroad.‟(Chapter XIV) „Take care, Ellen!‟ answered Isabella, her eyes sparkling irefully; there was no misdoubting by their expression the full success of her partner‟s endeavours to make himself detested. „Don‟t put faith in a single word he speaks. He‟s a lying fiend! a monster, and not a human being! I‟ve been told I might leave him before; and I‟ve made the attempt, but I dare not repeat it! Only, Ellen, promise you‟ll not mention...
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...owner or household-members have a higher possibility to be victimized in a dog attack. Over the last three decades, numerous of researches have been indicated that owner attachment levels and dog characteristics are the major factors leading to aggressive responses in pet dogs (Borchelt, 1983; Landsberg, 1991; Hunthausen, 1997; Hsu and Sun, 2010). Although these findings provide evidence for the link between owner-dog interaction and the aggressive behavior problem in pet dogs, surprisingly little research has examined the link between pet dogs-directed aggression in human and the controlling behavior in a relationship. To redress this imbalance, it is important to explore the connection between pet dogs aggressive behavior and domestic violence. Aims and Objectives The aims of this present study are to explore the connection between human directed aggression by pet dogs and controlling behavior in a relationship, to critically examine the circumstances and effects on the victims, and to analyze the comparison between abuse towards human by pet dogs and...
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...and gender violence in The Democratic Republic of Congo has been marked by extreme brutality including rape, gang rape, genital mutilation, sexual slavery, and insertion of objects into cavities. “You know, [rape] is also because of the suffering from being hungry, not having anything, living like animals [tozovivre lokola banyama] … Even the dogs here eat better than us! We were hungry yesterday, today hungry and tomorrow hungry [nzala lobi, nzala lelo, nzala lisusu lobi]. Also when we get it, you should see it: look at this! [pointing to plate with dark fufu on the ground]. When we get something this is what we get. Not even the pigs would eat it. Also, is this food for soldiers in combat who have to walk long distances and carry heavy weapons? It also makes people angry and anger makes you want to do bad stuff. Rape is also part of that. But it is not good.” The Complexity of Violence: a critical analysis of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nordic Africa Institute, 2010 As the conflict is fought within communities, violence occurs mostly in homes, villages, and in the fields where people work. Communities are often targeted for conspiring with the enemy or are looted after a skirmish. The Congolese security forces have also been known to loot (and commit acts of sexual violence on the civilian population) due to unpaid salaries or during mutinies against officers. All sides in the conflict have committed systematic rape and gender violence including the...
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...YOUTH VIOLENCE IN SCHOOL Introduction There is a great amount of youth violence in schools. According to the Division of Violence Prevention fact sheet (2012), youth violence has various behaviors, such as bullying, slapping or hitting. These types of violence behaviors can cause more emotional damage than physical harm. There are a number of reasons why youth become violence. This essay will describe the cause and effects on youth violence in schools. Mental and Behavior Causes Students with disorders such as bi-polar disease or depression find it hard to see anything positive in their lives. When they become ridiculed or turned down by classmates they tend to obsess over their own faults. This can cause them to take their lives or others’ lives that have harmed them. According to Cullen (2012), this was partly the case for one of the Columbine killers, Dylan Klebold. Cullen discusses the other Columbine killer, Eric Harris, as a psychopath who raged in his journals about everything he hated in the world. Students with disorders such as opposite defiant disorder, demonstrate violence and rebellious acts in children and teenagers. These disorders show aggression and destructive behaviors towards authority. External Causes Violence on TV, music, movies and video games are known contributions in the rise of violence in the schools. School violence...
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...Running head: DIFFUSING ANGRY PATIENTS AND VIOLENCE 2 Assessing and Diffusing the Angry Patient to Prevent Workplace Violence The decline of manners is well noted in society with bullying rampant in the schools and a new breed of language such as “road rage”, going “postal” and “whacked” becoming accepted mainstream lingo. In service transactions, which do include nursing, rudeness is widespread where the customer (i.e., the patient) has the mentality that s/he is always right. Moreover, the healthcare setting, a place where one usually goes for necessities, not optional visits, is often scenes of chaos fraught with intense anxiety and nerves. Those moods and environment coupled together is a powder keg for violence; unfortunately, workplace violence for healthcare workers. Workplace violence (WPV) can take many forms, including verbal and emotional abuse; physical assault; threats of physical violence; bullying, unwanted sexual advances; and various forms of harassment (Chapman, Perry, Styles & Combs, 2009). According to the CDC, healthcare workers are four times more likely to be assaulted in the workplace than people who work in the private sector (Moz, 2009). Nurses are vulnerable to WPV given their occupation requirements and need to interact with patients. Of the various specialties of nursing, nurses who work in the emergency departments (ED), psychiatric units, and nursing homes, often encountered the greatest risk...
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...Social motivation Psyc104 Aggression and violence * Why do humans hurt one another? aggression is a fundamental social motive * The role of learning and modelling people become violent by watching violence, if children see a lot of aggression they become aggressive which is called social learning accounts * Bandura argued (1980) children come into the world who are innocent and their learning from parents, siblings, television and they conducted the BoBo doll experiment sat them behind the window watching an adult bashing this doll and playing and some adults were very violent and others were gentle and the children were then allowed to do whatever they wanted with the doll the children who saw the adults aggressive with the doll mimicked such * Greitemeyer and mugged (2014) meta analysis of 98 studies of 37,000 people, found significant, positive relationship between violent video games and aggressive behaviour Social learning problems * Doesn’t explain the origins of human violence * Why have humans behaved aggressively throughout history and across cultures? * Why are humans attracted to violence, even though they fear it * Is human aggression learned (social learning) or instinctive or both? “instinctive” accounts * Aggression as instinct: * Darwin-aggression functions to assert power and dominance * Threat and appeasement displays Freud and Lorenz * Freud the ‘death’ instinct hurt people they...
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...that surrounds them, which makes them easy targets in terms of manipulation and victimization by the medias constant influence. By the time of adulthood, individuals are already under the influence of the mass media. Society appears to have a subconscious fixation with the mass media, resulting in individuals becoming desensitized to violence and to be detrimental affected. Psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists all obtain different beliefs to provide reasons to why violence continues to be a predominant factor in today's culture. The media promotes violence, and can be blamed for awarding violent behavior like in the cases of Columbine and Virginia Tec, who both received tons of exposure. Violence is a primary component of several individuals’ lives, especially in the youth culture, as many turn to the media for a sense of direction, resulting in them resembling the images they view, shaping their behaviors. Desensitization is a psychological development that has frequently been implicated in explaining viewers' unemotional reactions to the medias constant portrayal of violence (cite). Societies continuous exposure to the medias violence results in desensitization, which causes undermine feelings of concern, compassion, or empathy that individuals may end up having toward victims of actual violent acts (cite).The average child between the ages of eight to eighteen spends approximately forty-four point five hours weekly watching television, resulting in them transforming...
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...Violence in Literature Jesse Weld 20 June 2012 World Literature II Maybee South University Violence is a apart of literature just as it is a part of our lives. Violence in literature is a story about our lives. Authors write about violence because it is inevitable in life. Authors are human just like us. So naturally, by reading literature violence is going to appear. Humans are only bound by their imagination as to how violent we can get. This is why violence is so prevalent inside the literature we read, because it is synonymous with our lives. We have to either see, hear, or talk about violence everyday of our lives. Literature reveals the types of violence that is experienced throughout time. Different periods of time have different views and tactics about violence. Now, in the twenty-first century technology has changed the way violence is executed. Literature has evolved along with the violence throughout time. When violence in literature changes so does violence in reality. Sometimes reality is recorded in literature as like a violence timeline. This tells people how and why violence changes or evolves into how we view violence today. Society changes towards more civilized people. No longer are there events like public hangings, decapitation, and showdowns. I know there are some cultures still may execute these events, but not very likely in the twenty-first century. In “Candide,” by Voltaire, the human capacity for violence is inspired...
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...believe that violent video games have negative affects and produce social violence. At the same time there are those who believe that violent video games have positive effects. From my experience with violent video games I take no side in this argument. I would like to present a neutral view on this topic by showing you the positive and negative effects of violent video games. For years, psychologists have been arguing which is more important in a child’s life: genetics or how the child is raised. By looking at what the child is allowed to view and do gives insight into this question. Violent video games do influence a child. Whether or not this influence is good or bad is a point that will be expressed in this paper. Advocates believe that playing violent video games provide a safe outlet for aggressive behavior. Violent juvenile crime has been declining as violent video games popularity has been increasing. The link between violent video games and violent behavior has not been proven. Players should understand the game they are playing is not real despite how realistic violent video games have become. Advocates for video games claim that they can promote an outlet for children and teens to release their aggression and stress. This aggression and stress is usually collected throughout their daily lives and interactions with others. Violent video games provide a way for them to virtually inflict pain and violence against those that are perceived to do them harm. Rather than initiating...
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...institution, focused on Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education Oto-Ijanikin and Lagos State University, Ojo as case study. The current aggressive tendencies and violent behaviours of Nigerian students were investigated the genesis, causes and their effect on moral development of the learners were equally considered. One hundred students, 50 from each institution were involved in the study. The findings reveal that cults and gangsters’ activities in the two campuses and other tertiary institutions in Nigeria is an epitome of moral decadence thus, affect their academic and moral development. It therefore connotes that if hands are not on deck to wage war against these two virulent school diseases, Nigerian institutions will constantly nurture and breed indisciplined people. It is recommended that parents should be made to sign a deed of undertaking before their children could be admitted in school, the school security department should be equipped with modern and sophisticated security gadgets, universities and colleges should established a well equipped guidance and counselling unit and that Religious Education as a core subject should be made compulsory. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: cultism, gansterism, tertiary institutions, undergraduate students __________________________________________________________________________________________ I TRODUCTIO Research on cultism and gangsterism has long being the interest...
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...The Nature and Nurture of Aggression OUTLINE: * Theories of Aggression * Psychological Influences on Aggression * Environmental Influences on Aggression * Reducing Aggression * A social Learning Approach * Cultural Change & World Violence Aggression – physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm * kicks and slaps, threats and insults, gossip or snide “digs” (online bullying) Instrumental Aggression – aims to injure too – but only as a means to some other end. * Terrorism – a strategic tool used during conflict; attaining hero or martyr status. * Wars – an instrumental act of liberation and of self defense against presumed weapons of mass destruction. * Bully – seeks to demonstrate their dominance and high status. Theories of Agression * Agression an Instinct Is Aggression an Instinct? Aggressive energy is instinctive; if not discharged, it supposedly builds up until it explodes or until an appropriate stimulus releases it. * Mouse releasing a mousetrap * Neural Influences Researchers have found neural systems (specific areas of the brain) when stimulated produce aggression. * Amygdala * Prefrontal cortex * Genetic Influences Heredity influences the neural system's sensitivity to aggressive cues. Aggressiveness also varies among individuals. * Blood Chemistry Influences neural sensitivity to aggressive stimulation. * ALCOHOL – enhances aggressiveness...
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...Victomology Victims of Crimes and the Media Violent crime, gangs, and drugs are tearing our families apart. Violent crime and victims have become an issue in America and the rest of world. The negative effects of television, Movie Theater or any kind of media is affecting our children and teenagers. Statistics indicate a decline in violent crimes in our country and an increase in our national population in prisons. It is indisputable that our families are the victims in these drugs, gangs and organized crime issues in our communities. Nobody can discussed or argue that we need to stop this malicious act of violence. In addition, nobody can disagree that this violent crime is hard to fight. Gangs are born in impoverished sections of major cities. However, gangs and drugs activities are not limited to inner cities. Gangs and drugs are in suburbs and rural communities and in communities of great economic diversity. Gangs do not recruit certain type of race, economy or cultural status. Exist in every level and every kind of community. (Stewart, 1989). Therefore, our problem is everywhere and anywhere. The lack of parental supervision, employment, recreational opportunity and breakdown in family structure are the main reasons why our children are joining the ranks of these organized criminal institutions. It could be wrong to say it, but the truth is these gangs provide them (our children) with enough companionship, protection...
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...JORIND 10 (2), June, 2012. ISSN 1596 - 8308. www.transcampus.org./journals, www.ajol.info/journals/jorind NOLLYWOOD MOVIES ANDNIGERIAN YOUTHS-AN EVALUATION J. O.Nnabuko Department of Marketing. University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus,Nigeria and Tina C. Anatsui Department of Mass Communication. Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria E-mail: chinyere_06@yahoo.com+234-805-2422-918 Abstract This paper is an advocacys on the impacts of Nollywood movies as the two-edge sword for the national development. It contends that its establishment has helped greatly in developing talents, and serves as a medium of entertainment and communication. It also highlights various critics that praised the ability of Nollywood industry in the past, and expresses concern on the reverse focus on the negative themes and its negative impact on youth behaviour and the image of Nigeria. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis based on the empirical secondary and primary data were employed. The data collected on both were presented in tabular form and analyzed using simple percentages. Purposive random sampling technique and questionnaire as an instrument were used during the class-meeting. Keywords: Nollywood, behavior, youths, movies Introduction Film was introduced into Nigeria in the 1900’s by the British colonialist who used it for propaganda purposes, while the church used it to spread the Gospel.The Colonial Administration and the Church saw film not only as a medium of entertainment but as...
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...JORIND 10 (2), June, 2012. ISSN 1596 - 8308. www.transcampus.org./journals, www.ajol.info/journals/jorind NOLLYWOOD MOVIES ANDNIGERIAN YOUTHS-AN EVALUATION J. O.Nnabuko Department of Marketing. University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus,Nigeria and Tina C. Anatsui Department of Mass Communication. Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria E-mail: chinyere_06@yahoo.com+234-805-2422-918 Abstract This paper is an advocacys on the impacts of Nollywood movies as the two-edge sword for the national development. It contends that its establishment has helped greatly in developing talents, and serves as a medium of entertainment and communication. It also highlights various critics that praised the ability of Nollywood industry in the past, and expresses concern on the reverse focus on the negative themes and its negative impact on youth behaviour and the image of Nigeria. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis based on the empirical secondary and primary data were employed. The data collected on both were presented in tabular form and analyzed using simple percentages. Purposive random sampling technique and questionnaire as an instrument were used during the class-meeting. Keywords: Nollywood, behavior, youths, movies Introduction Film was introduced into Nigeria in the 1900’s by the British colonialist who used it for propaganda purposes, while the church used it to spread the Gospel.The Colonial Administration and the Church saw film not only as a medium...
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...Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl In Harriet Jacob’s book; Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, She retells her life in a compelling story that shows just how unstable the lives of slaves were back then. Upon writing her book, Harriet Jacobs seeks to unveil the truth about life for slaves in the antebellum South. She depicts the cruel punishments, deprivation of food and appropriate clothing, harsh labor and broken families. In her book, she focuses a great deal on the prohibition of strong family ties by the selling off of family members or the forced dissolution of marriages, detailing the grief felt by mothers who saw their children sent away and the despair felt by Harriet when she realized she could not marry who she wanted. Harriet focuses on female slaves, who were subject to being raped and had to bear their masters' children. This book gave me a better view of how women were treated back then. Not only were women inferior, slave women were just useful for hard work and producing more slaves. It is kind of sickening knowing that women have been preyed upon like that and still undergo rapes and domestic abuse today. It would be interesting to know what kind of people think rape is acceptable as there are many still going on today. As you may read in other papers, I feel that women have always been considered the weaker sex. Not to say that men are evil and women are helpless, but genetics makes women less strong. Therefore they are more vulnerable...
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