...Sport Psychology PE 511 Annotated Bibliography Coakley, J. (2014). Violence in sports: How does it affect our lives?. (11th ed). Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies. New York, NY. McGraw Hill. The author goes into great detail discussing violence: defining it, giving an account for violence throughout history, discussing violence on as well as off the field, and how it affects the lives of various individuals. The author also goes into great detail informing his audience on the various types of violence one may encounter in the sports arena. Some issues may be small, but on the other hand some situations pertaining to violence and sports are very serious, and should be viewed accordingly. I think the intended audience can be applied to everyone who plays any sport, coach a sport, and anyone who goes to any type sports activities. This article is the foundation of my research and all other articles will add to this one. Jewell, R., Moti, A, and Coates, D. (2011). Violence and Aggression in Spectator Sports. Economics, History and Policy, Sports Economics, Management and Policy 4. (11). 11-26. The authors in this article make a lot of interesting points when discussing violence and aggression in spectator sports. This article in intended for people who are concerned with the violent acts that occur in sports. The author briefly discusses the history of sports in Mesoamerican and Greek cultures. The article also discusses the revenue that is made from...
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...The Bridge to Violence: Does Contact Sport Promote Violence Outside of the Game? Dylan Cartier PEDS 401: Applied Ethics in Physical Education and Sport Judy Davidson March 2nd, 2015 When athletes compete in a contact sport, everyone involved is aware that the contact could create more aggression and competition to those involved. Each player assumes the risks involved, incorporates physical play into their game, and uses those means necessary to gain advantages or in the end, win the game at hand. The age old question is; do contact sports increase the aggressiveness of athletes to the point that the aggression translates through into society itself? Thesis: During sport that demands physical contact, there are athletes who are predisposed to violent behaviour, athletes held accountable by their actions on and off the playing field and athletes which use physical dominance to gain an advantage, I do not believe violence in sports promotes violence outside of the game. The ethical dilemma involved here is that people believe that contact sports promote violence outside of sport. This is ethically significant because certain athletes’ prudence and safety may be compromised after participating in such sports. This is ethically significant because we must allow for the choice of free will amongst athletes, even if they choose to assume all risks that come along with physically combative sports. However, someone may use this aggression outside of sport and could sacrifice their...
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...years now is violence in sports. Some question if violence on the field, carries over to violence off the field making it hard for athletes to differentiate game like situations to real life situations. In both professional and collegiate levels people hear many stories about athletes being involved in sexual abuse, physical abuse, harassment, and other violent cases. If this is something that is continuing, what can the professional and collegiate levels do to educate and help put a stop to athletes being involved with violence and criminal law? Looking at sports we see that there is violence on the field, but this is normal, this does not fall into the category of regular violence, but competitive sports. The definition of violence is the use of excessive physical force, which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction. We then can break violence down into four different categories. The first type is brutal body contact; this is physical practices common in certain sports and accepted by athletes as part of sport participation. The second type is borderline violence; this is practices that violate rules of the game but are accepted by most players and coaches, like players pushing back getting positioning on a rebound. The third type is quasi-criminal violence that violates the rules of the game; examples of this would be cheap shots, late hits, sucker punches, and things of that nature. The last type of violence would be criminal violence, which is...
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...Violence In Sports We all know that violence comes into sports. What would a Saturday afternoon on the football field be like without the odd punch up on the field? How would we get our hockey fix if the players did not get a little rough every so often? And what would we do if instead of running into each other, our NFL heroes politely squeezed passed the defensive line uttering, "pardon me" before making their way to the touchdown. Violence is a part of sports, no matter how much the professional associations deny the fact. Violence in sports is a form of entertainment and with out it watching sports on the TV wouldn’t be the same. Lets look at the facts, plenty of football matches involve the post-tackle, and the referee will try and break it up, but hopefully and usually to no benefit. As football has grown wider, it has also increased the violence in the game. To measure its violence different scientific studies have been done. According to the reports, injuries in the game reduce the life expectancy of a football professional player by about twenty years. It has been calculated that the force of the collision between a fast-running lineman and an equally fast-running back, in a football game, is enough to move 33 tons one inch. A hard hit on the helmet can approach a force of 1000Gs, which is a thousand times the force of gravity. The injury statistics for high school, college, and pro football are pretty surprising. Each season at least fifty and as many as eighty-six...
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...and Violence in Sports Abstract Aggression and violence Violence in Sports Violence and aggression have always gone hand in hand with sports. Even sports in ancient Greece were based on malicious warrior sports like chariot racing, wrestling, and boxing (Coakley, 2009). Death matches were a regular with the Mayans and Aztecs. During the medieval times tournaments were created for war training and often the end result was death. Extreme violence was common in sports the same way it is common in today’s sports world. This quote by Lynn Jamieson, associate professor at Indiana University describes the acceptance of violence in sports: "Sport tends to reflect society, and we live in a violent era," she said. "We have a violent society where people use violence to solve problems instead of using other means." Eric Dunning (1999) notes that violence still exists in the modern day sports because their goal is to “create tension rather than relieve or discharge it.” Aggression and violence are often confused as being the same thing. Aggression is “an intentional behavior aimed at causing either physical or psychological pain” (Lee, 2009, p. 78). Violence is “the use of excessive physical force, which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction” (Coakley, 2009, p. 196). Many people associate violence with actions that are illegal or unsanctioned, but in some societies violence is encouraged and a part of life. Aggression often involves violence, but...
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...Seminarski Rad Nasilje u sportu 5/17/2010 Sadržaj: Uvod.....................................................................................................................................3 Agresivnost..........................................................................................................................4 Huliganstvo..........................................................................................................................6 Pojam „navijač“...................................................................................................................8 Uzroci nasilja na stadionima................................................................................................9 Nasilje na stadionima kao vid političkog ponašanja..........................................................11 Žrtve nasilja na stadionima................................................................................................13 Čovek koji je preko noći postao najozloglašeniji engleski navijač...................................22 Zaključak............................................................................................................................27 Literatura:...........................................................................................................................28 Uvod Jedan od najvećih problema sa kojim se suočava naša zemlja i veoma kontraverzna tema koja je u Srbiji još uvek tabu, a samim tim i glavni pokretač...
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...Overview “Violence is a disease, a disease that corrupts all who use it regardless of the cause.” These are the wise words of renowned author Chris Hedges. In today’s society, this proverbial disease has spread and has come to plague one demographic in particular: teenagers. It appears that incidents of teenage violence are always swarming the media and dominating news coverage which has led to psychologists and sociologists desperately trying to find the source of this aggression. However, even in this epidemic of violence amongst adolescents, there is one social organization in which acts of violence are not just tolerated, but glorified and encouraged as well; the world of contact sports. Could participation in contact sports be a major contributing factor in the widespread occurrence of teen violence? This study focuses on the correlation between teenagers’ involvement in contact sports, and their development of violent tendencies, and it will help reveal whether there is a correlation at all between the two, and if so to what degree. Specifically, it will explain if, through the acceptance of violent acts performed in sports, a teenager is desensitized to violence and assumes those same acts are tolerated outside of the sports environment. It will also tap into the closely related matter of whether the glorification of these violent acts in sports, subconsciously teaches teenagers that violence is a good thing even outside of the sports environment. Finally, it will...
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...Chanel Calvin Mr. Stern English 111 March 3, 2015 Sports are too Violent Sports are activities done for pleasure which require physical and skill effort; however, violence in sports has become extremely violent. Athletes are involved, but coaches, referees, and spectators are also involved. In recent years, there has been an increase in the frequent and seriousness of acts of violence, and are most prevalent in team contact sports, such as football, ice hockey and soccer. Violence in some sports has also become a part of the entertainment arena. There are many casualties of violence in professional sports. Football is one of the most popular sports in the world, but it can be a very brutal sport. Players are hitting with the intent to injure or intimidate players, it may be part of a strategy developed by coaches or players, but with those intention come consequences. In recent years, the head injuries involved in football have been disturbingly high. Because head injuries can result in tragic effects sure as concussions, permanent brain damage including memory loss and depression; many rules have had to be enforced for player safety. Ice hockey is a very physical sport it is one of the most notorious sport for excessive violence. There are physical abuse of officials, player fights, and deliberate injuring of opponents. Ice hockey is known to have a fight on regularly occasion, and referees take their “sweet time” to break them up. This is one reason...
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...Violence in ice hockey has been an identifying staple in the sport since “the first hockey leagues formed in the mid-1880’s,” (Ice Hockey Origins, Growth and Changes in the Game). Since the modern era of hockey, and the creation of the Stanley Cup, hockey has been viewed as one of the most violent sports in western civilization. Clarence Campbell, former NHL President has even said that “[w]ithout violence, there would be no such thing as hockey,” (Coakley). To an extent hockey is unmatched in illegal assaults by any other sport, in both amateur and professional leagues, (Colburn). This does not mean that the contact in other sports is not as intense as hockey, for example rugby and football are both very “violent” sports, but this “violence” is carried out within the rules of the game. Hockey is different because it allows fistfights, which are acts of violence that are carried out outside the rules of the game. Hockey fights occur during stoppages of play, or if one breaks out during the play, the play is whistled down immediately in order to break up the fight. What makes this phenomenon interesting is the fact that in many amateur leagues and most professional leagues a five-minute penalty is assessed to the players involved in a fight. In other sports, where similar interactions between players do occur occasionally, an immediate ejection from the game is the penalty. What this does is “tacitly permit fighting by imposing a relatively lenient penalty,” (Colburn). During...
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...Violence on the Sidelines in Youth Sports Violence on the Sidelines in Youth Sports Everyone agrees that parent involvement is a good thing. But when the parent behaves inappropriately it creates a poor environment for the children to learn and enjoy themselves. "Sideline rage" with parents behaving badly at youth sports events is such an epidemic, that 76% of respondents from 60 high school athletic associations said increased spectator interference is causing many officials to quit (Associated Press, 6/3/01). Parents are supposed to be role models, and the lessons they teach will determine their values and actions in the future. These days violence in children's sports is not limited to the playing field; overbearing parents are creating dangerous situations on the field. Involving your child in sports is important part of growing up. There are several benefits to children playing sports. The child will learn how to make friends outside of school, church, and family. It will help develop self-esteem and physical skills. They discover what it means to be a member of a team and how to win and lose with self-respect. Children also need to be active every day; exercise promotes growth and improves physical and emotional health. The Office of the Surgeon General states that active children are at less risk to high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease as well as many cancers (Office of the Surgeon General, January 11, 2007). Growing up, my brothers participated...
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...Involving your child in sports is important part of growing up. There are several benefits to children playing sports. The child will learn how to make friends outside of school, church, and family. It will help develop self-esteem and physical skills. They discover what it means to be a member of a team and how to win and lose with self-respect. Children also need to be active every day; exercise promotes growth and improves physical and emotional health. The Office of the Surgeon General states that “active children are at less risk to high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease as well as many cancers” (Office of the Surgeon General 2007). Growing up, my brothers participated in many sports activities. They played hockey in the winter and baseball in the summer. Practice was held once a week and a game was scheduled for the weekend. The coach was usually a volunteer teacher or a parent of a teammate. In my brothers’ free time, they simply played whatever sport or game they wanted to play. Youth sports have changed in the past 30 years. Children as young as four years old are playing in one specialized sport and stay with this sport year round. At age ten, many kids have private coaching and attend specialized clinics in the off season. The coach is usually someone with a background in sports, either a retired professional player or coach. Practices are now scheduled for twice a week and attending a weekly clinic is strongly recommended, with a strength conditioning workout...
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...VIOLENCE IN SPORTS AND IT’S OCCURANCE DUE TO WAR There is a correlation between fights, hostility, and other violence in pro and amateur sports which can result in wars. The 2001 NHL season occurred during the Iraqi Civil War, and the NHL had one of the toughest starts ever. Six players had been suspended and 82 major penalties like fighting were given in 42 games, compared to the season before this which was an increase in 44%. Increase of violence in sports during times of war is no coincidence, it is a representation of what is happening in society. Some questions to consider will be is there an explanation to this increase? What are some extreme cases that have led to investigation? And who has spoken out about this correlation? A theory called the cultural spillover theory...
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...The authors argue that much of the violence in sport today involves overconformity to the norms of the sport ethic. This contradicts arguments stating that commercialization and the media are the main causes of violence in sports today. Which side do you agree with and why? Although the media contributes to instigating violence, it is not the main cause of violence in sports today for several reasons. Firstly, Athletes use media to promote themselves. Due to television being the main way of communication, people use it as a way to become famous. They want to show their abilities to the public in order to gain recognition and acceptances of fans and other athletes. I believe that overconformity of violence is some of the way that athletes increase their popularity, so that they can become legends on and off the field. One of the reason that society attribute good values to athletes who do that. “He is courageous, he sacrifices himself for the team, he plays with injuries, He tackles like a man”, are some of the comments from the public who created that image of sports. In addition, athletes are benefited if they follow that conception. Because of the media coverage, they will be contracted by great sport clubs, and they will be recognized as a true professional player. The society already gave meaning to sports, so the media transmits and shows what people want to see. Secondly, part of the violence is attributed to some gender ideology. Nowadays, a great part of the population...
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...Hooliganism among Sport Spectators Name XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Professor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Course XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Date XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Hooliganism among Sport Spectators The term hooliganism is not new to anyone who has been keeping in touch with world news, especially concerning sports. The behavior of hooliganism is one that has been existent for a long time, and is very prevalent in the contemporary world. Football matches for instance have always been marred by such developments where the spectators have turned against rival spectators. In this case, the rival spectators are identified as those supporting a rival team. The violence against different team supporters have usually led to the destruction of property, injuries and in some unfortunate events, it has resulted to the loss of lives. These are issues that the world is currently facing. The entire universe has in one way or another experienced such developments especially among the sport spectators. The emergence of football as one of the most watched and supported sport has put it at the very center of hooligan activities. Many hooliganism cases reported today are from soccer matches, where fans find it hard to accept defeat. The fact that so many people today closely follow the sport has made it prominent, with...
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...SPM 220 Complete Course Material(UOP) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Tutorial Purchased: 3 Times, Rating: A+ SPM 220 Week 1 CheckPoint: Moral and Nonmoral Values SPM 220 Week 2 Assignment: Principles and Exceptions SPM 220 Week 2 CheckPoint: Moral Principles SPM 220 Week 3 CheckPoint: Intimidation in Sport SPM 220 Week 4 Assignment: Kids Speak Out SPM 220 Week 4 CheckPoint: Violence in Sport SPM 220 Week 5 CheckPoint: Eligibility and Elimination in Sport SPM 220 Week 6 Assignment: Exploitation in Sport SPM 220 Week 6 CheckPoint: Commercialized Sport SPM 220 Week 7 CheckPoint: Ergogenic Aids in Sport SPM 220 Week 8 Assignment: Advantages and Disadvantages of Sport Technology SPM 220 Week 8 CheckPoint: Technology in Sport ------------------------------------------------------------------------- SPM 220 Week 1 CheckPoint: Moral and Nonmoral Values(UOP) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Tutorial Purchased: 2 Times, Rating: A+ Select one of the three scenarios presented on p. 18 of the text. Describe the moral values, nonmoral values, and ethical dilemma in your chosen scenario. Post a 200- to 300-word response to the Assignments Link forum by Week One Day 7 to the following questions: How you would resolve the dilemma without violating an ethical principle? ------------------------------------------------------------------------- SPM 220 Week 2 Assignment: Principles and Exceptions(UOP) ...
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