...Advanced Composites as High-End Engineered Materials K.S.Krishnamurthy, PhD Date : 05th March 2009 www.itcinfotech.com Advanced Composites as High-End Engineered Materials T he quest for using light-weight structural materials, which also have the necessary strengths, especially in aerospace industry led to the development of the modern fiber reinforced laminated composite materials in the late 70’s. While light weight metals such as aluminum or its alloys were widely used in the industry, they still lacked the necessary strengths and stiffnesses required in high strength applications. These limitations of pure materials or alloys were overcome by embedding fibers of glass, carbon, Boron and other substances in a metal or polymer matrix paving the way for an era of advanced man made materials of high strength. The fundamental idea of reinforcement of a weaker matrix material with tougher fibrous materials has, however, always existed since primitive times and is still being used in a variety of ways- in simple to complex engineering application domains. Mud mixed with jute or straw are still being used for building construction in certain societies, with an intuitive understating of the improvement in structural behavior. Reinforced cement concrete was invented with similar ideas, as hardened concrete though having a high compressive strength can resist negligible tensile loads. Mild steel bars with a good bond in the concrete matrix are designed to take all the...
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...def Pixel_RGB(px): setColor(px, makeColor((getRed (px) / 128) * 255, \ (getGreen(px) / 128) * 255, \ (getBlue (px) / 128) * 255)) return def Pixel_Negate(px): setColor(px, makeColor(255 - getRed (px), \ 255 - getGreen(px), \ 255 - getBlue (px))) return def Pixel_Mono(px): Avg = (getRed(px)+ getGreen(px) + getBlue(px))/3 if Avg > 127: setColor (px, white) else: setColor (px,black) return def Pixel_Gray (px): grayScale = (getRed(px) + getGreen(px) + getBlue(px)) setColor (px, makeColor(grayScale, grayScale, grayScale)) return def Pixel_Inc_R(px): R = getRed(px) R = R + 20 setRed(px, R) return def Pixel_Dec_R(px): R = getRed(px) R = R - 20 setRed(px, R) return def Pixel_Inc_G(px): G = getGreen(px) G = G + 20 setGreen(px,G) return def Pixel_Dec_G(px): G = getGreen(px) G = G - 20 setGreen(px,G) return def Pixel_Inc_B(px): B = getBlue(px) B = B + 20 setBlue(px, B) return def Pixel_Dec_B(px): B = getBlue(px) B = B - 20 setBlue(px, B) return def Pixel_Lighter(px): R = getRed(px) G = getGreen(px) B = getBlue(px) R = R + 20 G = G + 20 B = B + 20 setRed(px,R) setGreen(px,G) setBlue(px,B) return def Pixel_Darker (px): R = getRed(px) G = getGreen(px) B = getBlue(px) ...
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...A Critique of the ALARA Concept for Performing Pediatric Head Computed Tomography With the advancement in Computed Tomography (CT) imaging technology and image acquisition is the importance of patient safety, particularly in pediatric imaging. CT has become one of the most popular diagnostic tools used in the clinical environment. In some facilities, CT scans constitute as much as 67% of the patient's annual exposures to ionizing radiation (Furlow, 2012). Physicians and technologists alike must be knowledgeable on how to perform the ALARA principle on their patients in order to deliver the least amount of radiation dose possible while achieving diagnostic quality images. Image Gently Campaign Image Gently and the Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging has launched a campaign to increase the awareness of the importance of applying the ALARA principles when imaging pediatric patients with Computed Tomography. The Image Gently web site is a source of valuable information for parents of pediatric patients, physicians, technologists, and radiologists. The web site offers pediatric protocols as well as tracking mechanisms for parents of pediatric patients to keep track of their child's dose from clinical CT examinations. The web site offers educational resources for technologists through on-line presentations for continuing education in pediatric CT scanning describing techniques that technologists can employ to reduce dose to their pediatric patients. ...
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...The Future of Cardiovascular Diagnostics THE MARKET, TRENDS & FUTURE DIRECTIONS Extracted on: 20 Apr 2011 Reference Code: BI00021-008 Publication Date: 02 Mar 2010 Publisher: Datamonitor © Datamonitor This content is a licensed product, no part of this publication shall be reproduced, sold, modified or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Datamonitor. The information in this document has been extracted from published research by a registered user of the Datamonitor360 platform. Datamonitor shall not be responsible for any loss of original context and for any changes made to information following its extraction. All information was current at the time of extraction although the original content may have been subsequently updated. Please refer back to the website http://360.datamonitor.com/ to view the most recent content and the original source of the information. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law we exclude all representations, warranties and conditions relating to the facts of all publications. At time of publication no guarantee of accuracy or suitability, whether express or implied, shall attach to this publication (including, without limitation, any warranties implied by law of satisfactory quality, fitness for purpose and/or the use of reasonable care and skill). Please note that the findings, conclusions and recommendations...
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...What is actually virtual meeting on business? Recent years, advanced technology brought a lot of new opportunities in our life and on our businesses meanwhile these technological improvements get inside our life day by day. Virtual meeting is one of these opportunities which many businesses are using it and many of them will use in the future. Virtual meeting is having a meeting by using internet connection virtually with the other branches or other related companies that you work with. “Virtual meetings will never eradicate the need for traditional face-to-face meetings, but they often provide the least expensive means of bringing people together” (2011, Mittleman). As long as companies remain, people who work within these companies will travel to other countries or cities to have meetings but virtual meeting which is videoconferencing and telepresence will decrease these travels. What are the advantages of the virtual meetings on an organization? Maybe 15 years ago, if we talked about a virtual meeting, it would be so weird but now this is very common way to have a meeting and will be more than now. There are a lot of advantages of the virtual meetings first and important one for a business is saving time. The other important advantage is saving money. These two important things are actually main factors to consider for many businesses anytime. These virtual meetings will reduce your employees to travel for a meeting sometimes these meetings can last 1 week or...
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...dilemma as your family does not want to be relocated. The project has a six-month deadline. What factors should you consider in order to make this virtual assignment effective? Answer: First of all, virtual assignments is where the employees and managers are located in different areas as in this case, the Project Manager’s office is in London whereas the other six team members are in Munich. Thus, the Project Manager has to rely heavily on communication technologies such as telephone, email or video conference. In my opinion, the factors that has to be taken into consideration include effective use of technology, invest time in building relationships and trust, provide specific intercultural training and arrange face-to-face meeting occasionally. To bring a success to virtual assignments, I will need to be aware of the full range of technology tools available to us and become practices and proficient in their use. Without familiarizing the technology, it is difficult for managers to keep in touch with the team and it might end up slowing down the team performance. For instance, it will be a waste of time discovering the function of Skype tools during the virtual meeting. Besides that, as a newly-appointed Project Manager, trust and a comfortable level of social or personal interaction are enormously important for effective virtual assignments. It is crucial for me to find ways to engage with my members and create an appropriate and effective dynamic within the team. Initially...
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...New Medical Devices in the US August 13 2010 Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 2. Background and Framework……………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 2.1 Priority Medical Devices for the Netherlands…..……………………………………………………………………4 2.2 The US Vision: From see and treat to predict and prevent……………………………………………………6 2.3 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 3. Medical device sector in the US………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 3.1 Economic Impact…..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 3.2 The Sector by State…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………10 3.3 Key Institutes: Patent Applications in the Cluster Areas…..………………………………………………….13 3.4 Conclusions…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….20 4. Turning research into novel medical devices………………………………………………………………………………….22 4.1 The Medical Device Development Process…..……………………………………………………………………..22 4.2 CIMIT: A Structure for Medical Device Innovation…..………………………………………………………….23 4.3 Stanford Biodesign: Innovation as a Discipline…..………………………………………………………………..26 4.4 Conclusions and Recommendations…..……………………………………………………………………………….28 5. Summary and Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….30 6. Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….32 7. References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….33 Appendices A1 Selection of Key Institutes A2 Results Patent Analysis A3 Research...
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...Company Background First Class Realty (FCR) in Orland Park, IL is an independently owned and operated real estate organization with over 200 sales agents and associate brokers, as well as a 6-person administrative staff. Operating and servicing the real estate needs of South Suburban Chicago, Illinois since 1990, they have the largest amount of real estate agents in the area; and currently service approximately 35% of the market share. Their philosophy is to be loyal to their clients, cooperate ethically with their competitors, and be truthful in their statements and advertisements and to not interfere with the exclusive contracted relationships that other agents have with their clients. In addition, FCR makes a conscious effort to attract and retain the very best of agents by offering the maximum commission plans available in the area; and sharing in company operating fees and overhead costs; all while offering the freedom to agents to operate their business independently with advanced support services. FCR stresses personal development among its agents; training is offered often and strongly encouraged so that everyone can be their best rather in a sales, management or support role. In addition; several discounts and services are available for agents to promote themselves individually as well. Initially, First Class Realty worked only the residential-side of the business, offering real estate listing and sales assistance - marketing single-family and town-homes, condos...
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...placed in the magnet. The imaging protocol was consisted of the following sequences: true FISP, HASTE with fat saturation and 3d FLASH with fat saturation in various flip angles. The lowest gadolinium concentration in the barium sulfate solution generating low intraluminal signal on HASTE and high intraluminal signal on true FISP and 3d FLASH sequences was 15 ml/lt. Ten patients underwent conventional enteroclysis with 1.5 lt of 20% barium sulfate enema and 22.5 ml of gadolinium. MR Enteroclysis was performed afterwards using true FISP, fat suppressed 3d FLASH and fat suppressed HASTE sequences. In all patients the proposed contrast medium acted as positive in 3d FLASH (T1w), true FISP (T2/T1 w) and as a negative in HASTE (T2w). In conclusion, a 20% barium sulfate enema with 15 ml/lt gadolinium is appropriate for conventional and MR Enteroclysis studies. Keywords: MRI, contrast medium, gadolinium, Crohn's disease, Enteroclysis Text Introduction Fast and ultrafast sequences, high performance gradient coils and dedicated abdominal phased array coils resulted in significant improvement in MR Imaging of the small bowel (SB). Resent reports indicated that MRI may be clinically useful for anatomic demonstration, identification and characterization of SB abnormalities, providing information from the bowel lumen - wall and the mesenteries (1-8). However, there is no consensus on the optimum sequences that should be used for SB imaging or on the appropriate...
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...Literature Review When dealing with patients' sensitive medical records, it's always important how one also deals with medical images that should also be kept private. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability initiated on April 14, 2013 by the federal government, establishes all relevant standards to address the issue of privacy protection. The HIPAA requires for integrity and confidentiality in all of current, previous and future from hospitals, doctors, and other relevant professionals. In an era where digital technology has become of major importance, there is a series of medical images that can now be kept in digital format and become quite easy to retrieve, store and preserve. Watermarking – An Essential Aspect for the Protection of Medical Images A. Ethical reasons and relevant legislation define Medical Information Assurance & Watermarking Medical directions. USA's HIPAA and Europe's EC 95/46 Directive are the major legislations defining relevant directions. When dealing with medical information records, thus, which involve a series of clinical examinations, diagnoses, and EPR images, three major security attributes should be considered: • Confidentiality: only authorised users can view and evaluate medical information; • Availability: Scheduled accessing periods should be set when entering the information system containing the medical data; • Reliability: The information should be examined by authorised people and not changed by unauthorised...
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...Jennifer Boice Charles Dold ENG-0900-83053 30 October, 2010 Work/Career Essay-Radiologists Salaries Radiology is a field of medicine that uses medical imaging techniques to assess patient conditions and administer treatment. To become a radiologist, one must complete a great deal of schooling, but the job rewards, both personal and financial, may be well worth it. Radiology techs are not only high in demand in most communities, but also highly paid relative to other allied health professionals. As with any job, there are many variables that will determine how much money people can expect to see not only at the start of their job, but throughout their entire career. The amount of schooling, experience, and location are the three main variables that will determine annual salaries. The amount of schooling is one of the important variables needed to raise ones yearly salary. This includes whether or not graduates received their education from an accredited school, along with what kind of degree or certification earned. Most radiologists will need the standard four years of undergraduate study, followed by medical school and residency. In most cases, radiologists must be board certified, which means taking and passing an exam to earn approval to practice from the American Board of Radiology or other governing bodies. Not only does schooling have an affect on ones salary, experience does as well. The experience a student has is the second important variable....
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...Ovarian Cancer Ovarian cancer is one of the most under-detected types of cancers in existence because many of the symptoms are not noticeable until the later stages of the disease. These symptoms typically follow a pattern that helps determine whether or not a woman has ovarian cancer. The symptoms are “frequent bloating, pain in your belly or pelvis, trouble eating, or feeling full quickly, urinary problems, such as an urgent need to urinate or urinating more often than usual, fatigue, indigestion, pain with intercourse, constipation, and menstrual cycle changes.” For women who have ovarian cancer, the symptoms follow three common attributes: “they start suddenly, they feel different than your normal digestive or menstrual problems, and they happen almost every day and don’t go away.” However, another problem with the symptoms of ovarian cancer is that there are some women that just naturally have them, and that makes it very difficult to determine whether or not they have cancer (http://www.webmd.com/ovarian-cancer/guide/ovarian-cancer-symptoms - Symptoms). The risk factors that are associated with ovarian cancer are not absolute. However, like in any type of disease or infection, the more risk factors that a person has, the more likely they are to become disease-ridden. The risk factors of ovarian cancer can be very complex, but simplify as a person gets older. One factor is gene mutations within families. Most of the mutations come from families that have a prominent number...
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...Schizophrenia is one of the most common serious and scary psychiatric illnesses in the United States. It’s a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has affected people throughout history. Approximately 1% of all Americans suffer from this illness, but it occurs in 10% of people who have a first-degree relative with the disorder. A person with schizophrenia hears voices that no one else around them hears. They believe that people around them are constantly plotting to harm them. They act really agitated. Schizophrenia not only affects the person but it also affects their friends and family. The symptoms of schizophrenia fall into three general categories: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms. Positive symptoms are psychotic behaviors. Some of the positive symptoms of n,Disorders. Negative symptoms are related with interruptions to normal emotions and behaviors. Negative symptoms are often confused for Depression. Some of the negative symptoms are: Little or no interaction, Lack of beginning or completing a planned activity, & Flat affect which is when their face doesn’t move or they speak in a monotonous voice. Cognitive symptoms are more restrained. These symptoms are harder to recognize. They are often detected during more intense tests. Some Cognitive symptoms are: Having a hard time understanding information and using it to make decisions, hard time focusing or paying attention, and having a hard time using information immediately...
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...The Ravishing Outlook and Features of the New iPad The new iPad was released on the 16th of March this year. It was announced in the beginning of the month and unlike other apple products, the iPad 3 or the new iPad, as it is dubbed, did not come with as much anticipation. Display As expected, the new iPad keeps the same screen size as its predecessors, sporting a 9.7 inch screen with 1536 x 2048 pixels, a pixel density of almost 264 pixels per inch. While this is lower than the pixel density of the iPhone 4S, which boasts 330 ppi, it is still pretty impressive for a tablet. In contrast, the iPad’s closest rival, the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1 only has a pixel density of 149 ppi. This represents a massive upgrade from the 132 ppi pixel density on the old iPad which had 768 x 1024 pixels on the 9.7 inch screen. Steve Jobs famously claimed that you would need to file your fingers if you are to use a 7 inch tablet comfortably, which indicates that the iPad will continue making 9.7 inch iPads. Storage The iPad 3 is manufactured and accessible with three variable inbuilt storage capacities, that is of 16GB, 32GB and 64GB. The iPad 3 also supports a memory card of up to 64 GB, which means that you can have a maximum memory of 128GB on your iPad, more than what is available on any tablet so far. Software and Processing The iPad 3 is going to come boxed with the iOS 5.1 but can be upgraded to iOS 6.0 by the users. It boasts a 1GHz dual core processor along with a PowerVR SGX543MP4...
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...Solution to Musculoskeletal Injuries in Sonography Sonography, as a profession, is often enticing. When most individuals think of sonography, the thought that comes to mind is a sonogram with the pictures of a baby in gestation within a mother’s womb. Though this can be an interesting and rewarding career choice, this profession, as in most, can have its drawbacks. Many sonographers are at risk of suffering from musculoskeletal injuries and a significant amount are already experiencing injuries, especially those with considerable workloads and ones who have been in the profession for a large amount of time. In order to make sonography a safer profession, the work environment of sonographers must be redesigned with better ergonomics in mind. Having a safer ergonomic design must play an essential part of equipment design, along with changes to the layout of the work setting. Musculoskeletal Disorder also known as work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD) can include a number of symptoms ranging from swelling and inflammation of the muscles, spasms, tingling or burning sensations, to the loss of sensation completely (Coffin, 2014). In certain cases, a loss of muscle strength can occur. While this disorder is accumulative, the symptoms considered to be small can evolve to become more critical and also debilitating. Among North American sonographers in 1997, the occurrences of musculoskeletal injury were 84% and increased to 90% in 2008 (Coffin, 2014). According to the...
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