...* Liana Cornacchio * PSY Lab B11 * November 15, 2012 * Lab Report 1, Lab 5: Memory Introduction/Hypothesis * In this study we are putting Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory to test to see if working memory is in fact divided into parts three parts: the visuospatial sketchpad, central executive, and the phonological loop. Baddeley believes that the loop and the sketchpad do not interact; we formed a similar hypothesis. Working memory has separate systems for sound/verbal information and visual/spatial information. We hypothesized that there was no interaction between the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad, like Baddeley. So, the phonological distracter would more negatively impact the participants’ performance on the phonological task than the visuospatial distracter and vice versa. Methods * The participants of this study were random volunteers from Psy Lab section B11, the lab in which the study took place. The age range was 18-20 years old and there were 3 males and 3 females that took part in the study. To conduct this study Microsoft PowerPoint was used to create slideshows for the different situations described below. The Internet was also used for the distracters. To record the data we found we used Microsoft Excel as well as pen and paper. For the tasks that required the use of a timing apparatus, we used an iPhone stopwatch. To ensure there was no subject biases we used a Latin square to decide the order in which each individual...
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...110– LAB EXPERIENCE PAPER MEMORY in HUMAN BEINGS SECTION I: OVERVIEW Memory, is an abstract term with no real concrete definition or absolute understanding thus making the word intriguing enough to draw attention to the greater subject of what it is, how it works and why it goes wrong. It is an essential concept in our daily life yet is the most elusive and misunderstood human attribute. Its constant presence in our everyday and its intricately complex mysteries is what ignites my interest in the research conducted in this field of Psychology. As a college student memory plays a great role in our academic performance, from weather we can recall mathematical formulas to recalling something a professor said in class to remembering certain solutions, key words and definitions we read in course material. Therefore from a personal standpoint the topic of memory interests me, as by understanding this complex concept and going into the depths of it’s functioning, I might be able to improve my own. Memory is formed from childhood and I am interested to see if memory is an natural capacity, and if so what factors lead to a better memory and if not can memory be affected by daily everyday factors. From a Psychological perspective memory excites me because the way we remember things and how can help us understand behavior and reactions to various situations. Memory hence affects decision-making and all other spheres of human life. The recollection of memory, the gaps, failures...
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...Memory Without it, you’d be constantly living in one moment to the next. You wouldn’t know who you are, where you came from or where you are going. But what is it? And how does it work? To answer these questions, early memory researchers decided to break memory down into simple structures. The mysterious power of our mind to store images, words and sounds, was reduced into several components. All of these components were then thought to interact through simple processes. Simplifying memory in this way was a necessary step in developing our understanding of how memory functions. From this structured view of memory, two important models of memory were developed: the Multi-store Model and the Working-Memory Model. Section 1: Multi-store model of memory Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) Do you think you have a good memory? What is your earliest memory? The multi-store model is a structural model which states that memory is made up of 3 distinct, separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Each of the stores can be analysed based on three factors: 1) Capacity: how much information can be stored 2) Duration: the amount of time the information can be stored 3) Encoding: how the information is represented by the memory system Sensory memory The first store in the multi-store model is the sensory memory store. This store provides an account of the environment as experienced by our senses. A copy of the stimulus is kept here until we determine...
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...Human Memory Model, Thinking, and Intelligence Kasia Nlabandian American Intercontinental University Online 03/09/2014 Abstract In this week project subject is human memory model, which I’m going to discuss about in my paper about the following step by step. How many memory models and stages of memory a human have, how memory operate, the factors that enhance or impede information that flow in each step of the process, I’m also going to talk about proactive and retroactive interference, how we can counteract, there effects, type of forgetting, how can we improve memory consolidation and how can we retrieve. Memory, Thinking, and Intelligence Everyone knows about human memory is what allows us to store memories and use them or retrieve them in the future like colors, images, conversations and more, I’m going to discuss in details the memory system from stimuli into long term memory. We have technical enhance impede flow in every step. Proactive interference and retroactive interference show us how we will contract our effects while studying facilitates the maximum retention into long-term memory and also I’m going to discuss how we can forget things and what other types of forgetting we have. The strategy can improve our memory, consolidation and retrieval. Human Memory processes and stages Human memory is like a computer anything we need or is important we will store them for later; the same thing is with our brain we will encode, store and reuse them from our...
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...Case Study Paper Albert Einstein once said of himself, “Words or Language, as they are written or spoken, do not seem to play any role in my mechanism of thought.” (as cited in Chapman, Meyer & Weaver, 2009, p. 263). Albert Einstein was born in Ulm Germany on March the 19th 1879 (Chapman, Meyer & Weaver, 2009). When Einstein was 16 years old he sent a draft essay to his uncle on the subject of luminiferous aether. This began his scientific journey that would culminate in the quantification of the relationship between energy and matter: E=mc2. Nevertheless, before Einstein was made famous by his astrophysical postulations he navigated the not-so-easy waters of Germany primary and secondary school. He showed a slight delay in speech initially and was ranked poorly by many of his primary school teachers (Chapman, Meyer & Weaver, 2009). Einstein was not diagnosed with a learning disorder (LD) during his lifetime, so any such conjectures would constitute a purely retrospective diagnosis. To that end, it is imperative to examine the biological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of developmental learning disorders (DLD) in order to determine the validity of a retrospective diagnosis of DLD in the case of Albert Einstein. Biological Component DLD affects about 3% of children in the United States and entails a delay in language acquisition and assimilation below what is normal for a specific age (Clegg et. al., 2005). One biological explanation of DLD is that...
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...opium poppy, heroin has been used as an alternative to morphine in dealing with addiction (Yurgelum-Todd, p. 175, 2009). Unfortunately, over the years it has consistently become prevalent that heroin has more negative aspects than anything; heroin is highly addictive, resulting in consequences such as overdoses, infections, violence and crime, deficits in memory, learning, and attention. The need to relieve pain by use of heroin and other drugs, though, results in opioid dependence, estimated to affect more than one million persons in North America alone (Oviedo-Joekes, p. 778, 2009). To relieve opiate dependence, researchers experimented with an opiate-agonist called methadone; the standard opioid-susbstitution treatment, to help reduce withdrawals and other negative consequences surrounding the use of drugs like heroin by producing a phenomenon called the “blocking-dose”, which blocks opiate receptors (Oviedo-Joekes, p. 778, 2009). Methadone was, in fact, the “first opiate agonist used in the pharmacotherapy of heroin addiction. Methadone is the best studied drug, but also the most controversial”(Maremmani, p. 7, 2008). This paper will discuss different research methods used to analyze the effects of methadone among patients who are willing to undergo the treatment. Specifically, the research focuses on the early impacts of methadone induction, the acceptability, safety and tolerance of methadone, and possible improvements in cognitive performance after treatment. The first study...
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...playing music because of war. Kurt Weill, a German composer active from the 1920s to the end of his life, performed and toured during World War II. Humans continue to bring the art of music to life even when going through hardship –like Ludwig Van Beethoven, who aside from composing the well-known Fur Elise and Moonlight Sonata, was completely deaf for the last quarter of his life. It is common-sense knowledge that music is not only for the listeners, it is for the performers as well. Why a musician chooses to play music and why one might desire to listen to music is centred in the human brain. In another words, playing a musical instrument benefits the human brain. This research paper will support this thesis by discussing the brain development of a musical child, how playing music helps retain memory and hearing in aging adults, and lastly, how music relieves stress. Although Mozart may have been a musical prodigy, science now has evidence that any individual can benefit from...
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...Running head: Working Memory Training in Children School Based Working Memory Training: Preliminary finding of Improvement in Children’s Mathematical Performance Panmoli Sivananthan Psychology 107 University Canada West December 04, 2011 (Essay 1587 words) My topic is “Working Memory In the textbook, it is defined on pg. 259 as follows: Working memory, a newer understanding of Atkinson and Shiffrin’s second stage, concentrates on the active processing of information in this intermediate stage. Because we cannot possibly focus on all the information bombarding our senses at once, we shine the flashlight beam of our attention on certain incoming stimuli – often those that are novel or important. We process these incoming stimuli, along with information we retrieve from long-tem memory, in temporary working memory. Working memory associates new and old information and solves problems (Baddeley, 2001, 200; Engle, 2002). Reference in textbook on pages R-3 & R-17 Baddeley, A.D. (2001). Is working memory still working? American Psychologist, pg 56, 849-864. Baddeley, A.D. (2002, June). Is working memory still working? European Psychologist, 7, 85-97. Engle, R.W. (2002). Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 19-23. References to the three articles of my interest: My primary article: Marcus, W. (2011). School Based Working Memory training: Preliminary finding of improvement in children’s mathematical...
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...knowledge of users. In this game it is all about four pictures related to a certain anime which the user will guess. The user’s need to recall everything to answer the question and to go to the next level of the game. This is also one way to remember things through this application. It is about using pictures in order to retrieve memories connected to it and one process that makes use of pictures is called picture superiority effect. Most studies of the picture superiority effect have involved tests of memory for the occurrence of individual events, such as recall in which is the main objective of this study. If pictures however, receive complete semantic processing than words, this difference in processing could be an advantage for both memory of the individual pictures and for associations formed between pairs of random pictures. This research also intends to use the Anime and mobile game learning app in order to prevent forgetting what was present at young age. A mobile game applications that helps to exercise their brain to retrieved the information about anime that they are familiar with. Keywords: mobile technology, mobile learning and gaming, anime, memory enhancement INTRODUCTION In the 21st century, technology have become rapidly advancing in every field, including communication, entertainment, and among others. Japan had played the vital role in the advance of technology even before 21st century especially in the gaming industry...
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...making it legal would include stimulation of hunger in chemotherapy and AID patients, also patients with glaucoma. The medicine can be taken by vaporizing, smoking, drinking, eating and capsules. The best part of the drug is that there has been no lethal effect. No one has died from the consumption of marijuana. The THC in a person cannot be tested, such as a breathalyzer. The drug is grown naturally and it is coming through the soil, natural plants should not be illegal to have, especially a one that does much more. Growing cannabis would not only help the health system and lower drug wars cost, there would be more hemp, which is made from no THC. Hemp is a low strain of cannabis, which has no THC but hemp can be used in many ways such as paper, food, fuel, and construction. In one documentary that I have seen, hemp was being used to build houses and the workers said that it was about 20 times stronger than a regular house made of wood. If you think about that, the house can probably stand some strong weather conditions....
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...Introduction The phrase “nature versus nurture” was first used in its modern interpretation by the British psychologist, Francis Galton (Princeton, 2012). He began his studies concerning heredity in 1865, being moderately influenced by Charles Darwin’s publication “Origin of Species”, Galton was in favor of the idea that success was caused by superior inherited qualities, he hypothesized that human mental and personality traits were fundamentally inherited as they are in other animals (Indiana, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to establish which qualities relating to personality and development are proven to be at least partly inherited, and whether some other aspects of human personality and development are caused by environmental factors. The first section of the paper will be a brief overview of the research methodology of this field, the second section will contain a discussion of research relating to heritable factors and how they influence development, the third a look at how environmental interaction might influence personality and finally some criticism towards this field of study. Main Body The research of genetics and heredity is often difficult due to the vast amount of variables in the development of human beings, to keep variables to a minimum the most popular method of research in this field the study of twins. Twin studies involve comparing data produced by monozygotic (Identical) twins , these are twins who come from the same...
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...K, WM' 4 i T-H H A August 30, 2011 011 • Vol. p o 1 AMERICAN SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOCIATION 3 Medicare Proposes 2012 Home Health Care Rates 5 AUDIOLOGY Audiologists and lEPs; the effects of secondhand smoke on tiearing; improved telephone speech perception; new treatment for Usher syndrome. 1 0 How to Fit RTI Into a Heavy Workload 1 4 Universal Design for Learning: Meeting the Needs of AI I Students 1 8 Capitalizing on Communication: 2011 Schools Conference 2 4 From the President: Mentorship 26 SLP Establishes School to Focus on Language Intervention 2 7 Memories of 9/11 28 The Role of Educational Audiologists 3 2 A Collaborative Approach to Emotional/Behavioral Disorders 3 8 Internet: Interactive Whiteboards 4 0 Limelight: Julie West 411 Classifieds 4 4 People on the Move 4 7 First Person on the Last Page: P. K. Harrison Laws Protect Young Athletes Growing Number of States Pass Concussion-Related Legislation by Bess Sirmon Fjordbak Mentoring Programs Open Check out information about online programs for new faculty (p. 35) and students (p. 46). return to play? There is no conports-related concussion among pre-participation baseline assessment of sensus on the best course of action school-aged athletes in the United (Duff, 2009). Physicians, coaches, ) States is an issue of increased cognitive-linguistic function. and trainers often use individualvisibility in the media, in clinical ized, graduated retum-to-play protocols...
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...Academic Performance 2 Table of contents Abstract ...…………………………………………………………………………………………3 Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…4 Statement of Problems…………………………………………………………………….8 Research Questions…………………………………………………………………….…9 Definition of Terms ……………………………….…………………………………….10 Chapter II: Review of the Literature Nutrition and Cognition ………………………..……………………………………….11 Food Insufficiency …………………………..………………………………………….24 School Food Programs ……………………………...…………………………………..35 Chapter III: Results and Analysis …………………………..…………………………………..51 Chapter IV: Recommendations and Conclusion ……………………...………………………..54 References...………………………………………………………………………………..…...59 Nutrition and Academic Performance 3 Abstract The purpose of this paper was to review existing literature about past research that highlighted studies concerning nutrition and its relationship to brain function, cognition, learning, and social behaviors. There is evidence that school breakfast and lunch programs are not up to par with current United States Department of Agriculture standards and that USDA standards may not be utilizing the latest research about nutrition. Studies have shown that proper nutrition has a direct effect on student performance and behavior in school. Much of the literature I reviewed confirmed that nutrition has a direct effect on neurotransmitters which are important in sending messages from the body to the brain. Specific dietary components were shown to have negative effects on...
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...PSYCHOLOGY AQA A – UNIT 1 Attachment is an emotional bond between two people, it is a 2 way process that endures over time, serving the function of protecting the infant and leading to certain behaviours (seeking proximity, distress on separation, pleasure on reunion and general orientation of behaviour) There is a Primary attachment figure (PAF) EXPLANATIONS OF ATTACHMENT: LEARNING THEORY Learnt rather than inborn Classical: Association Proposes that food (UCS) naturally produces a feeling of pleasure (UCR). The feeder (NS) becomes associated with the food (UCS) when the infant is fed. The mother eventually produces the sense of pleasure associated with the food. Pleasure is now a Conditioned Response which causes attachment Operant: Reinforcement (DOLLARD AND MILLER 1950) When an infant if hungry, they feel uncomfortable and I drive is produced to reduce this discomfort. When the infant in fed, the drive is reduced and this produces a feeling of pleasure. The infant learns that the food is rewarding (Primary Reinforcer) and begins to recognise the person that provided the food (Secondary reinforcer). Attachment occurs because the infants seeks to be around the person that supplied the award. Evaluating learning theory Research by Harlow (1959) suggests attachment may not totally based upon the provision of food. Harlow removed baby rhesus monkeys from their mothers, and placed them into a cage. In the cage there were 2 wire mesh cylinders. One covered in towelling...
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...Teaching year at Lincoln Elementary School for Ms. Branson. She has 30 fifth-graders of whom 13 are girls and 17 are boys, 12 participate in the free and reduced lunch program, 5 are English language learners, and 4 have individualized education programs (IEPs). As she plans her lesson on paragraph writing, she is trying to keep the special needs of each of her students in mind. Because Jessica has a hearing impairment, Ms. Branson decides to make a written outline that includes the important parts of a paragraph and examples of good and bad paragraphs. She also decides to go over the outline several times because Fred and Alex have a reading disability. In her plan, there is also a note to herself to find a bigger pencil and wide-lined paper for Suzy, who requires these modifications according to her IEP. Based on past writing experiences, she expects Monica to finish writing her paragraph pretty quickly, so she needs to think about an appropriate second task to keep her busy and motivated—most likely, a creative writing assignment. Ms. Branson feels about ready for the lesson, except for Jung Ju, a recent immigrant from South Korea. He seems to be falling behind despite her efforts to help him develop English skills. After giving it some thought, she decides to have Jung Ju...
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