...Population Dynamics Was there a vitamin B12 or IF deficiency that is environmentally influenced that causes people of Northern European descent to be more prone to this disease? Northern European people, or people of that descent, are more prone to having pernicious anemia. In Northern European culture, much of their diet includes seafood and fish. Studies have shown that because of pollution, much of the fish in our oceans are contaminated with methylmercury, a poisonous chemical. This lead scientists to research what the methylmercury is harming in the human body. Scientists discovered that methylmercury is a neurotoxicant that also negatively affects the balance of vitamins and minerals in the body. One of the heavily affected ones is...
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...Vegetarianism David De Jesus Element of university composition and communication II COM/172 June 4, 2013 Dr. VIRGINIA SANTIAGO-ACUNA I. History II. Advantages and Desadvanges III. Vitamin and minerals IV. How many vegetarian are in the US V. Fames people History The term "vegetarian" was coined by the British Vegetarian Society in the mid-1800. (The Latin root of the word refers to the source of life.) However, vegetarianism itself dates back to a time before recorded history. Many anthropologists believe that most early humans ate mainly plant foods, being more like gatherers than hunters. This view is supported by the fact that the human digestive system resembles that of other plant-eaters rather than that of meat-eaters. The early "human as plant-eater" view is also supported by the fact that humans on meat-based diets contract receive major health problems such as heart disease and cancer much more frequently than people eating vegetarian diets. The Greek mathematician Pythagoras was a vegetarian, and vegetarians were often called Pythagoreans until a different word was created. You’ll ward off disease. Vegetarian diets are more healthful than the average American diet, particularly in preventing, treating or reversing heart disease and reducing the risk of cancer. You’ll keep your weight down. The standard American diet high in saturated fats and processed foods and low in plant-based foods and complex carbohydrates is making us...
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...Autoimmune Diseases Your body's immune system protects you from disease and infection. But if you have an autoimmune disease, your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake. Autoimmune diseases can affect many parts of the body. These diseases tend to run in families. Women - particularly African-American, Hispanic-American, and Native-American women - have a higher risk for some autoimmune diseases. The diseases may also have flare-ups, when they get worse, and remissions, when they all but disappear. The diseases do not usually go away, but symptoms can be treated. Multiple Sclerosis Is a disease affecting nerves in the brain and spinal cord, causing problems with muscle movement,balance and vision. Every nrve fibre in the brain and spinal cord is surrounded by a layer of protein called myelin which protects the nerve and helps electrical signals from the brain travel to the rest of the body. In MS, the myelin becomes damaged. This disrupts the transfer the transfer of these nerve signals,causing a wide range of potential symptoms such as: * numbness and tingling * blurring of vision * problems with mobility and balance * muscle weakness and tightness * MS can damage nerve fibres in your brain and spinal cord, which can cause muscles to contract tightly and painfully (spasm). Your muscles may also become stiff and resistant to movement, which is known as spasticity. * Neuropathic pain – caused by damage to the nerve fibres in...
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...Raymond Urrea Sharon Studdert FCS-19 June 16, 2014 Becoming a Vegetarian For many years, the decision to follow a vegetarian diet was regarded as a noble but deprived existence at best. As the number of vegetarians has grown, and the range of food available has become wider, it has become clear that most vegetarians enjoy their food a great deal and, what is more, there are possible health benefits associated with vegetarian eating. Perhaps the most obvious benefit of vegetarian eating is the reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Vegetarians tend to have lower levels of cholesterol, reduced clotting factors, lower blood pressure and a lower incidence of diabetes. These reduced risks are because vegetarian diets usually have: Lower saturated fat content, higher fiber content lower salt content, larger amounts of fruit and vegetables, more complex carbohydrates and fewer simple sugars. (Polunin) A study showed that people who ate raw salad/vegetables three to four times a week suffered up to 50% less heart disease and cancer than non-salad eaters. Cancer risk may also lower with a vegetarian diet, particularly cancer of the colon. There is also some evidence that vegetarian diets (or diets with only a small meat content) may reduce the risk of cancer of the breast, pancreas, prostate and kidney. The bad points are the fact that although a carefully planned and varied vegetarian diet can provide all the necessary nutrients. The situation isn't helped by the relatively narrow...
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...competes with the folic acid-alkaline phosphatase conjugate for binding sites on a limited amount of folate binding protein. Resulting complexes bind to the solid phase via mouse anti-folate binding protein. After incubation in a reaction vessel, materials bound to the solid phase are held in a magnetic field while unbound materials are washed away. Then, the chemiluminescent substrate Lumi-Phos* 530 is added to the vessel and light generated by the reaction is measured with a luminometer. The light production is inversely proportional to the concentration of folate in the sample. The amount of analyte in the sample is determined from a stored, multi-point calibration curve. Summary and Explanation Folate is an essential vitamin vital to normal cell growth and DNA synthesis. It is present in a wide variety of foods such as dark, leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, yeast, beans, eggs, and milk. It is absorbed by the small intestine and stored in the liver. A folate deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia and ultimately to severe neurological problems.(2,3) Folate deficiency can be caused by insufficient dietary intake, malabsorption or excessive folate utilization. Excessive utilization occurs very commonly during pregnancy. Alcoholism, hepatitis, or other liver-damaging diseases...
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...Studies show that 2 out of 3 vegetarians are vitamin B12 deficient, while only 1 out of 20 meat-eaters are. Along with this evidence and other, this is one of the many proven reasons that being vegetarian is less healthy and worse for the environment. Yes, many people think it is cruel, inefficient, and gruesome to eat meat. But that is not a statement of true fact, for it is opinion-based that it is altogether “Harming the environment” or “Unfair to the animals.” Because of the fact that they are kept in meat processing plants. But eating meat is actually better for the environment, easier to raise, and causes less health problems, including vitamin B12 deficiency. Producing vegetarian options such as tofu and soy can actually cause a bigger impact on the environment then raising beef, pork,...
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...Drawbacks of a vegan diet include: probable conflict with “existing medical conditions”, losing necessary vitamins and minerals, and finding vegan choices in restaurant menus (“9 Pros”). For instance, because vegan diets are only plant-based, they are still missing some essential nutrients. The following nutrients are not typically found in vegan diets: Vitamin B12, Omega-3, and Vitamin D (“Eating”). An important nutrient that cannot always be found in plants is Vitamin B-12. It helps maintain nerves, blood cells, and it also helps create DNA. Lack of vitamin B12 can cause drowsiness, weakness, constipation, appetite loss, unhealthy weight loss, and depression (“Switching”). Foods enriched with B12 such as plant milks, few soy products, limited amount of breakfast cereals, and B12 supplements are the only dependable sources of Vitamin B12 (“What Every”). Another necessary nutrient that the vegan diet lacks is non-heme iron. In animal foods, heme generates about 40% iron (“Switching”). One might need to take iron supplements in order to avoid an iron deficiency. Foods with a good source of iron include: legumes, sunflower seeds, raisins, and “dark, leafy greens” (“Switching”). One can boost their iron intake by eating foods with Vitamin C. Red peppers, citrus fruits, broccoli, and other Vitamin C-filled foods can help with iron consumption (“Switching”). There are many plant-based foods that...
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...HEME CLASS QUESTONS 1. Q: A 48 y/o alcoholic male presents to your primary care office c/o diarrhea that began 1 week ago. Patient admits to eating fast food 3 times day. During the exam you note yellow sclera and glossitis, lab findings show MCV>100. What are you suspecting to be the cause of his symptoms? a) folate deficiency b) B12 deficiency c) hereditary spherocytosis d) thalassemia e) lipid deficiency A 2. 67 yo homeless, white male patient was brought to ED by local EMTs. Pts stuporous, HR: 120, regular BP: 160/90 and RR: 10 non-labored. While inspecting the patient, you notice upper extremity peripheral jaundice, rosacea, finger clubbing and rhinophyma. On futher exam, JVD and LE edema is visible with palpable splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. As a part of your work up, you order a CBC with diff, which reveals normocytic, hypochromic red cells and a decreased reticulocyte count. Your CBC work up reveals the patient's likely cause of anemia. ANSWER: alcoholic with anemia of chronic disease. 3. Pregnant 28 year old female brought into the ER by her husband because she was exhibiting neuro symptoms of stupor, bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain. On further observation patient is in renal failure, has microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and severe HTN. You ran labs on your patient and discovered she has low thrombocytes, low haptoglobin, high reticulocyte count, high LDH and creatinine, schistocytes on peripheral smear. What would you diagnose the...
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...can be high in fat if it includes excessive amounts of fatty snack foods, fried foods, whole milk dairy products, and eggs. Therefore, a vegetarian diet, like any healthy diet, must be well planned in order to help prevent and treat certain diseases. Many news headlines say vegetarians live longer than meat eaters. Eating a vegetarian diet offers numerous health benefits, but some medical studies cite a few potential problems. Slide 2: Health risks in becoming a vegetarian May have intakes for vitamin B-12, vitamin D, calcium, zinc that are lower than recommended 1. Lower bone mineral density Note: While it’s possible for vegetarians to consume adequate amounts of protein, calcium, iron and vitamin D (if supplementing properly or getting enough sunlight) to ensure proper muscle and bone development, one study concluded that vegetarians had approximately 5 percent lower bone-mineral density (BMD) than non-vegetarians 2. Lower levels of vitamin B12 Note: B12 helps with metabolism, converting food into stable...
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...‘Healthy Vegetarian Eating!’ – Fact Sheet What is vegetarianism? Vegetarianism includes the practice of following plant-based diets (fruits, vegetables, pulses, nuts, grains), with or without the inclusion of dairy products or eggs, and with the exclusion of meat (red meat, poultry, and seafood) or some meat; abstaining from by-products of animal slaughter, such as animal-derived rennet and gelatin, may also be practiced The different types of vegetarian diets Lacto-vegetarian - avoiding: animal products - red meat, fish, poultry, eggs - eating: animal products - milk & milk products, plant products (grains, vegetables, pulses, nuts & fruits) Lacto-ovo-vegetarian - avoiding: animal products - red meat, fish, poultry; - eating: animal products - eggs, eggs products, milk, milk products, plant products (grains, vegetables, pulses, nuts & fruits) Pesco- vegetarian - avoiding: animal products - red meat, poultry; - eating: animal products - fish, eggs, eggs products, milk, milk products, plant products (grains, vegetables, pulses, nuts & fruits) Semi- vegetarians - avoiding: animal products - red meat; - eating: animal products - fish, eggs, eggs products, milk, milk products, occasional poultry (chicken), plant products (grains, vegetables, pulses, nuts & fruits) Vegan - avoiding: all animal products - eating: only plant products - grains, vegetables, pulses, nuts & fruits Fruitarians - avoiding: all animal products, vegetables & grains; - eating:...
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...wheat) and farro. I explained I was still eating a small amount of cheese and a few eggs. "Whole grains plus legumes such as chickpeas, lentils and beans plus the small amount of cheese and eggs will look after your protein," she said. "But there are a lot of nutrients in meat and fish that are more difficult to get from a vegetarian diet. What you may run short of are iron and zinc." Iron is found in whole grains and leafy greens but is not readily available to the body. Saxelby says it is more accessible when eaten with vitamin C - a lemon juice-based dressing is perfect, she says. Zinc, which is essential for the health of our immune systems and sense of smell, is best absorbed from fish and seafood such as oysters, red meat and chicken. It is also found in grains and vegetables. "Vitamin B12, essential for prevention of anaemia, is basically found in red meat and some in eggs," Saxelby says. "But there is evidence that mushrooms can provide vitamin B12." She also suggested a diet rich in flax seed, walnuts and canola oil for plant-based Omega 3. She recommends anyone adopting a vegetarian or vegan diet consult an accredited dietitian. And her final advice? "Watch out for bacon. That is the one thing that unsticks so many people trying to give up meat." Yes indeed - it's that...
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...Veganism Shadog University of Phoenix ENG/102 4/3/16 Veganism Veganism is a part of the dietary system. The people who live the vegan lifestyle practice veganism because it promotes health and peace while decreasing the suffering of animals and humans (Fundukian 2009). Many people do not understand what a vegan is and they often get veganism confused with vegetarians. A vegetarian is a person who eats only eat fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains (Vegetarian 2012). The differences between a vegan and a vegetarian are that vegetarians could also eat and drink animal based products like dairy, eggs, and honey. Vegetarians could also wear and use items made from or tested on animals. And it seems that people become vegetarians more for health and taste reasons. Individuals who consider themselves as a vegan also do it for health reasons but mainly become vegan for ethical reasons. But is becoming a vegan the best thing to do for everyone’s life? There are a couple of health benefits for people who are vegan. The benefits of being a vegan are decreases in diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and lower mortality rates (Boston University 2016). Studies have shown that the risk of diabetes was about twice as high for non-vegans than the people that are vegan. The reason for this is because vegans usually have lower body weights than non-vegans (Boston University 2016). Studies have also shown that the people who chose to be vegan increases the chance to prevent...
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...acid-base electrolyte imbalances. Treatment of delirium includes determining the cause of the delirium. Antipsychotic drugs and benzodiazepines may be used cautiously when other non-pharmacological interventions have failed. (Tabors 2009) Dementia is a progressive irreversible decline in mental function marked by memory impairment and often deficits in reasoning, judgment, abstract thought registration, comprehension, learning, and use of language. Symptoms may take months to years to progress and they include poor judgment, clouding of consciousness and orientation, depression, agitation sleeplessness, Patient may become dependent of activities of daily living. Dementia may result from AIDS, chronic alcoholism, Alzheimer’s disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, carbon monoxide poising, hypothyroidism and subdural hematomas. 4.5 million People in the U.S are affected by dementia. 20-40% of patients with dementia are over the age of 85. (Tabor’s 2009) Some of the most common drugs used to treat dementia are Tacrine (Cognex), Donepezil (Aricept), Rivastigmine (Exelon), and Galantamine (Razadyne). When administering these medications to a patient it is important to remember that each patient is different and you have to customize the way you care for each individual patient. A physician may write an order that states, “May crush appropriate medications...
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...Holy Cow! In today’s world the issue of meat eating raises a lot of controversial questions. Many people believe that human intelligence should guide us to forbid from killing animals. This belief is far from my opinion. I was raised in an omnivore family. My father eats over five kilograms of meat every day. He’s strong and healthy. I find it funny how depressed he sometimes gets when he comes home from work and sees that mom made a soup for dinner. It seems like he’s closer to the primitive caveman than any modern human can still be, and this leads me to think that forbidding of meat eating is just as unethical as, some may think, eating it is. Humans are carnivores designed to eat meat. The evidence of thorough research proves that the human body is more of the carnivore than herbivore. The length of our digestive tract is similar to carnivores’. Our stomachs produce hydrochloric acid that breaks down a variety of food by activating protein-splitting enzymes. The HCL is nowhere to be found in herbivores’ organisms. Also, the presence of the multiple stomachs declares a tremendous difference between us and herbivores. These few and a lot more differences destroy the popular claim that people should follow a non-meat diet. The answer to what we should eat is deeply encoded in the structure of our bodies (Comparison Between). The studies also show that going back to Stone Age nutritional habits can be very beneficial. Dr. Staffan Lindeberg, an expert in this field, proved...
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...Non-smoker Does not drink alcoholic beverages Vegetarian Diet Drinks 2-3 cups of coffee daily During the interview, Mrs. Akerman states “This is very frustrating. I have always had a well balanced diet. I just don’t understand why I feel so tired and dizzy lately. Before my surgery I used to go on a morning walk every day. But now I feel winded and unsteady just by walking around my kitchen to prepare food.” You notice her tongue when she talks. It is beefy and red with a smooth appearance. You also notice a slight yellow tinge to her skin. The doctor orders blood work. Possible Significant Laboratory Test ResultsWBC 2810/mm3 Hct 30%Hgb 9.1mg/dLPlatelets 149,000mm3MCV 112fLIron (Fe) 30mcg/dLVitamin B12 100pg/mLBilirubin...
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