Joseph Povosky
NT1210 Introduction to Networking
Professor Hallock
13 December 15

1. Open standards are open to the public, and provide something in which a lot of devices can access information, and it maximizes the resources that can be obtained (paraphrased from Wikipedia). Some of the advantages of using open standards are the fact that you don’t need a single application, or hardware to obtain information, this is because everything is based to work around the open standard. Also years down the road information from now will still be accessible because the standard will still be intact. 2. Layered architecture is viewed as beneficial because “you can make changes to the implementation without affecting other components of the system”. “You can also implement different services on each layer”(both of these quotations were from page 8 of the study lesson) 3. A protocol is a norm that all devices have to comply with to communicate. They are used so that all devices are on the same page when trying to communicate with each other. An example of a technological based protocol would be the IP, or the internet protocol. This protocol is responsible, much like a post office to deliver packages of information from one device to another by sending from the initial device to the receiving device based on the IP address. 4. The four different types of networks are the LAN, or local area network. The key characteristics of the LAN are that it is in a small area, either a room or a building. It would probably belong to one organization, and it is not governed by federal or state regulations. The WAN, or Wide Area Network is the connection between many LAN’s over a large geographical area, for instance if a company is worldwide, you would have your company LAN’s connected with a phone company or internet provider so that the worldwide company is connected. The next type of network is a MAN or a Metropolitan Area Network. This is basically the same as the WAN except it would be contained to a city or “metropolitan area”. The final type of network is a Backbone network. This is used when a company has multiple LAN’s and need to connect them together by a single high speed circuit. 5. Both the OSI, and the TCP/IP have application layers, and transport layers, also osi has a network layer and the TCP/IP has a network access layer. The differences are as follows. The OSI has 7 layers vs the TCP/IP having 4 layers. In the OSI the responsibilities are defined for each layer and in the TCP/IP they are not. The OSI is a protocol specific model whereas the TCP/IP is a protocol independent model. The OSI Network layer contains connectionless and connection oriented services, and transport layer contains connection oriented services. The TCP/IP Transport layer contains connectionless and connection oriented services and network layer contains connectionless service. The OSI is widely used in networks, and the TCP/IP is not widely used in networks.