Volumetric and Vinegar Analysis

Abstract
This report presents volumetric and vinegar analysis. In volumetric analysis three trials of a solution. The volumetric analysis was obtained through titration, and chemical analysis, which allowed the molar concentration of a strong acid to be assessed in a standardized solution. The Average molar concentration of NaOH is approximately 0.279mol/L.

Vinegar analysis was conducted with the help of three trials to determine the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar instead of a standardized solution. The unknown vinegar being utilized was “Shaggy”. The average percent by mass of CH3COOH “Shaggy” is 1.41%.

According to “Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry”, volumetric analysis is a chemical analysis that is performed primarily with the aid of volumetric glassware. For this procedure, a known quantity or carefully measured amount of one substance reacts with a to-be-determined amount of another substance with the reaction occurring in an aqueous solution. This is conducted by a titration procedure. A burette dispenses a liquid called the titrant to a receiving flask containing the analyte (Beran, 133). The reaction is known to be completed when amounts corresponding to the mole ratio of the balanced equation is reached – this is referred to as the stoichiometric point. In the lab, standardization of a sodium hydroxide solution was performed, thus creating the secondary standard solution (Beran, 135). Solid sodium hydroxide is very hygroscopic, meaning it is capable to absorb water vapor readily (Beran, 134).
In part A of our experiment KHP is utilized as the primary acid standard for determining the molar concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution. Potassium hydrogen phthalate, often called simply KHP, is an acidic salt compound. It forms white powder, colorless crystals, a