...W.E.B Dubois W.E.B Dubois was a significant human being. He was born on February 23, 1868 to the late Alfred and Mary Dubois. In Dubois’ early childhood his parents divorced and he remained with his mother until she died in 1884. In his adolescent he lived in a town with five thousand whites and only fifty blacks. He first started seeing the racial discrimination in his hometown. Dubois was an excellent student. He was encouraged by his teachers to do well in school, which was rare considering he attend a white public school. From his hard work and dedication he was hired as a local correspondent for the New York Globe. His goal was to help blacks become politically recognized and wrote many articles doing just that. Soon after he graduated...
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...All throughout history, there have been numerous findings and discoveries that contributed to social science and its development. These findings benefitted social science because it sparked changes that societies needed in order to progress. There were countless problems solved because of the leaders in social science, however one problem with no explicit answer was finding a solution for the inequalities between blacks and whites. This problem was taken on by William Edward Burghardt DuBois, also known as, W.E.B DuBois. He dedicated his entire life to finding solutions for this problem. Regardless if the solutions did not last long or did not work, he was still able to take the studies and record information which lead to conclusions. That...
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...The Concept of Luxury Brands by Klaus Heine Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Marketing Prof. Dr. Volker Trommsdor Wilmersdorfer Str. 148, 10585 Berlin, Germany Phone: +49.30.314-29.922 • Fax: +49.30.314-22.664 Email: Klaus.Heine@marketing-trommsdor.de • Internet: www.marketing.tu-berlin.de Heine, Klaus (2011) The Concept of Luxury Brands, Technische Universität Berlin, www.concepto uxurybrands.com. Edition: 1.0 This paper is published as the rst part of the serial publication Luxury Brand Management ISSN: 2193-1208 Editing & Review: Bartek Goldmann and Kate Vredenburgh Cover page: Kevin Duggan Acknowledgements: Dr. Steen Herm. I would like to thank the following people for their support and constructive criticism: Prof. Dr. Volker Trommsdor, Prof. Dr. Reinhold Roski, Dr. Vera Waldschmidt, Demet Tuncer, by Klaus Heine (2011); Copyright by Klaus Heine. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of re- search or private study, or criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, scanning, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Marketing, Wilmersdorfer Str. 148, 10585 Berlin, Germany, Tel: +49.30.314-29.922, Fax: +49.30.314-22.664 Contents List of Figures . . . . . . ...
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...Division of Research and Evaluation Office of Policy Development and Research Employment and Training Administration U. S. Department of Labor January 29, 2008 Michelle R. Ennis Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Heidi M. Casta, Division Director, Research and Evaluation, and Jonathan Simonetta, Team Leader, Pilots and Demonstrations, for their thoughtful review of early versions of this paper and helpful feedback. 3 Competency Models: A Review of the Literature and The Role of the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) For over 30 years, business and industry has utilized competency models to select employees. The trend to use competency-based approaches in education and training, assessment, and development of workers has experienced a more recent emergence. With the mobility of the workforce and retirement of the baby boomers, competency models are being used for succession planning as well. It is within the last few years that the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) has turned its focus on skills acquisition and assessment to the competency model process for determining the needs of business and employers and the requirements of skilled workers. Recently, ETA has been engaged with business, industry, and education/training leaders to develop competency models for targeted industries and broker information on resources that are used based on or used in conjunction with competency models to efficiently prepare the workforce. This paper examines...
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...International Business Research; Vol. 8, No. 5; 2015 ISSN 1913-9004 E-ISSN 1913-9012 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education How Does Packaging Influence Consumer Behavior? A Multidisciplinary Bibliometric Study Kelly Carvalho Vieira1, Valderí Castro Alcantara1, JoséWiller do Prado1, Cintia Loos Pinto2 & Daniel de Carvalho de Rezende3 1 Programa de Pó s-Graduaç o em Administraç o da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil ã ã 2 Institute of Humanities Sciences-Florestal, UFV/CAF-Universidade Federal de Viç osa, Campus Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3 Departamento de Administraç o e Economia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil ã Correspondence: Valderíde Castro Alcantara, Programa de Pó s-Graduaç o em Administraç o da Universidade ã ã Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil. E-mail: valderi.alcantara@posgrad.ufla.br Received: February 3, 2015 Accepted: March 5, 2015 Online Published: April 25, 2015 doi:10.5539/ibr.v8n5p66 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n5p66 Abstract The objective of this research was to analyze the academic literature focusing on how product packaging influences consumer behavior through the use of a bibliometric study. To accomplish this, we analyzed 111 articles, published from 1982 to 2014, indexed in the Web of Science database maintained by Thomson Reuters (formerly the ISI Web of Knowledge). For the analysis, we used descriptive statistics, bibliometric...
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...Introduction: Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) implies markets to be rational, incorporating new information to reflect in stock prices rapidly, considering direction and size of the share price movement. Consequently, leaving no opportunities for investors to beat the market and acquire abnormal returns. Predictable information raises the stock prices prior to its occurrence, and rapidly adjusting at the event date. Addendum to EMH, Random Walk Theory proposes market prices abide no pressure from past-price movements thus pursue a random course, making impossible to forecast future-price movements as they are an independent of past-prices. Fama (1970) establish three-level grading system portraying degree of market efficiency, based on investment approach endowing abnormal returns: Market anomalies are inconsistent with EMH and a consequence of deviations and incomprehensible patterns in smooth running of stock markets. Anomalies are statistically considerable and additionally proffer investors with risk adjusted economic returns. Once documented and scrutinized in literature, anomalies tend to disappear, overturn, or attenuate; doubting their subsistence in past, as being statistical irregularity, or have been arbitraged away. This essay will begin by defining limitations of CAPM and introduce three-factor model. Additionally, it will discuss the fundamental anomalies (Value and Size effects), calendar anomalies (January, Weekend and Time-of-the-month effects) and...
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...The construction industry is currently in a state of turmoil – as the economic situation begins to improve, we are finding that the challenges of securing contracts and motivating people throughout the recessionary period are being replaced with different challenges including retaining people, maintaining the business ethos and controlling growth in what remains an incredibly competitive industry. Through recession and as we exit, a strategic approach to business management is key to longevity and sustainability of an organisation. In the context of Read Construction Holdings Ltd (the writer’s organisation), there are significant changes currently underway – a new business plan targeting significant growth over 3 years, new directors and ownership and a marketing strategy targeting increasingly large complex projects of a Design and Build nature. To achieve this, some form of change is required and much of this change may come through innovation. This assignment will distinguish between product, process and organisational innovation and discuss which is likely to be the most important for the growth of Read Construction Holdings over the next three years. In order to distinguish between the different types of innovation, the essay will begin by setting out a clear definition of innovation. The main discussion will go on to discuss limitations, barriers and enablers of innovation and how that might impact on the organisation, summarising which type is likely to be the most important...
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...Title registration for a review proposal: Broken Windows Policing to Reduce Crime in Neighborhoods Submitted to the Coordinating Group of: _X Crime and Justice __ Education __ Social Welfare __ Other Plans to co-register: _X No __ Yes __ Cochrane __ Other __ Maybe TITLE OF THE REVIEW Broken Windows Policing to Reduce Crime in Neighborhoods BACKGROUND Briefly describe and define the problem Crime policy scholars, primarily James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, and practitioners, such as Los Angeles Police Chief William J. Bratton, have argued for years that when police pay attention to minor offenses—such as aggressive panhandling, prostitution, and graffiti—they can reduce fear, strengthen communities, and prevent serious crime (Bratton & Kelling, 2006; Wilson & Kelling, 1982). Spurred by claims of large declines in serious crime after the approach was adopted in New York City, dealing with physical and social disorder, or “fixing broken windows,” has become a central element of crime prevention strategies adopted by many American police departments (Kelling & Coles, 1996; Sousa & Kelling, 2006). In their seminal “broken windows” article, Wilson and Kelling (1982) argue that social incivilities (e.g., loitering, public drinking, and prostitution) and physical incivilities (e.g., vacant lots, trash, and abandoned buildings) cause residents and workers in a neighborhood to be fearful. Fear causes many stable families to move out of the neighborhood and the remaining residents...
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...John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Faculty Research Working Papers Series When Does Gender Matter in Negotiation? Hannah Riley and Kathleen L. McGinn September 2002 RWP02-036 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. 1 When Does Gender Matter in Negotiation? Hannah Riley John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (617) 496-4717 Kathleen L. McGinn Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University Soldiers Field, Boston, MA 02163 (617) 495-6901 The authors thank Linda Babcock, Max Bazerman, Jim Sebenius and the reviewers of the 2002 Academy of Management meeting for their helpful comments on this paper. 2 3 Abstract We propose that two situational dimensions moderate gender effects in negotiation. Structural ambiguity refers to potential variation in a party’s perception of the bargaining range and appropriate standards for agreement. Gender triggers are situational factors that make gender salient and relevant to behavior or expectations. Based on a review of field and experimental data and social psychological theory on individual difference, we explain how structural ambiguity and gender triggers...
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...Introduction According to (Schiffman, Kanuk & Hansen, 2012), the term “attitude” is defined as a learned predisposition to behave in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object. As a consumer, we have a wide range of products and services to choose from and we tend to form attitudes towards each products while making decisions, for example when we are being questioned whether we like or dislike the specific product in a survey. At that moment, we are being asked to express our point of view on the certain product or service. As the way consumers feel about the brand reflects their attitudes towards that brand. Consumer’s attitudes towards a certain product is crucial for any marketers as it determines how well their products or services perform in the specific market. From that, marketers will know how to tailor their products to meet each individual’s unique requirement. There are two types of attitudes, positive attitude and negative attitude. When a consumer have a positive attitude towards a product, he or she will spread positive word of mouth to others, this can boost up the company’s image, however, negative attitudes towards the product may have a big impact on both reputation and sales of the company. This essay will outline how consumer attitudes are formed and affect the behavior of consumers. Next, the difference in behavior and attitudes on product choice and purchase when consumers are rational or irrational decision makers will...
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...International Review of Business Research Papers Vol.3 No.1. March 2007, Pp.183 - 196 Entry Modes For International Markets: Case Study Of Huawei, A Chinese Technology Enterprise Donglin Wu* and Fang Zhao** This case study analyses and discusses the internationalization process of Huawei, a leading telecommunication equipment manufacturer in China. Our research aims to explore the special features of the internationalization of Chinese hi-tech firms through a case study and to identify the factors that affect Chinese hi-tech firms’ international entry mode decision. In this paper, several foreign market entry modes were discussed. Issues of why and how to take into account the factors of industrial characteristics, environmental factors, firm factors, and moderators for internationalization and how to employ different entry modes in different host markets are discussed and illustrated based on this case study. It is found that industrial characteristics and home country’s technological reputation affect to a great extent the internationalization path of the hi-tech firm studied. The research also shows that in terms of hi-tech enterprises’ internationalization, the factors such as international experience and firm size are not as important to traditional manufacturers as to hi-tech enterprises. Field of Research: Management 1. Introduction After two decades’ development, many Chinese technology enterprises stride their first step in internationalization. Among them...
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...Literature Review Sample on Bullying Posted by Vic Fabe at 7:40 PM Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This part of the study will be discussing the relevant literature connected with the study of the bullying in high school. This part of the study accounts the works that has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. All this would allow the readers to map the field and position your research within the context. Moreover, this part of the study justifies the reason for research. This is closely connected with demonstrating that is known in the field. It is the knowledge of the field that allows one to identify the gap, which the research could fill. Concurrently, it allows the researcher to establish the theoretical framework and methodological focus. Adolescents in High School Adolescence is an especially dangerous time of life. The onset of puberty produces biological changes that are certainly unprecedented, if not scary. The adolescent's body changes visibly, and while his appearance continues to change, his concept of self changes as well. The reception he receives from others changes, in addition to the way he responds to them. The boundaries once conceived of as permanent are uncertain and must be reconfigured. The adolescent will begin to see himself as having sexual drives and may feel great anxiety surrounding sexual matters. And in response to this myriad of intense feelings and changes, the adolescent presents himself as omnipotent...
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...Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract This research focuses on (a) introducing and exploring ethically effective leadership, (b) introducing and testing theory on triad of typical–maximal–ideal ethically effective leadership performances, (b) theorizing and empirically testing that each of typical–maximal–ideal ethically effective leadership performance is different from each others, in other words exploring mean differences between each pair of typical–maximal–ideal effective leadership performances, (c) introducing, theorizing, and testing mechanism to quantify respondents’ intrinsic desire and inherent potential to enhance their ethically effective leadership performances, (d) exploring precedents of each of typical–maximal–ideal ethically effective leadership performances, and finally (e) exploring bases and feasi- bility of virtual, robotic, and mixed reality ethically effective leadership that may or may not be same as con- ventional ethically effective leadership. This paper explores global leadership aspect of ethically effective leadership performance at three data collection levels (via typical, maximal, and ideal effective leadership C. I. Sarwar (&) Mixed Reality University, 20, A-I, Township, Lahore 54000, Pakistan e-mail: effectiveleadership.imran@gmail.com C. I. Sarwar Chaudhary Building, Golden Estate, Adjacent Fahad CNG, 12-KM, Main Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan C. I. Sarwar Creative Researcher, 57-W, Tariq Bin Ziyad Colony, Sahiwal 57000, Punjab,...
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...RISK –RETURN TRADE -OFF ON THE NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE OLOWE, OLUSEGUN BANKING AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT COVENANT UNIVERSITY OTA. NIGERIA E-mail: oreoba2000@yahoo.com oreoba2000@gmail.com 1 ABSTRACT Expected excess returns on bonds and stocks, real interest rates, and risk shift over time in predictable ways. Furthermore, these shifts tend to persist for long period. Changes in investment opportunities can alter the risk-return trade-off of bonds, stocks, and cash across investment horizons, thus creating a term structure of the risk-return trade-off. This term structure can be extracted from a parsimonious model of return dynamics, which was illustrated with data from the stock market in Nigeria using the VAR model in the light of the reforms in the financial services sector coupled with the stock market crash and the global financial crisis. Using annual returns over the period of 1981 to 2008, volatility persistence, asymmetric properties and riskreturn relationship are investigated for the Nigerian stock market visà-vis the calendar effects on stock market performances. The degree of volatility persistence and leverage effect supporting the work of Nelson (1991) was visible in the relationship between value index of stocks, market capitalization and the volume of transactions. Key words: Calendar effect, Volatility, Stock market, Financial Reforms, Global Financial crisis, Volatility persistence, VAR, Risk-return tradeoff 2 INTRODUCTION The major flow...
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...Liminality and Communitas as new sources of Social Capital in Business Relationship Dynamics Dr Annmarie Ryan, Department of Management and Marketing, Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, Ireland. Competitive Paper Abstract In this paper I develop a framework for the study of business relationships through the lens of liminality. This is achieved by discussing the work of Turner in relation to rites and rituals and their role in society. Those dimensions of the concept of liminality and communitas that are important for this study therefore include: that it involves interaction outside everyday lived experience; that liminality is constructed and is neither self-evident or naturally occurring; involves the transformation re-discovery and re-appropriation of every day spaces, through separation, or divestiture process, and subsequently (re)incorporated into the everyday through processes of investiture and importantly, incorporates a shared experience that can impact on relations between those who share the experience beyond the event itself. The concept of liminality is offered as a way to enable researchers to understand the interactions between managers in relationships in a new way. The focus of this paper is therefore threefold: 1/ to expand upon the concept of creating, holding and intensifying liminal space and 2/consideration of the effect of this on the organisation and 3/ reflection on this on-going entering into and leaving of liminal space...
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