Below is the Porter's five Forces model for Wal-Mart in the 1960-70s:

1. Force 1-The Threat Of Entry: Low
Capital-requirement-Initial starting cost is large and also the infrastructures, buildings, equipments, other costs, all have to put in place even before the actual store is opened. The amount of money that these costs add up would prevent many.

Brand image: Wal-Mart has been in the business since the 1960s. When Sam Walton, founder of Wal-Mart, began his first discount store in 1962, since the time of starting they are known for their price benefits to the customer which is now became unbeatable of any new player.

2. Force 2- The Degree Of Rivalry: High
Numerous small players (Kmart, Target), it is a fierce competition.
.Competitors were diverse, thus they have to face high exit barriers in order to compete aggressively.

3. Force 3- The Threat Of Substitutes: Low
The threats of substitutes open to buyers are low. All its products are avalilable relatively at a cheaper price and almost every possible consumer goods available under the same roof.

So substitutes, which primarily would be normal retail shops would not pose much of a threat.

4. Force 4- Buyer Power: Low To Middle
As there were not many substitutes available for the buyers, bargaining power is not much and were lured easily on the prices offered.

Also in rural areas, customers in rural towns had to travel 3 hours or more to reach a supermarket making it a very tedious affair.

5. Force 5- Supplier Power: Low
Wal-Mart not only carries a wide range of products, but also possesses thousands of stores in the U.S. and worldwide. This combination places Wal-Mart in a very strong negotiation position with suppliers and gives it great flexibility in choosing and working with a wide range of suppliers and vendors. As stated in the case, “Wal-Mart has developed a reputation