Mohamad Alshaar
Assignment 4

What are common carriers, local exchange carriers. And interexchange carriers?
Common carriers are private companies like AT&T and sprint that provide communication services to the public. LEC are common carriers that provide local telephone services, and IXC are common carriers that provide long distance services
Who regulates common carriers and how is it done?
In the US the FCC (Federal Communications Commissions) is an agency that regulates voce and data communications, where each state has their own public utilities commission where communications is regulated within its borders.
What is cloud architecture?
The user lease connection points into the common carrier’s network, where a person dials the telephone number of the destination computer and establishes a temp circuit between two computers.
What is POTS?
POTS is plain old telephone system where dial-up was used to connect to the internet, it is obviously outdated with the new high speeds available (e.g.T-1)
How does ISDN work?
ISDN works in a way to combined voice, videos, and data over the same digital circuit,
BRI vs. PRI ISDN
BRI is basic access service that provides 2 64Kbps digital transmission channels where PRI is primary access service that provides 23 64Kbps digital transmission channels.
What is 2B+D? 2B+D is another name for BRI that is basic access service that provides 2 64Kbps digital transmission channels.
How do VPN services differ from common carrier services? virtual private network (VPN) has recently emerged. VPNs provide circuit that run over the Internet but are private to the user networks. Comparing costs of leasing dedicated circuits, circuit switched services, or packet switched services from a common carrier, internet acess is relatively cheaper. VPNs can do different services, but most offer packets switching hardware that will communicate through the Internet. What are the most commonly used T carrier services? In countries that flourish in technology such as the US and Japan, T-1 carrier services are the most commonly used services
What is the difference between datagram services and virtual circuit services? The two different connection methods are datagram and virtual circuit, datagram is a connectionless service that adds a destination address and sequence number to each packet. Few networks use datagram today. The more commonly used method, virtual circuit that is a connection oriented technique. This technique the packet switched networks makes end to end circuits between circuit between the sender and receiver