...Positive parent-child relationships provide the foundation for children’s learning. With parents’ sensitive, responsive, and predictable care, young children develop the skills they need to succeed in life. Early parent-child relationships have powerful effects on children’s emotional well-being (Dawson & Ashman, 2000), their basic coping and problem-solving abilities, and future capacity for relationships (Lerner & Castellino, 2002). Through these interactions, children learn skills they need to engage with others and to succeed in different environments (Rogoff, 2003). They learn how to manage their emotions and behaviors and establish healthy relationships with adults and peers. They also learn how to adjust to new situations and to resolve conflicts .When parents have warm, trusting, and reliable relationships with peers, family, community members, and service providers, they are more likely to have positive relationships with their children. To work toward the Parent, Family, Community and Environment: Positive Parent-Child Relationships Outcome, providers and programs can: provide emotional and concrete support to parents,1.respect diverse parenting styles, 2.value cultural differences and home languages, 3.reinforce the importance of fathers and other co-parents, 4.help parents connect with other parents and community members and resources, and model warm, responsive relationships by engaging in these relationships with parents and other family members The objective of this...
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...Mission and Philosophy I created in week one. To implement developmentally appropriate practices in the early years, it is vital for teachers to be aware of the developmental characteristics of the children they teach. This enables teachers to successfully support the child’s progress toward becoming well-adjusted, confident, and thoughtful learners. The components of a child’s learning is also very important (Eliason, Jenkins pg. 3). Educators and other concerned people need to determine how to best provide for the needs of young children and enable all children to reach their full potential. All children should be provided with high quality childcare regardless of their gender, race, religion or economic situation. All teachers should be highly trained, thoughtful, enthusiastic, creative, empathetic, hopeful, tolerant, understanding, warm, and nurturing (Eliason, Jenkins pg. 29). The importance of play in early childhood education is significant to the child’s development. Young children explore and learn through their environment. During play children learn how things work, they build social skills and learn how to solve problems. Children are active young learners that need a stimulating environment for healthy growth and development. As educators we can offer learning through a variety of activities, games and play. Whatever the age group the materials in the classroom need to meet the needs of the children in that room. Whether a special needs class or a preschool class...
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...Safety and Mental Health are crucial elements in early development of children. As early care professionals is important that we are knowledgeable of the facts that are associated with safety and care of children as the effects of safety and the mental health of children can have a lifelong effect on them. The affect that it may have on them depending on the type of environment can be a positive impact which can lead to greatness or the a negative impact which can lead to a lifelong of pain an heartache that stem from not being a safe environment when not in the comfort of their home or not being properly diagnosed at early age because their early care professional was not knowledgeable of the signs to look for. In this paper I will discuss the difference between mental health and mental illness, along with the effects of a safe environment and the importance of the role of an early care professional. Young Children’s Mental Health Mental health is not just the absence of mental disorder. It is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community. Mental illness is when one is not able to cope with the daily life obstacles; usually one has to be medicated in order to cope with daily life. A person has been diagnosed by a medical professional with a mental illness and mental illness range from all...
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...Research and Development programme. ■ Considers parenting from the perspectives of mothers, fathers and children themselves, as well as those of black and minority ethnic parents and families living in poverty with restricted access to support services Editor: David Utting August 2007 www.jrf.org.uk Key points ■ Differences in child temperament, among other factors, demonstrate that flexible, adaptable parenting is more likely to be effective than a ‘one size fits all’ approach. ■ The quality of parent-child relationships shows considerable stability over time. Some dimensions of parenting are important in children’s lives irrespective of age, especially whether relationships are warm and supportive or marked by conflict. ■ Warm, authoritative and responsive parenting is usually crucial in building resilience. Parents who develop open, participative communication, problemcentred coping, confidence and flexibility tend to manage stress well and help their families to do the same. ■ Young children’s relationships with their mothers typically affect their development more than father-child relationships. But teenagers’ relationships with their fathers appear especially important to their development and achievement in school. ■ Children’s perspectives show that what young people ‘think’ is not necessarily what parents ‘think they think’. Parents...
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...INTRODUCTION History of Hospitality 1800’s: Savoy Hotel opened with Cesar Ritz as the General Manager Delmonico’s Steak House opens in NYC Travel boomed after WWII Cross continental travel / Trans-Atlantic flights Eisenhower Interstate System 1960’s and Beyond: Mass tourism, package travel, growth in chain restaurants and hotels. Defined as the friendly reception and treatment of guests or strangers; the quality of receiving and treating guests and strangers in a warm, friendly way Derived from the French word Hospice: to provide for the weary; to take care of those travelling Many cultures embrace hospitality India: “The guest is God” principal South Central Asia. Many Facets of the Hospitality Industry Lodging Industry Cruising Industry Restaurant Industry Tourism Recreation and Attractions Clubs Gaming and Entertainment Meetings, Conventions, Events and Expositions. As PWU envisioned “a university that develops individuals through excellence in teaching, dynamic and relevant research, and responsive service supported by evolving technology for global competence” with its mission to have “An enduring commitment to prepare the learner to continuously search for knowledge through a holistic education which treasures heritage and is imbued with the core values of personal integrity and spirituality, family solidarity and communication and participation” , we the students of this institution are challenged to make this a reality. The Bachelor...
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...8 Week Treatment Plan using Expressive Group Therapy working with children who struggle with insecure attachment. What does insecure attachment look like? Attachment can be defined as “an emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation” (Myers, 1998). Early bonding experiences have a significant impact on the developing child and achieving a positive bond is essential to the child’s overall well being later in life. The relationship formed between caregiver and child acts as a template for all subsequent relationships. There are four different patterns of response that are considered to be indicative of child attachment to an adult caregiver; secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant/ambivalent or disorganized /disoriented. Theorist such as John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth and Erik Erikson proposed that during the 1st year of life a working model is forged based on the caregiver/child relationship and lays the groundwork for future interactions. If the child is unable to form a secure attachment to his or her caregiver it can result in problems such as, relating to people, problems accepting care, problems with transitions, lack of conscience, emotional immaturity, and problems with trust and self-esteem. Children who have been severely maltreated, abandoned, raised in orphanages or placed in multiple foster homes exhibit...
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...WORKING WITH ABUSED CHILDREN 1 / CHAPTER ONE The Abuse of Filipino Childr en Filipino families consider children as gifts from God (Bulatao 1975). They are persons who inspire love and affection and bring happiness and security in the twilight years of parents. Interestingly, children are seen as links to immortality because children pass on from one generation to another the family’s name, history, and heritage. Often, children are portrayed as being nurtured and properly attended to in their homes; however, Filipino children are not as secure and protected as they are ideally portrayed. The increasing number of street children who work on the streets or beg for alms from pedestrians and motorists belie such an idealized portrayal. Street children, among other things, are the most palpable reminder that all is not well with Filipino children. Reality reveals the many children who are denied even the most minimum of needs like food, love, nurturance, stability, security, and stimulating learning environment that will allow for their healthy development. Many Filipino children are rushed into maturity because early on in their lives, they are forced to contend with difficult problems and to take on adult roles and responsibilities. Media and popular and academic literature, more than any other time, has brought to our attention the plight of children, be they street children or not, who perform adult roles and who are in need of the basic components ...
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...and caregivers. It is believed that children develop and thrive better when they are brought up in an environment where the caregiver satisfies a child’s needs physically and emotionally. Throughout the Late 1930s and 1940s a psychologist John Bowlby investigated the nature and the purpose of the close relationships that a person forms with people throughout their lives, in particular, childhood. He researched the making and breaking of bonds to understand the psychological behaviour and social and emotional development of human being (Howe, 1995, P46). As a result of these investigations and studies Bowlby developed a theory called the ‘Attachment Theory’. The basis of this theory is that “the infant and young child should experience warm, intimate and continuous relationships between the child and the mother” (Steele, 2002, State of the art: Attachment). Bowlby’s attachment theory hypothesis that humans have some biological need to develop a close loving bond with their mothers, or caregiver. This bond develops within the first year of the child’s life, and if the bond is not developed or the bond is broken, the child’s emotional development may suffer. (Davenport, 1994, P9). Bowlby’s theory has been used...
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...FAMILY INVOLVEMENT MAKES A DIFFERENCE EVIDENCE THAT FAMILY INVOLVEMENT PROMOTES SCHOOL SUCCESS FOR EVERY CHILD OF EVERY AGE Harvard Family Research Project Harvard Graduate School of Education HARVARD FAMILY RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 1 in a series SPRING 2006 Family Involvement IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION The family seems to be the most effective and economical system for fostering and sustaining the child’s development. Without family involvement, intervention is likely to be unsuccessful, and what few effects are achieved are likely to disappear once the intervention is discontinued.1 —Urie Bronfenbrenner This brief is dedicated to Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917–2005) whose pioneering research influenced the work of Harvard Family Research Project. Introduction Family involvement matters for young children’s cognitive and social development. But what do effective involvement processes look like, and how do they occur? This research brief summarizes the latest evidence base on effective involvement—that is, the research studies that link family involvement in early childhood to outcomes and programs that have been evaluated to show what works. The conceptual framework guiding this research review is complementary learning. Harvard Family Research Project (HFRP) believes that for children and youth to be successful from birth through adolescence, there must be an array of learning supports around them. These learning supports...
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...CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND As presented, this chapter discusses the problem and its background. This will help the reader to have an overview of the study specifically on the introduction, statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope and delimitation. I. INTRODUCTION Teenage pregnancy is formally defined as a pregnancy in a young woman who has not reached her 20th birthday when the pregnancy ends, regardless of whether the woman is married or is legally an adult (age 14 to 21, depending on the country). In everyday speech, the speaker is usually referring to unmarried minors who become pregnant unintentionally. The average age of menarche (first menstrual period) is 12 years old, though this figure varies by ethnicity, and ovulation occurs only irregularly before this. Whether fertility leads to early pregnancy depends on a number of factors, both societal and personal. Worldwide, rates of teenage pregnancy range from 143 per 1000 in some sub-Saharan African countries to 2.9 per 1000 in South Korea. Pregnant teenagers face many of the same obstetrics issues as women in their 20s and 30s. However, there are additional medical concerns for younger mothers, particularly those under fifteen and those living in developing countries. For mothers between 15 and 19, age in itself is not a risk factor, but additional risks may be associated with socioeconomic factors. In developed countries, teenage pregnancies are associated with many social...
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...Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings: Best Evidence Synthesis July 2003 Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings: Best Evidence Synthesis October 2003 This report is one of a series of best evidence syntheses commissioned by the Ministry of Education. It is part of a commitment to strengthen the evidence base that informs education policy and practice in New Zealand. It aims to contribute to an ongoing evidence-based discourse amongst policy makers, educators and researchers. The best evidence synthesis approach is being developed in collaboration with researchers. It draws together in a systematic way the available evidence about what works to improve education outcomes, and what can make a bigger difference for the education of all our children and young people. Prepared for the Ministry of Education Authors Linda Mitchell and Pam Cubey Copyright © Ministry of Education PO Box 1666 Wellington ISBN 0-478-18773-4 Web ISBN ISBN 0-478-18774-2 www.minedu.govt.nz Characteristics of professional development linked to enhanced pedagogy and children’s learning in early childhood settings Best Evidence Synthesis Report prepared for the New Zealand Ministry of Education Linda Mitchell and Pam Cubey July 2003 New Zealand Council for Educational Research P O Box 3237 ...
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...Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the support of two research assistants, Caroline Scott and Karin Barty. We thank them for their enthusiasm for the project and the many hours they spent searching the literature. The Early Childhood Education Research Team would also like to acknowledge the parents, primary school teachers, school principals, early childhood professionals and other support staff who were willing to provide their views on what they considered to be a successful transition to school. A very special thank you to the kindergarten teachers who, at the time, were very busy writing Transition Learning and Development Statements yet somehow put time aside to answer our questions. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the support and colleagueship provided by the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, especially Pippa Procter, Gina Suntesic and Karen Weston. This has been an interesting and stimulating project for us all. The Early Childhood Education Research Team Victoria University December, 2009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction • Background • Purpose Methodology • Literature Review • Participants • Data Collection • Victorian Early Years Learning & Development Framework (Victorian Framework) • Outcomes • Indicators • Measures • Tables Outcomes & Indicators of a Positive Start to School • For Children • For Families • For Educators • Table 1: Outcomes & indicators of a positive start to school...
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...Unit 2 Background information: The service user I have chosen to base my coursework on is called Jordon Hill. He is three years old and is an only child. Both his parents work therefore he attends Childs play nursery. Although Jordon’s parents are busy with work, they both try to spend as much time as a family together as possible for example family dinners, and Saturday night movies. Jordon looks forward to these quality times, as he knows his parents are mostly busy. Jordon likes to play with his parents but understands when they are busy. He loves to play with his bike in the garden, and also the trampoline. He also enjoys his favourite blue toy car and his building blocks. Jordon’s hobby is playing football with his father. Jordon does not suffer from any medical issues or diseases; however he is allergic to egg which means that the nursery cook and staff need to ensure that they are extra careful with what they feed him. Overall this isn’t a great concern and other than that he is a healthy boy. Task 1: 1. Education through play: Schools & nurseries offer a wide range of services in order to stimulate the children. It also gives them a chance to interact with others whilst learning and gaining new skills. The most important and one of the main services is education through play. From my experience at Childs Play Nursery which we visited as a school trip, I found out that for young children to enjoy learning they have to physically engage in the activities...
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...1 THE ECONOMIC MOTIVES FOR CHILD ALLOWANCES: ALTRUISM, EXCHANGE OR VALUE OF INDEPENDENCE? Lisa Farrell*, Paul Frijters** and Michael A. Shields* * Department of Economics, University of Melbourne, Australia ** Tinbergen Institute, Free University Amsterdam, Netherlands August 2002 (preliminary draft) Abstract This paper looks inside the “black box” of the family and examines the determinants of inter vivos transfers in the form of allowances given to children. We consider in a simple model two main competing explanations for the transfer of money from parents to children in the form of regular allowances, namely altruism and exchange. We also extend the altruism framework to include unobserved child heterogeneity in monetary autonomy or the 'value of independence'. We use a unique dataset drawn from the British Family Expenditure Survey, which enables us to explicitly test both the inter-generational predictions of the various models, and through a study of siblings, we are also able to consider the intra-household aspects of such payments. Using both random (inter-household) and fixed-effect (intra-household) estimators, we find robust evidence of an nshape relationship between a child's external income and the receipt of allowances from parents. Importantly, this estimated profile does not fit the predications of simple models of altruism or exchange, but does fit an altruism model with unobserved heterogeneity. Further support for the importance of the value of independence...
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...Term Paper On Gender Discrimination in Bangladesh Submitted by WWW.ASSIGNMENTPOINT.COM Dialogue over the issue of Gender Discrimination is not a recent phenomenon. During the 1950s and 60s, the emphasis on women was on their reproductive roles as mothers and homemakers. This approach was based on Western stereotypes of the nuclear family in which women are economically dependent on the male breadwinners. In the early 1970s, researchers began to focus on the division of labor based on sex, and the impact of development and modernization strategies on women. The WID (Women in Development) concept came into use in this period. The philosophy underlying this approach is that women are lagging behind in society and the gap between men and women can be bridged by remedial measures within the existing structures. The WID approach started to recognize women as direct actors of social, political, cultural and working life. Therese Blancher mentioned gender disparity of Bengali society as: The birth of a boy is always greeted with joy. The birth of a girl is welcome when it is a first child (the first fruit which announces the fertility of the plant), or when there are already boys and no girl in a family. Otherwise, it is often received with resentment. Boys represent wealth, but girls are seen as a cumbersome responsibility. They are born to be given in marriage. This will require a dowry and impoverish the family most prefer a large number of sons...
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